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Showing papers on "Metal matrix composite published in 2016"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the need of simulation or numerical methods for the prediction of mechanical characteristics of aluminium silicon carbide metal matrix composites (Al-SiC MMC) is discussed.

149 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, cracks in reinforced Fe-based metal matrix composites (WC p /Fe) were manufactured by laser melting deposition (LMD) technology to investigate the characteristics of cracks formation.
Abstract: It is generally believed that cracks in metal matrix composites (MMC) parts manufacturing are crucial to the reliable material properties, especially for the reinforcement particles with high volume fraction. In this paper, WC particles (WC p ) reinforced Fe-based metal matrix composites (WC p /Fe) were manufactured by laser melting deposition (LMD) technology to investigate the characteristics of cracks formation. The section morphology of composites were analyzed by optical microscope (OM), and microstructure of WC p , matrix and interface were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in order to study the crack initiation and propagation behavior under different laser process conditions. The temperature of materials during the laser melting deposition was detected by the infrared thermometer. The results showed that the cracks often appeared after five layers laser deposition in this experiment. The cracks crossed through WC particles rather than the interface, so the strength of interface obtained by the LMD was relatively large. When the thermal stress induced by high temperature gradient during LMD and the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between WC and matrix was larger than yield strength of WC, the cracks would initiate inside WC particle. Cracks mostly propagated along the eutectic phases whose brittleness was very large. The obtained thin interface was beneficial to transmitting the stress from particle to matrix. The influence of volume fraction of particles, laser power and scanning speed on cracks were investigated. This paper investigated the influence of WC particles size on cracks systematically, and the smallest size of cracked WC in different laser processing parameters was also researched.

116 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of rutile (TiO 2 ) content on the wear and micro-hardness properties of aluminium-based hybrid composites was explored, where the proposed content of TiO 2 (0, 4, 8, 12, mass fraction) was blended to Al-15%SiC composites through powder metallurgy (P/M) process.

115 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of reinforcement on the wear mechanism of metal matrix composites (MMCs) was investigated by considering different parameters, such as sliding distance (6 km), pressure (0.14-1.1 MPa) and sliding speed (230-1480 r/min).

106 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, selective laser melting was used for additive manufacturing multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced Inconel 625 composites through molecular-level mixing.

102 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an in-situ tensile test in synchrotron tomography achieved for the first time with a frequency of 20 tomograms per second (20 Hz acquisition frequency).
Abstract: This paper describes an in-situ tensile test in synchrotron tomography achieved for the first time with a frequency of 20 tomograms per second (20 Hz acquisition frequency). This allows us to capture rapid material fracture processes, such as that of a metal matrix composite composed of 45 % of alumina particles embedded into 55 % of pure aluminium, which fractures by the sudden coalescence of internal damage. Qualitatively, the images show the nucleation and propagation of a crack during 9 s leading to total fracture of the sample. The images are then post-processed quantitatively to analyze the evolving shape of the crack and to derive the instantaneous speed of its tip. It is shown that the crack clearly propagates from one particle to the next, pausing briefly before propagating to the next particle, lending experimental support to a local load sharing analysis of the fracture of this class of composite.

96 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a metal matrix composite is prepared from sintering of mechanically alloyed powder (ball milling) in powder metallurgy processes and three different combinations of compositions in volume fraction were chosen.
Abstract: Summary The applications of metal matrix composites are increasing day by day due to high strength to weight ratio. In the present work Al–SiC–B 4 C metal matrix composite is prepared from sintering of mechanically alloyed powder (ball milling) in powder metallurgy processes. Three different combinations of compositions in volume fraction were chosen namely 90%Al 8%SiC 2%B 4 C, 90%Al 5%SiC 5%B 4 C and 90%Al 3%SiC 7%B 4 C. An attempt has been made to study the characteristics of developed metal matrix composite. As increase in percentage of B 4 C the micro hardness of the metal matrix composite has increased significantly. The microstructure of the prepared metal matrix composite reveals the uniform distribution of particles in metal matrix.

