Showing papers on "Methacrylic acid published in 1969"

Polymerization of adsorbed monolayers

Abstract: Insertion poly(methyl methacrylate) homopolymers and copolymers with methacrylic acid were prepared from the corresponding monomers adsorbed as monolayers on the surface of sodium montmorillonite. The polymerization was carried out with γ-rays or benzoyl peroxide with or without crosslinking agent. Both insertion homopolymers and copolymers are associated in “packets” containing several macromolecules. The architecture of these aggregates is reminiscent of the elementary crystallite of montmorillonite. The aggregates can be dissociated irreversibly into individual macromolecules which display unusual light scattering and viscosity behavior. Only insertion homopolymers or copolymers prepared with benzoyl peroxide and without crosslinking agent follow the usual viscosity molecular weight relationship for linear (poly(methyl methacrylate). Insertion polymers or copolymers prepared with γ-rays display unusual viscosity and light scattering properties irrespectively of the presence of crosslinking agent. A compact two-dimensionally crosslinked architecture is compatible with the properties observed. This hypothesis is confirmed by the hydrodynamic properties of sodium salts of crosslinked insertion copolymers in methanol and in water. The polyelectrolytes appear to be extensively crosslinked and to display an oblate macromolecular conformation upon expansion.

Carboxylic acid latices providing unique thickening and dispersing agents

Abstract: A LATEX COMPOSITION COMPRISING A STABLE AQUEOUS DISPERSION OF A COPOLYMER PREPARED IN AN ACID AQUEOUS MEDIUM BY EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF MONOMERIC MATERIAL CONTAINING FROM ABOUT 20% TO ABOUT 55% BY WEIGHT OF METHACRYLIC ACID, FROM ABOUT 3% TO ABOUT 35% BY WEIGHT OF AN ESTER OF AN ETHOXYLATED ALCOHOL, E.G., AN ESTER OF MALEIC ANHYDRIDE AND DINONYLPHEOXYPOLY(ETHYLENEOXY)ETHANOL, AND A BALANCE COMPRISING AT LEAST 35% BY WEIGHT OF STYRENE BUTADIENE OR MIXTURES THEREOF. THICKENING AGENTS HAVING EXCEPTIONAL THICKENING EFFCIENCY AND POLYMERIC EMULSIFIERS ARE PREPARED FROM THIS LATEX COMPOSITION BY ADJUSTING THE COMPOSITION TO AN ALKALINE PH.

ESR spectra of poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(methyl methacrylate): Reinterpretation of the 9-line spectrum

Abstract: The temperature dependence of the ESR spectra of poly(methacrylic acid) and poly-(methyl methacrylate) γ-irradiated at room temperature was studied between −196°C and +25°C. The conventional 9-line spectrum was observed throughout this range with no significant spectral change, in contrast to the propagating radical ··· CH2°C(CH3)COOR found in methacrylic acid monomer or barium methacrylate dihydrate irradiated at −196°C. In addition, the irradiation of methacrylic acid monomer with a low dose at 0°C gave the same 13-line spectrum as that of the propagating radical obtained by the irradiation at −196°C, while prolonged irradiation at 0°C gave the same conventional 9-line spectrum as that of poly(methacrylic acid) or poly(methyl methacrylate). The conventional 9-line spectrum has a much weaker 4-line component than that of the propagating radical. The difference comes from the surrounding matrix, and the conventional 9-line spectrum is well interpreted by introducing the concept of the distribution of the conformational angle in the irregular polymer matrix. From simulation of the ESR spectrum, it was found that the intensity of the 4-line component is very sensitive to the distribution, and that the observed 9-line spectrum is well reproduced assuming a Gaussian distribution (half-height width of 5–6°) around the most probable conformation which is nearly the same as that of the propagating radical, where the conformational angles of the two CHβ bonds to the half-filled p-orbital are 55° and 65°.

