Showing papers on "Methacrylic acid published in 1968"
TL;DR: In this article, a copolymer of ethylene with an acid, such as methacrylic acid, is combined with a metal (unpublished results of R. W. Rees and D. J. Vaughan).
Abstract: IONOMERS are plastics in which a copolymer of ethylene with an acid, such as methacrylic acid, is combined with a metal (unpublished results of R. W. Rees and D. J. Vaughan. What distinguishes ionomers from polyelectrolytes is that the ionic material forms a minor part of the whole, the remainder being substantially hydrocarbon. Thus the fully ionized sodium salt of polymethacrylic acid contains 21 per cent sodium whereas the ionomers typically contain less than 5 per cent.
113 citations
66 citations
Patent•
25 Sep 1968
TL;DR: A SUBSTANTIALLY ANHYDROUS SPARingly CROSS-LINKED HYDROPHILIC POLYMER as mentioned in this paper is a type of water soluble capable of being swollen when in contact with water.
Abstract: A SUBSTANTIALLY ANHYDROUS SPARINGLY CROSS LINKED HYDROPHILIC POLYMER CAPABLE OF BEING SWOLLEN WHEN IN CONTACT WITH WATER. THE POLYMER CONSISTS OF AT LEAST 98% BY WEIGHT OF A WATER SOLUBLE MONOESTERS OF ACRYLIC OR METHACRYLIC ACID, ITS AMIDES, MIXTURE AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF AND NOT MORE THAN 2% BY WEIGHT OF A DIESTER OF THE MONOMERS. THE POLYMER IS THREE DIMENSIONALLY CROSS-LINKED AND IN THE FORM OF A XEROGEL OR IN THE FORM OF A GEL INTO WHICH PLASTICIZER MAY BE ADDED.
51 citations
Patent•
05 Jul 1968
TL;DR: In this article, a method for the manufacture of metal reinforced, steam-cured, light weight concrete where the metal reinforcement is provided with a protective coating thereon prior to being embedded in the concrete.
Abstract: A method for the manufacture of metal reinforced, steam-cured, light weight concrete where the metal reinforcement is provided with a protective coating thereon prior to being embedded in the concrete. The protective coating comprises an aqueous mixture of 60 - 90 percent by weight of Portland Cement, 10 - 50 percent of water, and 2 - 20 percent by weight of a copolymer selected from the group consisting of copolymers of acrylic acid ethyl ester, methacrylic acid methyl ester, methacrylic butyl ester, and methacrylic acid isobutyl ester.
44 citations
TL;DR: The results confirm the characteristics of the previous model of the hydration of polyelectrolytes, that is, the cooperative action of neighboring charged groups induce the second hydration region in addition to the intrinsic hydration area around their neighboring charge groups.
Abstract: The hydration of several polyacids has been investigated with special attention to the effects of neighboring charged groups and hydrophobic groups on the hydration regions. The molar volume change due to the structural change of water by the hydration was obtained by the method of refractivity measurement. The polyacids employed were poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid), poly(L-glutamic acid), and a copolymer of maleic acid and vinyl acetate. The measurement of the refractive index was performed for the solutions of these polymers neutralized to varying degrees by tetrabutyl-ammonium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. The results confirm the characteristics of the previous model of the hydration of polyelectrolytes, that is, the cooperative action of neighboring charged groups induce the second hydration region in addition to the intrinsic hydration region. The stiff structure of water in these regions restricts the mobility of counterions forced to enter into these regions by the strong electrostatic potential of polyions. The results indicate also that hydrophobic groups induce an additional hydration region around their neighboring charged groups. Small but negative volume changes were observed for conformational changes of poly(L-glutamic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid) induced by the neutralization of carboxyl groups.
44 citations
Patent•
27 Jun 1968TL;DR: In this paper, the reaction product of a PERFLUOROALKYL-ALKOXYALKyl ALKANOL and an ACRYLIC or METHACryLIC ACID REAGENT was investigated.
