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Showing papers on "Methacrylic acid published in 1972"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1972-Polymer
TL;DR: In this article, high molecular weight poly(N -acryloxysuccinimide) and poly( N -methacrylnoxysccinimides) precursors were obtained by radical polymerization of the corresponding monomers, in turn prepared by coupling of acrylic or methacrylic acid with N -hydroxysuccine in the presence of dicyclohexyl carbodiimide.

102 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
N. Grassie1
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated mechanism for the thermal degradation of homopolymers and copolymers of acrylates and methacryls is presented, based on an accumulation of experimental results.
Abstract: The principal degradation reactions which occur in polymethacrylates are depolymerization to monomer and ester decomposition yielding methacrylic acid units in the polymer and liberating the corresponding olefin. The greater the number of β hydrogen atoms in the ester group the greater the tendency towards ester decomposition. There is also a strong tendency to ester decomposition in polyacrylates incorporating large numbers of β hydrogen atoms but the degradation processes which occur in primary esters are much more complex. The mechanisms of all these reactions are discussed. The behaviour of acrylate-methacrylate copolymers throws further light on these basic processes. In the light of an accumulation of experimental results an integrated mechanism for the thermal degradation of homopolymers and copolymers of acrylates and methacrylates is presented.

45 citations


Patent
28 Apr 1972
TL;DR: In this article, stable compositions containing aqueous disperse systems of anionizable material are coacervated by maintaining the pH of the composition at a value below the isoelectric point of the amphoteric polyelectrolyte and a value at which the dispersible material contains anions.
Abstract: Fluid, stable compositions containing aqueous disperse systems of anionizable material, eg, a latex of an organic polymer having carboxylate functionality, and a water-dispersible amphoteric polyelectrolyte, eg, a copolymer of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid, are coacervated by maintaining the pH of the composition at a value below the isoelectric point of the amphoteric polyelectrolyte and a value at which the disperse material contains anions

44 citations


Patent
W Miller1, W Mulvaney1
04 Aug 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an approach to making shaped articles of IMMISICBLE POLYMERS, a coprolymmer of EHYLENE and ACRYLIC and/or METHACRYlIC ACID, which can be readily soluBILIZed at allOW ITS RAPID EXTRACTION IWT WATER.
Abstract: THE INVENTION RELATES TO MAKING SHAPED ARTICLES OF IMMISICBLE POLYMERS USING AS ONE OF THE POLYMERS, A COPOLYMER OF EHYLENE AND ACRYLIC AND/OR METHACRYLIC ACID WHICH CAN BE READILY SOLUBILIZED AT ALLOW ITS RAPID EXTRACTION IWT WATER. THESE MAY ALSO BE ADDED IN AN EXTRACTION AID, SUCH AS GLYCERINE, IN MAKING THE SHAPED ARTICLE. THE WATER EXTRACTED PRODUCT CAN BE A TOW OR WEB OF ULTRA-FINE FIBERS.

41 citations


Patent
06 Nov 1972
TL;DR: In this article, a polymer obtained as a product of radiation-induced polymerization of acrylamide and/or methacrylamides and acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and or alkali metal salts thereof is used to reduce water loss from cement slurries.
Abstract: Water loss from cement slurries is reduced by incorporating within a cement slurry a polymer obtained as a product of radiation-induced polymerization of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide and acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and/or alkali metal salts thereof. The polymerization is preferably carried out in 10-60% aqueous monomer solution with gamma radiation. The aqueous monomer solution preferably contains 25-99% acrylamide and 75-1% sodium acrylate. The polymer can be present in concentration of about 0.001 to about 3.0 weight percent, based on the aqueous phase of the slurry.