Physiologically acceptible elastomeric article

Abstract: There is provided improved synthetic articles of manufacture which are physiologically acceptable when utilized in warmblooded animals as medical devices. The articles of manufacture comprise extensible substrates coated with poly(acrylic acid) or poly(methacrylic acid).

Acrylic impact resistant modifiers for polyvinyl chloride

Abstract: THIS INVENTION RELATES TO SOLID, THERMOPLASTIC, POLYMERIC PRODUCTS RESULTING FORM THE POLYMERIZATION OF LOWER ALKYL ESTERS OF ACRYLIC AND METHACRYLIC ACID. IT ALSO RELATES TO HIGH IMPACT-RESISTANT MATERIALS WHICH RESULT FROM BLENDS OF SUCH PRODUCTS WITH OTHER POLYMERIC MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY POLYMERS AND COPOLYMERS OF VINYL CHLORIDE. THE COPOLYMERS WHICH ARE USED IN SUCH BLENDS TYPICALLY COMPRISE AT LEAST 80% BY WEIGHT OF A POLYVINYL HALIDE WITH UP TO 20% BY WEIGHT OF ANOTHER MONOVINYLIDENE COMPOUND COPOLYMERIZABLE THEREWITH, SUCH AS VINYL ACETATE, METHYL METHACRYLATE, STYRENE, OR THE LIKE.

Foamable synthetic resin compositions

Abstract: A foamed polymethacrylimide resin having improved creep resistance at high temperature and reduced moisture absorption is obtained by heating a foamable resin composition consisting of (1) a copolymer formed between 47 to 53 percent by weight of methacrylonitrile monomer, 53 to 47 percent by weight of methacrylic acid monomer, and 0.01 to 4 percent, by weight of said monomers, of a metal salt of acrylic or methacrylic acid, and (2) 0.5 to 4 percent, also by weight of the monomers, of a blowing agent mixture of formamide or monomethyl formamide and a monohydric aliphatic alcohol having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the molecule.

Adhesive compositions containing styrene/isobutylene copolymer

Abstract: This invention discloses a new hot-melt, pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprising a primary polymer consisting of a solid, homogeneous and essentially random copolymer of styrene and isobutylene having a number average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 4,000, a heterogeneity index of from about 1.50 to about 2.25 and a styrene content of from about 40 to about 90 weight percent, and a secondary polymer selected from the group consisting of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, a copolymer of ethylene and an alkyl acrylate, a polyvinyl-alkyl ether, a terpolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate and acrylic acid, and a terpolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate and methacrylic acid.

Change with temperature of the ESR spectra of methacrylic acid radicals

Abstract: In order to elucidate the structure of methacrylic acid radicals, the change with observation temperature of the ESR spectrum of free radicals trapped in solid methacrylic acid γ-irradiated at −196°C was studied. Below −80°C, we found a 9-line spectrum, which is similar to the ordinary 9-line spectrum observed in irradiated poly(methacrylic acid) or poly(methyl methacrylate), but which differs in the stronger intensity of the so-called 4-line component. Our 9-line spectrum changes reversibly into a 13-line spectrum above −80°C. With broad-line NMR measurements of methacrylic acid, it was found that there is such an unusual crystalline transition around −30°C that the line width is narrower in the lower-temperature region (phase II) than that in the higher-temperature region (phase I). The change of the ESR spectrum can be interpreted in terms of the exchange of the two β-protons due to the hindered oscillation around the CαCβ bond of the single radical ···CβH2Cα(CH3)COOH if one assumes the gradual change of the hindering potential barrier caused by the crystalline transition and the lower barrier in phase II. The modified Bloch treatment gave the hindering potential barrier to be 7.2 kcal/mole in phase I and 1.5 kcal/mole in phase II. The difference between our 9-line spectrum and the ordinary one with the very weak 4-line component comes from the difference of the surrounding matrix.