Abstract: FLUOROALKYL-ALKOXYALKYL ACRYLATES AND METHACRYLATES COMPRISING THE REACTION PRODUCT OF A PERFLUOROALKOXYALKYL ALKANOL AND AN ACRYLIC OR METHACRYLIC ACID REAGENT. THE RESULTING MONOMERS MAY, THEREAFTER BE HOMO- OR COPOLYMERIZED WITH A WIDE VARIETY OF CONVENTIONAL ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED, I.E. VINYL, MONOMERS, SAID POLYMERIC MATERIALS IMPARTING BOTH WATER AND OIL REPELLENCY TO A WIDE VARIETY OF SUBSTRATES.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a dynamic mechanical study has been made of an ethylenemethacrylic acid copolymer containing 4.1 mole per cent of methacrylic units and its sodium, lithium and calcium salts.
Abstract: A dynamic mechanical study has been made of an ethylenemethacrylic acid copolymer containing 4.1 mole per cent of methacrylic acid units and its sodium, lithium and calcium salts. On the basis of the results and related physical chemical studies it is proposed that the structures of the ionized copolymers consist of three distinct phases—a crystalline polyethylene phase, an amorphous polyethylene phase, and an ionic phase consisting of ionic domains. It is further proposed that the unionized acid copolymer consists of two phases—a crystalline polyethylene phase and an amorphous phase consisting of polyethylene crosslined with hydrogen bonded, carboxylic acid dimers.
31 citations
Patent•
14 Aug 1968
TL;DR: Anionic LATEXes of COPOLYMERS COMPRISING a LOWER ALKYL ACRYLATE SUCH as Butyl ACrylate and an A,B-ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC MONOMER SUCH AS METHACRYLIC ACID and MALEIC ANHYDRIDE CAPABLE OF BEING COAGULATED by ADJUSTING the PH OF the LATEx to a value ranging from about 8.8 to about 10.1 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: ANIONIC LATEXES OF COPOLYMERS COMPRISING A LOWER ALKYL ACRYLATE SUCH AS BUTYL ACRYLATE AND AN A,B-ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC MONOMER SUCH AS METHACRYLIC ACID AND MALEIC ANHYDRIDE CAPABLE OF BEING COAGULATED BY ADJUSTING THE PH OF THE LATEX TO A VALUE RANGING FROM ABOUT 8.8 TO ABOUT 10.1.
20 citations
Patent•
18 Nov 1968TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a partitioning partitioning approach for combining an ORGANIC DIISOCYANATE with a HYDROXY ESTER of an ALPHABETA OLEFINICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACID.
Abstract: A RADIATION-CURABLE, FILM-FORMING PAINT BINDER COMPRISING IN COMBINATION (A) AN ALPHA-BETA OLEFINICALLY UNSATURATED DIURETHANE AND (B) AN ALPHA-BETA OLEFINICALLY UNSATURATED SILOXANE. THE FORMER IS FORMED BY REACTING AN ORGANIC DIISOCYANATE WITH A HYDROXY ESTER OF AN ALPHABETA OLEFINICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACID. THE LATTER IS FORMED BY REACTING SUCH AN ESTER WITH A SILOXANE HAVING AT LEAST TWO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS SELECTED FROM HYDROXYL GROUPS AND HYDROCARBONOXYL GROUPS. THE PREFERRED HYDROXYL BEARING ESTERS ARE MONOHYDROXY ESTERS OF ACRYLIC OR METHACRYLIC ACID. CINAMATES AND CROTONATES MAY ALSO BE USED. THE ABOVE REFERRED TO COMBINATION IN SOME EMBODIMENTS IS OF A SUITABLE VISCOSITY FOR UNDILUTED APPLICATION TO A SUBSTRATE. IN OTHER EMBODIMENTS, THE COMBINATION IS APPLIED IN SOLUTION WITH VINYL MONOMERS AND/OR OLEFINICALLY UNSATURATED ORGANIC RESINS AND/OR VOLATILE SOLVENTS WHICH CAN BE FLASHED OFF PRIOR TO CURING. THE BINDER SOLUTION IS APPLIED TO A SUBSTRATE AS A LIQUID FILMAND CROSSLINKED THEREON BY AN ELECTRON BEAM.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study of the radicals produced during ultra-violet irradiation of methacrylic acid crystals at temperatures below −20°C was made, and it was concluded that reaction is restricted to specific sites in imperfect regions of the crystals in which there is adequate molecular mobility.