81 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of different ratios of B 4 C and TiB 2 reinforcing particles on the microstructure and wear resistance of surface layers was studied. And the results showed that the incorporation of b 4 C to the surface increased the hardness and wear resilience of composite layers in comparison with FSPed AA6063 alloy.
Abstract: Friction stir processing (FSP) was used to produce mono and hybrid surface composite layers of aluminium matrix containing B 4 C and TiB 2 particles. For this purpose the AA6063 was used as the base material. Different fractions of milled B 4 C and in situ TiB 2 –10 wt.%Al composite powder produced by mechanical alloying were incorporated into the matrix by FSP. The effect of different ratios of TiB 2 and B 4 C reinforcing particles on the microstructure and wear resistance of surface layers was studied. Microstructural evaluation of the samples was conducted by optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of the cross-sections of surface composite layers. Microhardness testing was conducted across the cross-sections of FSPed samples to obtain hardness profiles and pin on disk dry sliding wear test was conducted on FSPed samples. The results showed that the incorporation of B 4 C and TiB 2 reinforcing particles to the surface increased the hardness and wear resistance of composite layers in comparison with FSPed AA6063 alloy. Moreover, 100%TiB 2 surface composite layer exhibited the highest hardness and best wear behaviour compared to other fractions.

76 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new approach for dissimilar friction stir welding of aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy was developed, in which silicon carbide nanoparticles were embedded into the weldment.
Abstract: In this study, a new approach for dissimilar friction stir welding of aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy was developed. In order to make metal matrix composite in the weld stir zone, silicon carbide nanoparticles were embedded into the weldment. The admixture pattern of the stir zone, weld microstructures, intermetallic phases, powder distribution, and mechanical properties of the welds were investigated in this paper. Due to using silicon carbide nanoparticles as reinforcement in friction stir welding, the weld microstructure was affected by pinning mechanism. Meanwhile, it was observed that the formation of brittle and hard intermetallic phases also affected the welded joint microstructure. The effects of friction stir welding process parameter such as tool rotational and traverse speeds were also examined. It was observed that increasing the tool rotational speed and decreasing the tool traverse speed improved the mixing of two alloys at the stir zone. By controlling the process parameters, a fine microstructure with an average grain size of 4.3 μm at the stir zone was obtained.

75 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of sintering method on the structure and mechanical properties of aluminum −10 wt% VC composite was investigated, and the obtained results indicate that the aluminum-VC composite prepared by SPS had the highest relative density (99 ± 0.6 ± %TD), bending strength (295 ± 15 MPa) and microhardness (232 ± 16 Vickers).

70 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematically studied the morphology, size and dispersion of TiB 2 particles formed in-situ from Fe-Ti-B based melts, as well as their chemical composition, crystal structure and mechanical properties.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the dispersion of B4C particles in the aluminum matrix, interfacial characteristics and microstructural features were qualitatively characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and optical microscope.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Al2O3-TiB2-TiC/Al metal matrix composite coatings were deposited onto MB26 magnesium alloy substrates by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) using the powders produced by self-propagation high-temperature synthesis (SHS).

Journal ArticleDOI
Xiangyu Ma1, Qiang Zhang1, Z.C. Luo1, Xiu Lin, Gaohui Wu1 
TL;DR: In this article, a Ferro-Aluminum based sandwich composite for magnetic and electromagnetic interference shielding was designed and fabricated by hot pressing and subsequent diffusion treatment, and the microstructure evolution of sandwich composite was characterized.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of surface layer in A359/20SiCP metal matrix composite (MMC) during laser assisted turning, with the consideration of SiC particles sedimentation in a liquid matrix, was studied.
Abstract: This paper presents the study on the formation of surface layer in A359/20SiCP metal matrix composite (MMC) during laser assisted turning, with the consideration of SiC particles’ sedimentation in a liquid matrix The developed model includes the effect of gravity, buoyancy, resistive force of liquid matrix and centrifugal force of the rotating work material On the basis of the proposed approach the instantaneous sedimentation speed, as well as the depth of sedimented SiC particles are calculated Consequently, the applied model enables the selection of the effective depth of cut and tool’s angular distance from the laser beam, which can improve the machined surface quality and composite’s exploitation properties The experiments confirm that sedimentation phenomenon plays an important role during the surface layer formation in laser heating conditions Furthermore, the laser assisted turning with the selection of the recommended cutting conditions affects the improvement of surface quality, and composite’s wear resistance