Structure and properties of ethylene—methacrylic acid copolymers and their sodium salts: Dielectric and proton magnetic relaxation studies

Abstract: Dielectric and proton magnetic relaxation data have been obtained for an ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (containing about 4 mole% methacrylic acid units) and its 53% ionised sodium salt. The degrees of crystallinity and percentage ionisation of the samples investigated were estimated by infra-red methods. The dielectric results were obtained principally in the frequency range 100 Hz to 10 kHz and at temperatures ranging from 80° to – 120°. A few results are also reported at frequencies down to 0·1 Hz and up to 100 MHz. For the acid copolymer, two dielectric loss regions are observed and these are correlated with the reported mechanical β′- and γa-processes respectively. The partly ionised copolymer exhibits three dielectric relaxation regions which correlate with the mechanical α-, β- and γa-relaxations respectively. In addition, a dielectric peak appears at about —40° in the presence of absorbed water, a result similar to that found in the polyamides. The proton magnetic relaxation results were obtained by pulse methods which yielded the spin-lattice relaxation times T1 (at 30 MHz) and T1p (at kilohertz frequencies) as a function of temperature from −180° to 100°. Two components were generally observed for T1p. For the acid copolymer the β′- and γ-processes have been observed from these results, as well as a lower-temperature (δ) process which has not been detected by the mechanical or dielectric methods. For the sodium salt the γ- and δ-processes are also found, in addition to a high-temperature process in the region of the merged α- and β-processes. The present data are consistent with previous assignments for the β′-, α-, β- and γ-processes. The ‘water’ relaxation appears to involve some rotation of water molecules, or of ionic segments to which water molecules are attached, in the proposed ionic domains. The δ-process is ascribed to the rotations of methyl groups present in the methacrylic acid units.

Novel acrylic monomers their preparation and treatment

Abstract: A NOVEL ACRYLIC MONOMER IS PREPARED BY REACTING A DIOL SUCH AS HO-CH2-C(-CH3)2-CH2-OOC-C(-CH3)2-CH2-OH WITH A ACRYLIC OR METHACRYLIC ACID OR THEIR ANHYDRIDES OR ACID CHLORIDES. THE REACTION PRODUCT IS A MONOMER WHICH MAY BE POLYMERIZED BY SUBJECTING IT TO IONINZING IRRADIATION, ACTINIC LIGHT, OR TO FREE-RADICAL CATALYSTS, AND THE RESULTING POLYMER IS A HARD, MAR-RESISTANT MATERIAL.

Acrylic-siloxane resin paint ii

Abstract: A novel acrylic-siloxane paint binder resin that is crosslinkable with vinyl monomers by exposure to an electron beam is produced in a two step reaction wherein (1) a siloxane having two or more hydroxy or alkoxy functional groups per molecule is reacted with a hydroxy functional copolymer of acrylic monomers, and (2) the siloxane-comprising reaction product of the first reaction step is reacted with a C5 - C12 monohydroxy acrylate, eg, the monoester of a C2 - C8 diol and acrylic or methacrylic acid

Process for preparing a graft-copolymerized cellulose

Abstract: A process for the graft-copolymerization of at least one vinyl monomer on a cellulose, which comprises heating a system consisting of a fibrous cellulose of wood, pulp, cotton, hemp or the like, at least one vinyl monomer such as, for typical example, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, styrene or the like and water, the amount of water being at least 30 times the weight of the cellulose used, in the form of a heterogeneous system, under atmospheric or elevated pressure at a temperature from room temperature to the boiling point of water, in the absence of polymerization initiator and emulsifying agent. This copolymer is formed to semitransparent paper or film-like material by hot press.

Acrylic-siloxane resin paint and painted article

Abstract: A novel acrylic-siloxane paint binder resin that is crosslinkable with vinyl monomers by exposure to an electron beam is produced in a three step reaction wherein (1) a siloxane having two or more hydroxy or alkoxy functional groups per molecule is reacted with a C5 - C12 monohydroxy acrylate, i.e., the monohydroxy ester of a C2 - C8 diol and acrylic or methacrylic acid, (2) the siloxane-acrylate product of the first reaction step is reacted with a mixture of vinyl monomers at least one constituent monomer of which is selected from glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, and (3) the resultant siloxane-acrylate-vinyl monomer copolymer is reacted with a C5 C12 monohydroxy acrylate, i.e., the monohydroxy ester of a C2 C8 diol and acrylic or methacrylic acid.