Patent•
22 Mar 1968
TL;DR: The USUally LIQUID INTERMEDIATE POLYHYDROXY POLYMER has an average of at least 1.8 PREDOMINANT, TERMINAL, ALLYLIC, ETHYLENICally UNSATURATED ACYLOXY or ESTER GROUPS.
Abstract: POLYMERIZABLE POLYDIENE ETHYLENICALLY-UNSATURATED ESTERS HAVING AT LEAST ABOUT ONE TERMINAL, ETHYLENICALLYUNSATURATED ACYLOXY GROUP ARE OBTAINED BY ESTERIFYING CERTAIN INTERMEDIATE POLYHYDROXY POLYMERS WITH AN ACYL COMPOUND, REACTIVE WITH HYDROXYL TO FORM AN ESTER, AND HAVING ITS ACYL GROUP ETHYLENICALLY-UNSATURATED, SUCH AS ACRYLIC, CROTONIC OR METHACRYLIC ACID. THE USUALLY LIQUID INTERMEDIATE POLYHYDROXY POLYMER HAS AN AVERAGE OF AT LEAST ABOUT 1.8 PREDOMINANTLY PRIMARY, TERMINAL, ALLYLIC HYDROXYL GROUPS PER MOLECULE AND IS AN ADDITION POLYMER CONTAINING 0 TO ABOUT 75% BY WEIGHT OF THE RESIDUE OF AN ALPHA-MONOOLEFIN, SUCH AS STYRENE, AND 25 TO 100% OF THE RESIDUE OF A 1,3-DIENE, SUCH AS BUTADIENE, THE INTERMEDIATE POLYHYDROXY POLYMER HAVING A VISCOSITY AT 30* C. OF ABOUT 5-20,000 POISES, HAVING THE MAJORITY OF ITS UNSATURATION IN THE MAIN CARBON DHAIN, AND A NUMBER AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF ABOUT 400 TO 25000. THESE USUALLY LIQUID POLYDIENE ETHYLENICALLY-UNSATURATED ESTERS CONTAIN TERMINAL, ALLYLIC, ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED ACYLOXY OR ESTER GROUPS AND ARE CAPABLE OF FURTHER POLYMERIZATION THROUGH THESE UNSATURATED END GROUPS TO PRODUCE HOMOPOLYMERS AND COPOLYMERS WITH POLYMERIZABLE VINYL MONOMERS, SUCH AS STYRENE, RANGING IN PROPERTIES FROM SOFT RUBBERS TO HIGH IMPACT PLASTICS. THESE ETHYLENICALLY-UNSATURATED ESTERS CAN BE USED AS MODIFIERS IN VARIOUS PLASTIC AND OTHER POLY-ESTER COMPOSITIONS TO IMPROVE FLEXIBLILITY, ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES AND HYDROLYTIC STABILITY.
Patent•
07 Mar 1968
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a set of soft-gelatine cappers with increased robustness and increased flexibility, which are provided with a PROTECTIVE COATING COMLPRISING a COPOLYMER of METHACRYLIC ACID and METHYLMETHACryLATE.