38 citations


Patent
07 Dec 1972
TL;DR: In this article, an anti-thrombogenic POLYMER COMPOSITION consisting of WATER-INSOLUBLE CATIONIC COPOLYMERS HAVING MONOMER UNITS COMPRISING (I) HYDROPHILIC COMPONENTS, (II) QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT COMPONENT, (III) HYDOPHOBIC COMPONSENTS, and HEPARIN INTERNALLY Bounded Therein, and having a NEGATIVE STANDARD MEMBRANE POT
Abstract: 1. AN ANTI-THROMBOGENIC POLYMER COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF WATER-INSOLUBLE CATIONIC COPOLYMERS HAVING MONOMER UNITS COMPRISING (I) HYDROPHILIC COMPONENTS, (II) QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPONENTS, (III) HYDROPHOBIC COMPONENTS, AND HEPARIN INTERNALLY BOUND THEREIN, AND HAVING A NEGATIVE STANDARD MEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, SAID MONOMER UNITS CONSTITUTING THE HYDROPHILIC COMPONENTS (I) BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ACRYLIC ACID, METHACRYLIC ACID (MA), A SALT OF MA, AN AMIDE OF MA, AN ALKYLENE GLYCOL ADDUCT OF MA AND VINYLPYRIDINE, THE MONOMER UNITS CONSTITUTING SAID QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT COMPONENTS (ii) BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF DIALKYLDALLYL AMMONIUM HALIDE OR (H2C=C(-R)-COO-(CH2)N-N(-R1)(-R2)-R3)(+) X(-) (WHEREIN N=2 OR 3, R=H OR A HYDROCARBON RADICAL, R1, R2, R3=A HYDROCARBON RADICAL AND X=AN ANIONIC GROUP ABLE TO FORM A SALT WITH AN AMINE NITROGEN, SUCH AS A HALOGEN), AND SAID MONOMER UNITS CONSTITUTING SAID HYDROPHOBIC COMPONENTS BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ACRYLIC ACID ESTER, METHACRYLIC ACID ESTER, ACRYLONITRILE, VINYL ACETATE, VINYL CHLORIDE, STYRENE, A-METHYL STYRENE, VINYLIDENE DICHLORIDE, ETHYLENE, PROPYLENE AND BUTADIENE, SAID WATER-INSOLUBLE CATIONIC COPOLYMERS CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A PRECENT BY WEIGHT OF SAID HYDROPHILIC COMPONENT (I), (WHERE 30%$A$2%), B PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF SAID QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT COMPONENTS, AND C PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF SAID HYDROPHOBIC COMPONENTS (III) (WHEREIN 40%$C$2% AND 50%$A+C$10%), (WHERE C+A+B=100%).

35 citations


Patent
06 Dec 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a polymerizable mixture comprising an ethylenically unsaturated acid and an oligomer of an allyl-containing ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is useful as thickening and bodying agents when partially or completely neutralized.
Abstract: Polymers of a polymerizable mixture comprising an ethylenically unsaturated acid and an oligomer of an allyl-containing ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid are useful as thickening and bodying agents when partially or completely neutralized.

34 citations


Patent
20 Sep 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, the production of HETEROPOLYMER LATEX PARTICLES wherein the particles consist essentially of a first-stage RUBBERY CROSSLINKED EMULSION POLYMER HAVING A TG BELOW 10* C.
Abstract: PRODUCTION OF HETEROPOLYMER LATEX PARTICLES WHEREIN THE PARTICLES CONSIST ESSENTIALLY OF A FIRST-STAGE RUBBERY CROSSLINKED EMULSION POLYMER HAVING A TG BELOW 10* C. COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE C1 TO C8 ALKYL ACRYLATE AND A GRAFTLINKER AND A SECOND-STAGE THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER HAVING A TG ABOVE ABOUT 60* C. COMPRISING A HARD ALKYL ESTER OF METHACRYLIC ACID GRAFTLINKED TO SAID FIRST-STAGE BY ADDING GRADUALLY A STREAM OF SAID SECOND-STAGE MONOMER TO SAID FIRST-STAGE AND POLYMERIZING RAPIDLY THE SECOND-STAGE MONOMER. THE POLYMER PARTICLES ARE PREFERABLY ISOLATED, DRIED AND CONVERTED INTO FILM USING HEAT AND PRESSURE.