Inorganic oxide substrate coated with water dispersible ethylene and acrylic-methacrylic copolymer salts with siloxane

Abstract: This invention involves treating an inorganic substrate with an organo-functional siloxane and a water dispersible salt of a copolymer of ethylene and acrylic and/or methacrylic acid. The invention is specifically characterized by the treatment of glass fiber as the substrate and the incorporation of the treated glass fiber in polyolefin molding resins for the purpose of making a reinforced composite.

Process for preparing moldable thermoplastic polymer particles

Abstract: Thermoplastic polymers can be treated directly with an organofunctional silane coupling agent and a resinous copolymer of ethylene and acrylic and/or methacrylic acid so as to enhance their bonding to inorganic oxide substrates thereby providing moldable products with superior physical properties heretofore unattainable.

Tetravinyl-unsaturated resin paint composition and painting process

Abstract: A SUBSTRATE IS COATED WITH A FILM-FORMING COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A UNIQUE TETRAVINYL COMPOUND HAVING A MOLECULAR WEIGHT BELOW ABOUT 350, PREFERABLY IN THE RANGE OF ABOUT 220 TO ABOUT 1,1100, AND AN ALPHABETA OLEFINICALLY UNSATURATED PAINT BINDER RESIN HAVING A MOLECULAR WEIGHT IN EXCESS OF ABOUT 1,000, PREFERABLY IN THE RANGE OF ABOUT 2,000 TO ABOUT 20,000, IS CONVERTED INTO A TENACIOUSLY ADHERING, SOLVENT-RESISTANT, WEAR AND WEATHER-RESISTANT COATING BY EXPOSING THE COATED SUBSTRATE TO IONIZING RADIATION, PREFERABLY IN THE FORM OF AN ELECTRON BEAM. THIS TETRAVINYL COMPOUND IS FORMED BY FIRST REACTING A DIEPOXIDE WITH ACRYLIC ACID AND/OR METHACRYLIC ACID AND SUBSEQUENTLY REACTING THE RESULTANT ESTER CONDENSATION PRODUCT WITH A VINYL UNSATURATED ACYL HALIDE.

Polyvinyl acetal interlayers containing copolymeric additives

Abstract: DISCLOSED HEREIN ARE POLYVINYL ACETAL INTERLAYERS HAVING IMPROVED IMPACT STRENGTH WHICH CONTAIN FROM 0.5 TO 5.0 PARTS PER HUNDRED PARTS OF POLYVINYL ACETAL RESIN (PHR.) OF AN ADDITIVE WHICH IS THE COPOLYMERIZATION PRODUCT OF AT LEAST ONE VINYL ESTER AND AT LEAST ONE ESTER OF ACRYLIC METHACRYLIC ACID.

The relationship between emulsion freeze‐thaw stability and polymer glass transition temperature. I. A study of the polymers and copolymers of methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate

Abstract: Emulsion polymers and copolymers of ethyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate containing varying amounts of methacrylic acid were subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles, following adjustment to a pH of about 9.5 with NH3. The minimum amount of acid required to obtain resistance to freezing and thawing was determined. Values for the glass temperature, (Tg) and minimum film formation temperature (MFT) of the polymer were correlated with the minimum required acid content, indicating that more acid is required as the glass temperature decreases. If a polymer is exceptionally hard so that its particles resist irreversible contact under large forces, it would be expected that little or no acid would be required to obtain freeze-thaw stability. On the other hand, if the polymer particle is so soft (low Tg) as to readily form aggregates, then very high acid amounts would be required. A plot of minimum weight per cent of acid versus Tg or MFT should, therefore, be hyperbolic approaching zero acid at very high Tg values and approaching very high acid levels at very low Tg values. This is indeed the characteristic of the plot of the experimental data.