Abstract: DESCRIBED ARE SOFT-GELATINE CAPSULES WITH INCREASED THERMOSTABILITY. THE CAPSULES ARE PROVIDED WITH A PROTECTIVE COATING COMLPRISING A COPOLYMER OF METHACRYLIC ACID AND METHYLMETHACRYLATE WHOSE ACID NUMBER IS BETWEEN 180 AND 350 AND WHOSE MOLECULAR WEIGHT IS BETWEEN 110,000 AND 160,000. A SOFTENER SUCH AS DIBUTYLPHTHALATE AND CASTOR OIL MAY BE ADDED. ALSO DESCRIBED IS A PROCESS OF PREPARING THESE CAPSULES.
Patent•
09 Jul 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, a tape has a layer comprising micro-capsular shells containing oily liquid droplets of a fragrance, which are attached to the substrate by means of an adhesive such as copolymers of acrylic acid esters.
Abstract: 1,270,052 Coatings of fragrance-containing microcapsules MINNESOTA MINING & MFG CO 8 July, 1969 [9 July, 1968], No 34445/69 Heading B2E [Also in Division A4] A tape has a layer comprising microcapsular shells containing oily liquid droplets of a fragrance The backing may be of paper, which may be coated, eg with polyethylene or other non-woven web of natural or synthetic fibres, or a film, such as of polyester, polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride The capsules may be attached to the substrate by means of an adhesive such as copolymers of acrylic acid esters of non-tertiary alkyl alcohol with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, acrylamide and methacrylamide The microcapsular shells may be of urea-formaldehyde polymer An adhesive coat may be applied to the other surface
Patent•
25 Nov 1968
TL;DR: A photopolymerizable composition containing monomeric and polymeric esters of an acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid was proposed in this paper.
Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition containing monomeric and polymeric esters of an acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, 50 to 1,000 parts per million of a photopolymerization initiator, 5 to 100 parts per million of polymerization inhibitor, and 0001 percent to 50 percent of an ultraviolet stabilizer precursor which is a phenolic ester
Patent•
15 May 1968
TL;DR: Aqueous colloidal dispersions of methyl methacrylate polymers are prepared by adding 30-150% of the theoretical amount of ammonium hydroxide required to neutralize the polymer defined below to a mixture comprising water; an interpolymer of methyl precrylate and either 1-8 by weight of polymer of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid or from 4-7% of maleic or itaconic acid and, optionallly, a further comonomer; and (where the second order transition temperature of the polymer is above 25 DEG
Abstract: Aqueous colloidal dispersions of methyl methacrylate polymers are prepared by adding 30-150% of the theoretical amount of ammonium hydroxide required to neutralize the polymer defined below to a mixture comprising water; an interpolymer of methyl methacrylate and either 1-8 by weight of polymer of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid or from 4-7% of maleic and/or itaconic acid and, optionallly, a further comonomer; and (where the second order transition temperature of the polymer is above 25 DEG C.) a comminution agent to render the interpolymer water-dispersible, and agitating the mixture at 40-100 DEG C. until the polymer is colloidally dispersed in the water, at least 95% by number of the polymer particles being within the range 0.01 to 0.1 micron in diameter. Optional monomer components of the interpolymer include alkyl acrylates or haloacrylates of 40016 carbon atoms, alkyl methacrylates of 6-16 carbon atoms, styrene, vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride. The comminution agent, which may also serve as a coalescing agent, is a liquid organic compound capable of swelling or dissolving the polymer, and is preferably watermiscible. Suitable comminution agents include alkanols and hydroxyalkanols, diacetone alcohol, furfuryl and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohols, halo-alkanols, acetaldehyde, acetone, glycerol, glycidol, glycols, glycol diacetate, glycol ethers and ether-esters, m-dioxane, p-dioxane, and formic, acetic, butyric, pyruvic and dichloroacetic acids. The dispersions may include additional components, e.g. pigments; pigment extenders such as talc, mica, calcium carbonate or clays; pigment dispersing agents such as potassium