29 citations


Patent
20 Oct 1972
TL;DR: A process for preparing acrylic acid or methacrylic acid which comprises reacting acrolein with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of (a) molybdenum, (b) phosphorus, (c) at least one element selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum and titanium, and (d) oxygen, as the essential components, and(e) a combination of tin, nickel, magnesium, tungsten, bismuth and iron as an optional component as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A process for preparing acrylic acid or methacrylic acid which comprises reacting acrolein or methacrolein with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of (a) molybdenum, (b) phosphorus, (c) at least one element selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum and titanium, and (d) oxygen, as the essential components, and (e) at least one element selected from the group consisting of tin, nickel, magnesium, tungsten, bismuth and iron, as an optional component.

29 citations


Patent
A Walus1
22 Dec 1972
TL;DR: The acrylic polymer is formed by polymerizing the following monomer units to form the backbone segment A methylmethacrylate, an alkyl methacryl or an alylacrylated, a hydroxalkyl acrylate or methacricrylate as mentioned in this paper, a polymerizable carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, to which a side chain segment B is grafted of acrylamide or methacetamide.
Abstract: The aqueous coating composition contains 2-50 percent of a filmforming binder in an aqueous medium and the binder comprises the following components: 1. AN ACRYLIC POLYMER WHICH COMPRISES A GRAFT COPOLYMER HAVING THE GENERAL STRUCTURE A-B where A is the backbone segment and B is the graft segment; the acrylic polymer is formed by polymerizing the following monomer units to form the backbone segment A methylmethacrylate, an alkyl methacrylate or an alkylacrylate, a hydroxalkylacrylate or methacrylate, a polymerizable carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and a grafting site monomer such as allymethacrylate to which a side chain segment B is grafted of acrylamide or methacrylamide and optionally a hydroxyalkylacrylate or a hydroxyalkylmethacrylate; 2. A LINEAR ACRYLIC POLYMER OF METHYL METHACRYLATE, AN ALKYL ACRYLATE OR AN ALKYL METHACRYATE, A HYDROXYALKYL ACRYLATE OR A HYDROXYALKYL METHACRYLATE, AND AN ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACID WHICH IS 75-100 PERCENT NEUTRALIZED WITH AMMONIA OR AN AMINE; AND 3. A WATER-DISPERSIBLE CROSS-LINKING RESIN SUCH AS HEXAKIS(METHOXYMETHYL) MELAMINE; THE NOVEL COATING COMPOSITION FORMS A HIGH QUALITY FINISH FOR AUTOMOBILE AND TRUCK BODIES AND ALSO CAN BE UTILIZED FOR APPLIANCES SUCH AS REFRIGERATORS AND STOVES AND FOR CABINETS AND THE LIKE.

Patent
05 Apr 1972
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied polyacrylates in the form of thin layers which are cured with ionising rays, which are then applied to the base materials, such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
Abstract: Coatings with commercially valuable surface properties are obtained by application of certain polyacrylates, produced by esterification of oxalkylated N,N-heterocycles with acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, on to base materials, the said polyacrylates being applied in the form of thin layers which are cured with ionising rays.

Patent
05 Apr 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, the diacrylates are obtained by a process in which oxalkylated N, N-heterocycles containing once or twice the heterocyclic ring are esterified with acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, or transesterified using acrylic acid ester or methac acrylic acid, and the polymerisates are distinguished by good flexural strength and high transparency.
Abstract: The disclosure covers diacrylic acid ester of the formula: WHEREIN R1, R1'', R3 and R3'' are hydrogen or methyl, R2 and R2'' are hydrogen or phenyl, or R2 and R3 or R2'' and R3'' form a trimethylene or tetramethylene group; m and n are 1 to 30 and A is an organic radical containing at least once the grouping: WHEREIN Z represents a bivalent radical necessary for the completion of a five- or six-membered, unsubstituted or substituted, heterocyclic ring. The compounds are obtained by a process in which oxalkylated N, N-heterocycles containing once or twice the heterocyclic ring are esterified with acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, or transesterified with acrylic acid ester and/or methacrylic acid ester. The new diacrylates are low-viscous liquids, which can be easily processed by virtue of their consistency; and the polymerisates produced therefrom, are distinguished by good flexural strength and high transparency.

