Topic
Metaphase
About: Metaphase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6925 publications have been published within this topic receiving 291590 citations. The topic is also known as: GO:0007091 & mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition.
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324 citations
TL;DR: The results imply that the inhibition of CENP-E farnesylation results in the alteration of the microtubule-centromere interaction during mitosis and results inThe accumulation of cells prior to metaphase.
322 citations
TL;DR: Recent data are discussed that provide the most direct links between centrosomes and cell-cycle progression, including G(1) to S-phase, G(2) to mitosis and metaphase to anaphase.
322 citations
TL;DR: The separation of chromosomal nucleoprotein into its component entities can now be accomplished by the methods that are relatively mild and nondestructive as compared to those used in the past.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Chromosomes are ordinarily obtained from cells during interphase and are, therefore, in the extended form known as chromatin. The advancement in the understanding of chromosomal structure and function has been made possible by the development of new methods for the handling of chromatin and chromosomal constituents. The isolation of chromatin is based upon differential centrifugation followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Chromatin is among the most pelletable components of a tissue homogenate. The tissue is, therefore, ground in a suitable medium, freed of unruptured cells and membrane fragments by filtration, and sedimented at 1000–4000 g, conditions that do not bring down mitochondria. The pellet is then washed by repeated suspension and pelleting, finally layered on sucrose solution, and centrifuged for an appropriate period. By these methods, 60–75% or more of the DNA present in the original tissue is recovered as purified chromatin. The basic steps for the isolation of the highly contracted metaphase chromosomes are (1) accumulation of a large proportion of cells in metaphase by treatment with colchieine or other mitotic poison, (2) homogenization of the cells without damage to the chromosomes, (3) separation of the released chromosomes from cell debris. The separation of chromosomal nucleoprotein into its component entities can now be accomplished by the methods that are relatively mild and nondestructive as compared to those used in the past. An excellent example is the separation of histones from DNA by banding in a cesium chloride density gradient.
321 citations
TL;DR: A cell type-specific modulation of Cdk1 might be taken advantage of for the therapeutic correction of pathogenic imbalances in apoptosis control.
Abstract: The cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1), formerly called Cdc2 (or p34(Cdc2)), interacts with cyclin B1 to form an active heterodimer. The activity of Cdk1 is subjected to a complex spatiotemporary regulation, required to guarantee its scheduled contribution to the mitotic prophase and metaphase. Moreover, the activation of Cdk1 may be required for apoptosis induction in some particular pathways of cell killing. This applies to several clinically important settings, for instance to paclitaxel-induced killing of breast cancer cells, in which the ErbB2 receptor kinase can mediate apoptosis inhibition through inactivation of Cdk1. The activation of Cdk1 participates also in HIV-1-induced apoptosis, upstream of the p53-dependent mitochondrial permeabilization step. An unscheduled Cdk1 activation may contribute to neuronal apoptosis occurring in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, the premature activation of Cdk1 can lead to mitotic catastrophe, for instance after irradiation-induced DNA damage. Thus, a cell type-specific modulation of Cdk1 might be taken advantage of for the therapeutic correction of pathogenic imbalances in apoptosis control.
320 citations