tripolyphosphate; antifoam agents; mildew inhibitors; and thickening agents such as casein, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxy ethyl cellulose and carboxy methyl cellulose. The dispersions are suitable for forming coatings or films and for sizing textiles.ALSO:Substrates, e.g. metal or wood, are provided with protective coatings by treating with a composition comprising an aqueous colloidal dispersion of an interpolymer containing units of methyl methacrylate and either 1 to 8% by weight of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid or 4 to 8% by weight of maleic and/or itaconic acid, at least 30 mole % of the acid component being in ammonium salt form and at least 95% by number of the dispersed polymer particles being within the range 0.01 to 0.1 micron in diameter. The interpolymer may also contain other units, e.g. of alkyl acrylates, haloacrylates or methacrylates, styrene, vinyl acetate or vinyl chloride. The required polymer particle size is obtained by a special process for neutralising the parent acid interpolymer (see Division C3), as a result of which the coating composition may contain an organic liquid, preferably water-miscible, e.g. an alkanol, hydroxyalkanol, haloalkanol, diacetone alcohol, furfuryl or tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, acetaldehyde acetone, glycerol, glycidol, a glycol or an ether or ether-ester thereof, glycol diacetate, m- or p-dioxane or formic, acetic, butyric, pyruvic or dichloroacetic acid. Optional components may be included, e.g. pigments; pigment extenders such as talc, mica, calcium carbonate or clays; pigment dispersing agents such as potassium tripolyphosphate; anti foam agents; mildew inhibitors; and thickening agents such as casein, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxy ethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose.
TL;DR: In this article, the catalytic synthesis of methyl methacrylate by the carboxylation reaction of methylacetylene using nickel carbonyl as a catalyst was studied under various conditions.
Abstract: The catalytic synthesis of methyl methacrylate by the carboxylation reaction of methylacetylene using nickel carbonyl as a catalyst was studied under various conditions. The experimental results concerning the effects of the reaction conditions on the reaction rate, the stability (regeneration) of nickel carbonyl, and the product yields suggested the most desirable conditions for the synthesis. It was ascertained that, in the catalytic process, the pressure of carbon monoxide played a very important roles; a high pressure gave a good regeneration of nickel carbonyl, i. e., a high value of 95% in the so-called catalytic level, but the initial reaction rate decreased remarkably with an increase in the pressure, probably in reverse proportion to its second power, or more. A semicontinuous process was much better for the synthesis than a batch process. A good yield of 85% (based on the methylacetylene used) of the total of methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid and a high catalytic level of 95% were obtaine...
TL;DR: In this article, pH and conductometric titrations of two isoionic copolymers of 2-vinylpyridine and methacrylic acid, one containing the acidic component in excess and the other, more of the basic residue, show that a partial zwitterion formation takes place in each copolymer.
TL;DR: In this article, anisotropic electrical conductivity measurements have been used to investigate the structure of poly(methacrylic acid) in aqueous solution at various degrees of neutralization.
Abstract: Diffusion and anisotropic electrical conductivity measurements have been used to investigate the structure of poly(methacrylic acid) in aqueous solution at various degrees of neutralization. Both kinds of measurement indicate that the polyion chain opens from a coiled to an extended configuration as the chain is neutralized. In addition it was found that, at low concentrations, the opening of the chain is a two-step process, whereas at higher concentrations the mechanism involves a single step.
Patent•
07 Mar 1968Patent•
06 Sep 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, allyl chloride is characterized by contact with CARBON MONOXIDE and an AQUEOUS OR ANHYDROUS SOLUTION of ACETIC ACID CONTAINING PALLADIUM at a temperature of about 150*C.