Patent
04 Dec 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, the cationic synthetic latex is prepared by copolymerizing by emulsion polymerization a haloalkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid with the other mono-ethylenically unsaturated compound and/or a conjugated diene compound.
Abstract: A process for preparing a latex excellent in adsorbtion to substrates such as pulp, paper and the like, wherein polymer particles which are dispersed in an aqueous medium retain cationic charges in themselves. The cationic synthetic latex is prepared by (1) copolymerizing by emulsion polymerization a haloalkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid with the other mono-ethylenically unsaturated compound and/or a conjugated diene compound in the presence of a nonionic and/or cationic surface active agent, and (2) then reacting a basic nitrogen-containing compound with the copolymer thus obtained to form an ammonium salt thereof.

Patent
01 May 1972
TL;DR: Block copolymers as mentioned in this paper can be prepared by reacting a polyester resin or a polyol with a hydroxyl or carboxyl functional mercaptan and subsequently reacting the mercapto-blocked polyester or polyol in the presence of peroxygen-type or azo-type catalyst, with selected alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s).
Abstract: Block copolymers can be prepared by reacting a polyester resin or a polyol with a hydroxyl or carboxyl functional mercaptan and subsequently reacting the mercapto-blocked polyester or polyol in the presence of peroxygen-type or azo-type catalyst, with selected alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s), such as diacetone acrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, styrene, methyl methacrylate, methacrylonitrile and the like. Such block copolymers provide for coating compositions having physical properties which provide for useful protective and decorative films.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the solid-state transition in styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer was studied by infrared method in the range of 23-170°C from the temperature dependence of the peak absorbances of 1700- and 1745 cm−1 bands, transition at 120°C was detected, and its mechanism was presumed to be associated with the association-dissociation process of intermolecular force between chains.
Abstract: Recently, infrared spectrophotometry has been applied as a useful tool for the investigation of polymer transitions The solid-state transition in styrene–methacrylic acid copolymer was studied by infrared method in the range of 23–170°C From the temperature dependence of the peak absorbances of 1700- and 1745 cm−1 bands, transition at 120°C was detected, and its mechanism was presumed to be associated with the association-dissociation process of intermolecular force between chains, namely with the breakdown of intermolecular hydrogen bonding These results are in good agreement with Andrews’ definition for polymer transitions (or Tg) Thus the transition at 120°C was interpreted by the normal thermodynamic equilibrium consideration

Patent
D Kobayashi, K Kubota, T Ohara, N Shimizu, S Yoshida 
10 Oct 1972
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of using an ACIDIC CATALYST in the presence of an ACRYLIC ACID or METHACrylic ACID and a mixture of water and alcohol.
Abstract: IN THE PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUSLY PREPARING ACRYLIC ACID ESTERS OR METHACRYLIC ACID ESTERS BY REACTING ACRYLIC ACID OR METHACRYLIC ACID WITH AN EXCESS OF EITHER METHANOL OR ETHANOL IN THE LIQUID PHASE IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ACIDIC CATALYST, THE METHOD CHARACTERIZED IN THAT THE ACRYLIC ACID OR METHACRYLIC ACID AND ALCOHOL ARE REACTED IN THE REACTION ZONE AT A MOLAR RATIO OF 1:1.2-5.0 AT A TEMPERATURE OF 40-100*C.; IN HEATING THE RESULTING REACTION PRODUCT IN AN EVAPORATING STILL TO DISTILL OFF THE ACRYLIC ACID ESTER OR METHACRYLIC ACID ESTER, WATER AND ALCOHOL, THE CONCENTRATION OF THE ACRYLIC ACID OR METHACRYLIC ACID OF THE BOTTOM LIQUID INSIDE THE EVAPORATING STILL IS MAINTAINED AT 10-40% BY WEIGHT; AND THE BOTTOM LIQUID IN AN AMOUNT OF AT LEAST 0.4 TIMES BY WEIGHT OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF THE ACRYLIC ACID OR METHACRYLIC ACID AND ALCOHOL FED TO THE REACTION ZONE IS RECYCLED FROM THEEVAPORATING STILL TO THE REACTION ZONE.