Preparation of block copolymers of styrene and methacrylic acid

Abstract: A range of block copolymers of styrene and methacrylic acid has been prepared by the suspension method involving migration of a growing radical across a phase boundary. The way in which copolymer composition varies with change in the amount of the two monomers in the reaction mixture has been studied, and explanations are suggested to account for these variations. Two methods, involving calculation from solubility data and thermogravimetric analysis respectively, have been used to give an estimate of the length and composition of the blocks.

Tetravinyl paint composition and painting process

Abstract: A SUBSTRATE IS COATED WITH A FILM-FORMING COMPOSITION COMPRISING UNIQUE TETRAVINYL COMPOUND AND THE COATING IS CONVERTED TO A TENACIOUSLY ADHERING, SOLVENT-RESISTANT, WEAR-AND-WEATHER-RESISTANT COATING BY EXPOSING THE COATED SUBSTRATE TO IONIZING RADIATION, PREFERABLY IN THE FORM OF AN ELECTRON BEAM. THIS TETRAVINYL COMPOUND IS FORMED BY FIRST REACTING A DIEPOXIDE WITH ACRYLIC ACID AND/ OR METHACRYLIC ACID AND SUBSEQUENTLY REACTING THE RESULTANT ESTER CONDENSATION PRODUCT WITH A VINYL UNSATURATED ACYL HALIDE.

Friction reduction by copolymer of n-alkyl methacrylates and methacrylic acid in solution

Abstract: A COPOLYMER OF N-ALKYL METHACRYLATES AND METHACRYLIC ACID WHEREIN THE ALKYL GROUP MAY VARY FORM 14 TO 22 CARBON ATOMS, WHICH WHEN APPLIED IN SOLUTION, REDUCES THE FRICTION OF SOLID SURFACES.

Liquid developers for electrostatic photography

Abstract: A liquid developer for electrostatic photography is prepared by dispersing in a dispersion medium composed essentially of a paraffinic hydrocarbon, an alkylaminoethyl methacrylate-containing polymer; a carboxyl group-containing copolymer or acrylic or methacrylic acid and an ester thereof; a coloring material; and/or a dihydroabietic ester

Thermosetting coating compositions

Abstract: THERMOSETTING COATING COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING A THERMOPLASTIC COPOLYMER (COMPONENT A) CONSISTING OF 15 TO 99% BY WEIGHT OF A MONOMER (I) HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA CH2=C(-R1)-COO-(CH2-CH(-R2)-OOC-(1,2-PHENYLENE)-COO)N- CH2-CH(-R2)-OH WHEREIN R1 IS HYDROGEN, METHYL OR ETHYL, R2 IS HYDROGEN, METHYL OR THE CONBINATION OF HYDROGEN AND METHYL AND A IS 1 TO 3,1 TO 25% BY WEIGHT OF AN A,B-MONOETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACID (MONOMER (II) OF ACRYLIC ACID, METHACRYLIC ACID, ITACONIC ACID OR CROTONC ACID AND 0 TO 89% BY WEIGHT OF AN A,B-MONOETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED COMPOUND (MONOMER (III), COPOLYMERIZABLE WITH THE MONOMERS (I) AND (II) AND AN ALKYLATED AMINOPLAST (COMPONENT (B) WHICH IS A CONDENSATE OF A COMPOUND HAVING ONE OR MORE TRIAZINE RINGS IN ONE MOLECULE, FORMAIDEHYDE AND A SATURATED MONOHYDRIC ALCOHOL HAVING 1 TO 6 CARBON ATOMS, A MIXTURE RATIO OF THE COMPONENT (A) TO THE COMPONENT (B) BEING FROM 60/40 TO 50/10.