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dry sliding wear test was carried out using pin-on-disc apparatus on the prepared composites and the results reveal that increasing the reinforcement content from 10 wt% to 20’wt% increases the resistance to wear rate.
Abstract: With an increase in the population and industrialization, a lot of valuable natural resources are depleted to prepare and manufacture products. However industrialization on the other hand has waste disposal issues, causing dust and environmental pollution. In this work, Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite is prepared by reinforcing 10 wt% and 20 wt% of wet grinder stone dust particles an industrial waste obtained during processing of quarry rocks which are available in nature. In the composite materials design wear is a very important criterion requiring consideration which ensures the materials reliability in applications where they come in contact with the environment and other surfaces. Dry sliding wear test was carried out using pin-on-disc apparatus on the prepared composites. The results reveal that increasing the reinforcement content from 10 wt% to 20 wt% increases the resistance to wear rate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the results of Stellite-6/WC metal matrix composite coatings (MMC coatings) produced by laser cladding technology using a 1kW continuous wave Yb: YAG disk laser with powder feeding system were investigated.
Abstract: The paper focuses on the study results of Stellite-6/WC metal matrix composite coatings (MMC coatings) produced by laser cladding technology using a 1 kW continuous wave Yb: YAG disk laser with powder feeding system. Specimens were preparation using CNC machining center equipped with a laser nozzle. Powder mixtures containing 60% tungsten carbides particles and 40% commercial Stellite-6 powder were used. In this study, three different values of laser beam power (400 W, 550 W and 700 W) and three different powder feed rate (5.12 g/min, 10.24 g/min and 15.36 g/min) were used. For all specimens, the same scanning speed of laser beam were applied. Changes in roughness, microstructure as well as wear resistance were investigated. It was found that increasing laser beam power caused a decrease in wear resistance of coating. Furthermore in described process appeared the best value of the powder feed rate which potentially resulting in better wear resistance. Exceeding this value influence on more intensive wear of coating. Special attention was given to the wear mechanism of MMC coatings.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a TiB reinforced near α-Ti-matrix composite was fabricated using selective laser melting from a mixture of CrB 2 and commercially pure Ti powders.
Abstract: TiB reinforced near α Ti-matrix composite was fabricated in this work using selective laser melting from a mixture of CrB 2 and commercially pure Ti powders. The corresponding composites present an almost fully dense structure for suitable laser energy density conditions. The X-ray diffraction and microstructure analysis indicate that the TiB and β-Ti phase appears for parts obtained with a low scanning speed of the laser beam. The parts obtained at high and low scanning speeds show higher hardness and lower wear rate than those obtained for intermediate scanning speed which, on the contrary, show the highest density. The wear behavior of the as-processed parts is compared with that of pure Ti parts also obtained by selective laser melting.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the wear rate of Al6061 hybrid metal matrix composite reinforced with the hard ceramic alumina and soft solid lubricant of molybdenum disulphide is investigated.
Abstract: Aluminum Hybrid Reinforcement Technology is a response to the dynamic ever-increasing service requirement of industries such as transportation, aerospace, automobile, and marine, due to its attractive properties like high ductility, highly conductivity, light weight, and high strength to weight ratio. In this evolution, an attempt has been made to investigate the wear rate of Al6061 hybrid metal matrix composite reinforced with the hard ceramic alumina (4, 8, and 12 wt.% of Al2O3) and soft solid lubricant of molybdenum disulphide (2, 4, and 6 wt.% of MoS2) is fabricated by using stir casting method. The unlubricated pins on disc wear tests were conducted to examine the wear behaviour of Al6061/12 wt.% of Al2O3/MoS2 composites. The sliding wear tests were carried out at various loads of 15, 30, and 45 N, sliding velocity (1.25, 2.50, and 3.25 m/sec), and different MoS2 wt.% (2, 4, and 6 wt.%). In addition, the CNC turning experiments were conducted on Al6061/12 wt.% Al2O3/6 wt.% MoS2 using CNMG 120408 uncoated carbide cutting tool under cutting of 100, 150, and 200 m/min, feed of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mm/rev, and depth of cut of 1, 1.5, and 2 mm.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results suggested that the addition of B4C particles provided lower tendency to corrosion and lower corrosion kinetics under sliding, along with significantly reduced wear loss, mainly due to the load carrying effect given by the reinforcement particles.