Abstract: ALLYL COMPOUNDS ARE REACTED WITH CARBON MONOXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF A PLATINUM GROUP METAL CATALYST AND A MODIFIER WHICH IS A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT ALKANOIC ACID AND/OR A HYDROHALIC ACID TO PREPARE ALPHA, BETA-UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS HAVING A HIGH CONTENT OF DESIRED METHACRYLIC ACID AND MINOR AMOUNTS OF CROTONIC ACID AS THE MAJOR BY-PRODUCTS. THE CONTACTING IS EFFECTED AT MILD CONDITIONS WITH TEMPERATURES FROM 25* RO 350*C. AND PRESSURES FROM 1 TO ABOUT 1000 ATMOSPHERES AND CAN BE PERFORMED UNDER VAPOR PHASE OF LIQUID PHASE CONDITIONS, THE LATTER BEING PREFERRED. IN A TYPICAL EMBODIMENT, ALLYL CHLORIDE IS CARBONYLATED BY CONTACTING THE COMPOUND WITH CARBON MONOXIDE AND AN AQUEOUS OR ANHYDROUS SOLUTION OF ACETIC ACID CONTAINING PALLADIUM AT A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 150*C. TO PRODUCE METHACRYLIC AND CROTONIC ACIDS OR ANHYDRIDES THEREOF.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of low concentrations of isobutyric acid in methacrylic acid crystals on the radical concentrations and conformations observed during irradiation with ultra-violet light at temperatures below −20°C has been studied.
Patent•
24 Jan 1968
TL;DR: Aqueous latex of an acrylic polymer prepared from a single monomer mixture containing acrylic or methacrylic acid was described in this article, where the latex was prepared by heating an aqueous solution of a catalyst to up to 85 DEG C and then adding 1/3 of the mixture with agitation.
Abstract: An aqueous latex of an acrylic polymer prepared from a single monomer mixture containing acrylic or methacrylic acid an alkyl ester of methacrylic acid or alkyl esters of both acrylic and methacrylic acid contains 25 to 60% by weight of solids which comprise 90 to 97% by volume of polymer particles having an average diameter of 04 to 10 micron and 10 to 3% of polymer particles of average diameter 005 to 01 micron The latex is prepared by (1) heating an aqueous solution of a catalyst to up to 85 DEG C; (2) adding 1/3 of the monomer mixture with agitation; (3) conducting polymerization for at least 15 minutes; (4) adding an aqueous solution of an anionic emulsifier and catalyst and (5) adding the remainder of the monomer mixture over a period of at least 45 minutes The latex may be derived from a monomer mixture comprising (A) 45 to 70% of at least one ester of acrylic acid and a primary alcohol containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, (B) 25 to 55% of at least one ester of methacrylic acid and an alcohol as in (A); and (C) 25 to 5% of acrylic or methacrylic acid In Example I a latex of a quaternary polymer of ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid is produced and in Example II a latex of a terpolymer comprising 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid, the catalyst and emulsifier used in each case being sodium persulphate and dioctyl sodium, sulphosuccinate respectively On completion of polymerization the pH of the latexes is adjusted to 8 to 10 eg with NH3, NH4OH, KOH or an amine The latexes of the examples are mixed with aqueous pigment slips comprising TiO2, the sodium salt of a condensed sulphonic acid, aliphatic butynediols and octynediols in solution in ethanol, and methyl cellulose, to yield enamels
Patent•
15 Feb 1968
TL;DR: A.G. Anilin et al. as mentioned in this paper described a copolymerization of styrene with 5-95% of esters of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid with C 1-8 alcohols in an aqueous medium in the presence of catalysts and emulsifiers.