Abstract: Poor wear resistance of titanium is a major concern since relative movements due to the cyclic loads in body environment cause wear between the bone and the implant material leading to detachment of the wear debris and release of metal ions due to the simultaneous action of corrosion and wear, defined as tribocorrosion. In order to increase the tribocorrosion resistance, Grade 2 Ti matrix 24vol% B4C particle reinforced composites were processed by hot pressing. Corrosion behaviour was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization in 9g/L NaCl solution at body temperature. Tribocorrosion tests were performed under open circuit potential, as well as under potentiodynamic polarization using a reciprocating ball-on-plate tribometer. Results suggested that the addition of B4C particles provided lower tendency to corrosion and lower corrosion kinetics under sliding, along with significantly reduced wear loss, mainly due to the load carrying effect given by the reinforcement particles.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two cold spray coatings, one pure Cu and the other a Cu-MoS2 composite coating, were studied for their tribology performance in dry air, and it was demonstrated that a small amount of MoS2 (1.8± 0.99 ǫ) could significantly decrease coefficient of friction (CoF) from around 0.7 (Cu coating) to 0.14-0.15.
Abstract: Two cold spray coatings, one pure Cu and the other a Cu–MoS2 composite coating, were studied for their tribology performance in dry air. It was demonstrated that a small amount of MoS2 (1.8 ± 0.99 wt%) could significantly decrease coefficient of friction (CoF) from around 0.7 (Cu coating) to 0.14–0.15. MoS2 patches on the wear track exhibited a lower local CoF, and the main velocity accommodation mechanism was shearing MoS2-containing debris. Even though the coating wear rates were high in the early sliding (8.61–12.8 nm/cycle in penetration depth during the first 100 cycles), slow wear (0.12–0.22 nm/cycle) over the subsequent sliding was observed. It was also found that the presence of MoS2 helped to achieve high endurance of the first steady-state CoF. The dynamics of the process, material transfer, and phase transformation were examined using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The MoS2 patches developed on the wear track and the counterface served as reservoirs to replenish MoS2 in the contact and became depleted with sliding. Cross-sectional microstructure revealed by electron channeling contrast imaging technique showed a layer of sliding-induced microstructure, 3–5 µm thick for the Cu–MoS2 coating, and 10–30 µm thick for the Cu coating.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure and mechanical properties of Al-TiB 2 composite fabricated by Friction Stir Processing (FSP) were evaluated and a nearly uniform distribution of TiB 2 in aluminum matrix after FSP with the addition of composite powder.
Abstract: Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-TiB 2 composite fabricated by Friction Stir Processing (FSP) were evaluated. In situ TiB 2 -10 wt%Al composite powder was synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) of Ti, B and Al powder mixture. FSP was applied on AA6063 with and without the addition of TiB 2 -Al composite powder. Microstructural evaluations showed a nearly uniform distribution of TiB 2 in aluminum matrix after FSP with the addition of composite powder. FSP of AA6063 alloy without the addition of reinforcing particles resulted in slight improvement in tensile strength to about 195 MPa in comparison to the as-received alloy. By the addition of MAed TiB 2 -Al composite powder during FSP the tensile strength could increase to about 280 MPa which was about 70% higher than that of the base material.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Graphene as a conductive solid lubricant additive was introduced into Ag matrix from the electrolytes in which submicron WC particles and Graphenne nanosheets were suspended.