Abstract: 1,155,275. Styrene/acrylate and/or methacrylate copolymers. BADISCHE ANILIN- & SODA FABRIK A.G. 28 Oct., 1966 [29 Oct., 1965], No. 48419/66. Heading C3P. Polymer dispersions are produced by copolymerizing styrene with 5-95% of esters of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid with C 1-8 alcohols in an aqueous medium in the presence of catalysts and emulsifiers, 0A01-2% of a protective colloid being gradually added after 20-80/) of the monomers have been copolymerized, and then completing the copolymerization. The esters may be ethyl, n- or tert-butyl, 2-ethylhexyl or cyclohexyl acrylate and/or methyl or butyl methacrylate. The copolymer may also include acrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, methyl vinyl carbinol, or vinyl sulphonic acid. Polyvinyl methyl ether may be present during the polymerization. The protective colloid may be a polyvinyl alcohol, which may be acetalized with n-butyraldehyde and completely hydrolysed, a hydroxyethyl cellulose, an ammoniacal solution of polyacrylic acid or a copolymer of acrylic acid/acrylamide/ acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate. The emulsifier may be the sodium salt of the sulphonated nonyl-phenol/ethylene oxide, ethylene oxide/noctylphenol, sodium vinyl sulphonate or propylene oxide/ethylene oxide. The catalyst may be potassium persulphate.
TL;DR: In this article, the stereochemical identity between the so-called "stereoblock" poly(methyl methacrylate) and the stereocomplex which syndiotactic and isotactic poly(methacrylic acid) form in the ratio 2:1.
Abstract: Acid hydrolysis of a stereoblock poly(methyl methacrylate) sample leads to a mixture of isotactic and syndiotactic poly(methacrylic acid) which can be separated by electrophoresis. The experiment confirms the stereochemical identity between the so-called “stereoblock” poly(methyl methacrylate) and the stereocomplex which syndiotactic and isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) form in the ratio 2:1. A possible mechanism of replica polymerization is suggested to account for this effect.
Patent•
01 May 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, the olefin, carbon monoxide and oxygen are contacted with an alcoholic solution of Group VIII noble metal at a concentration from 0.001 to 1.0 molar, a nitrogen oxide compound, pyridine 1-oxide, at a level from 1.01 to 25 weight percent, and a redox agent, cupric chloride at a ratio from 1 to about 35 weight percent.
Abstract: Esters of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid are produced by the oxidative carbonylation of propylene or ethylene by contacting the olefin, oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of an alcohol, a Group VIII noble metal catalyst and, as a cocatalyst, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic or heterocyclic compound containing an oxide of nitrogen preferably in an aromatic or heterocyclic ring. The oxidation can also be performed in the presence of a redox agent. In a typical embodiment the olefin, carbon monoxide and oxygen are contacted with an alcoholic solution of Group VIII noble metal at a concentration from 0.001 to 1.0 molar, a nitrogen oxide compound, pyridine 1-oxide, at a concentration from 0.01 to 25 weight percent and a redox agent, cupric chloride, at a concentration from 1 to about 35 weight percent. The carbon monoxide partial pressure used is from 10 to about 70 percent of the total pressure which is from 300 to 3,000 p.s.i.g. Under these conditions a substantial portion of the product comprises the desired ester of methacrylic acid.
TL;DR: Graft copolymerization reactions of methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, and lauryl methacrylates and 1,3-butylene dimethacrylate with fibrous cotton cellulose were initiated by the simulaneous irradiation procedure, using 60Co γ-radiation as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Graft copolymerization reactions of methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, and lauryl methacrylates and 1,3-butylene dimethacrylate with fibrous cotton cellulose were initiated by the simul taneous irradiation procedure, using 60Co γ-radiation. The fabric properties of the poly(alkyl methacrylate)—cotton copolymers (methyl, ethyl, butyl, and hexyl) were determined at two degrees of grafting. The flex abrasion resistance of the poly(hexyl methacrylate)—cotton copolymer at 37% add-on of polymer was more than ten-fold that of the cotton fabric control. The flat abrasion resistance of the poly(ethyl methacrylate) —cotton copolymer was ten-fold greater than that of the fabric control. Examination of electron microphotographs of thin sections of the copolymers embedded in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol indicated that layer opening of the fibrous structure occurred during graft copolymerization and that the degree of layering and size of the opening was related to the molecular weight of the monomer being reacted. The radioche...