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the wear behavior at elevated test temperature of composite Ni-P/SiC deposit, with varying concentration of the reinforcing SiC particles, was investigated, where fine grooves, abrasive polishing and uniform wearing were observed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, FSP was used to incorporate tungsten particles in the 5083 Al matrix to fabricate metal particle reinforced surface composites and a worn surface analysis revealed that the composite undergoes adhesive and oxidative type of mild wear at all the three loads whereas there was a transition to abrasive and delamination type of severe wear at higher loads in the base and FSPed samples.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of the fabrication of three-dimensional cermet objects by SLM using 5-35 mu m boron carbide particles surrounded by similar to 2 mu m cobalt-based layers was explored.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a hot indirect extrusion with different dies angle (θ=45°, 60° and 75°) at 1303 K was conducted to evaluate the microstructural and mechanical properties.
Abstract: Forged 5 vol% (TiB+TiC)/Ti6Al4V titanium matrix composite billets with a heterogeneous reinforced structure was successfully hot indirect extruded with different dies angle (θ=45°, 60° and 75°) at 1303 K. The dies angle was found to work as one key factor to change the microstructures and mechanical properties. Detail investigation on the microstructural evolution revealed that the significant grain refinement was obtained after extrusion due to dynamic recrystallization, the fully dynamic recrystallization takes place during indirect extrusion at dies angle 75°. In situ TiB and TiC reinforcements were also significantly refined by the indirect extrusion process, while highly developed preferred orientation of TiB short fibers along extrusion direction. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties showed that the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation exhibited a simultaneous increase after the indirect extrusion, especially on the ductility of the materials. The strength was slightly improved but not too much by hot extrusion. However, both tensile strength and elongation to fracture were reduced as the extrusion dies angle enlarged from 45° to 75°. Higher strength and elongation were obtained with optimal dies angle 45°, confirmed by matrix refinement, dynamical recrystallization and the optimal aspect ratio of TiB short fibers. Therefore, the optimal hot extrusion with the extrusion dies angle should be controlled less than 60°.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of different volume fractions of SiC and Al2O3 particle reinforcement on microstructure and mechanical properties have been investigated, and the 20% and 10% SiC reinforced composites have been identified as optimized composites for clutch pressure/face plate application.
Abstract: Aluminium metal matrix composite is one of the most promising engineering material and gradually emerging technology in automobile industries. There are usage of this composite material in certain critical applications like clutch pressure and face plate assembly due to their enhanced mechanical, wear and physical properties. In the present study, A356 aluminum alloy reinforced with SiC and Al2O3 particle was made by stir casting process. The effects of different volume fractions of SiC and Al2O3 particle reinforcement on microstructure and mechanical properties have been investigated. The tensile, yield strength and hardness have been increased in the particulate containing composites. As compared to base alloy, 20 % volume fraction of SiC reinforced composites showed 16 % increase in tensile strength and 10 % volume fraction of Al2O3 reinforced composites showed 19 % increase in tensile strength. The yield strength of 20 % SiC and 10 % Al2O3 containing samples nearly 50 % higher than those of the base alloy. Dislocation density, precipitation hardening and changes in grain size are the main mechanisms enhancing the mechanical properties of particulate reinforced composites. The 20 % SiC and 10 % Al2O3 reinforced composites have been identified as optimized composites for clutch pressure/face plate application.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An ultrafine grained Cu-5vol.%Al2O3 composite with a microstructure consisting of bimodal Al 2O3 particles distributing at the boundaries of ultrafine Cu grains was fabricated by a combination of high energy mechanical milling and powder compact extrusion.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a metal-matrix composite (MMC) was produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using a Ti-10wt.%TiB2 powder mixture at temperatures of 850 or 1000°C, corresponding to the α or β phase fields of Ti, respectively.