Patent
R Swanson1, A Walus1
01 Dec 1972
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an acrylic-epoxy ester graft copolymer that has a backbone of methyl methacrylate, styrene, ethyl acrylate and acrylonitrile or mixtures thereof.
Abstract: The sealer composition contains a polymeric binder dissolved in an organic solvent in which the polymeric binder comprises the following components: A. an acrylic-epoxy ester graft copolymer that has a backbone of methyl methacrylate, styrene, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile or mixtures thereof, contains 1-7% of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid which has been reacted with an alkylene imine and the polymeric side-chain segments of the graft copolymer are epoxy esters of an epoxy resin and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid; and B. an epoxy hydroxy polyether resin; THE NOVEL COMPOSITION FORMS A HIGH QUALITY COATING AND IS PARTICULARLY USEFUL AS A SEALER COMPOSITION FOR AUTOMOBILES AND TRUCKS.

Patent
14 Feb 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture of a POLYACRYRYLIC RESIN with a deterministic deterministic additive additive additive is presented. But the results of the mixing are not available.
Abstract: POLYMER COMPOSITIONS SHOWING SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY FOR GAS AND WATER VAPORS ARE PREPARED THROUGH INTIMATE ADMIXTURE OF A POLYACRYLIC RESIN WITH A POLYETHYLENIMINE IN A WEIGHT RATIO OF FROM ABOUT 5:1 TO ABOUT 2:1 RESPECTIVELY, AND CROSS-LINKING THE RESULTANT MIXTURE. THE POLYACRYLIC RESIN IS PEDOMINANTLY COMPOSED OF MONOMER UNSATURATED MONOMERS SUCH AS ACRYLIC, ACID, METHACRYLIC UNSATURATED MONOMERS SUCH AS ACRYLIC, ACID, METHACRYLIC ACID, ITACONIC ACID, THE ESTERS THEREOF, THE AMIDES THREOF AND THE NITRILES THEREOF. THE POLYETHYLENIMINE CAN BE UNSUBSTITUTED OR SUBSTITUTED ON THE IMINE GROUP BY ALKYL, HYDROXYLALKYL, HYDROXYCHLOROALKYL, HYDROXYSULFOALKYL, EPOXYALKYL, PHENYLALKYL, CYANOALKYL OR CARBAMYL GROUPS. AT LEAST THE POLYETHYLENIMIBNE COMPONENT OF THE COMPOSITION IS CROSS-LINKED, EITHER INTERNALLHY THROUGH THE USE OF AN AGENT SUCH AS ZINC AMMONIUM CARBONATE OR THROUGH ADDITION OF A CROSS-LINKING AGENT SUCH AS AN EPOXIDE.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a number of hydrocarbon polymers, when irradiated with ionizing radiations in the presence of low concentrations of acrylic and methacrylic acid monomers, are found to form crosslinked structures.

Patent
06 Nov 1972
TL;DR: Improved fracturing with water-containing fracturing fluids is obtained by incorporating into the water phase of the fracturing fluid a polymer, preferably water-soluble, obtained as a product of radiation-induced polymerizaton of acrylamide, methacrylamides, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, alkali metal salts thereof or mixtures thereof as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Improved fracturing with water-containing fracturing fluids is obtained by incorporating into the water phase of the fracturing fluid a polymer, preferably water-soluble, obtained as a product of radiation-induced polymerizaton of acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alkali metal salts thereof or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the polymer is a copolymer. The polymerization is preferably carried out in 10-60 percent aqueous monomer solution with gamma radiation. The mixture of monomers, before radiation, preferably contains 25-99 percent acrylamide and 75-1 percent sodium acrylate. Other additives may be incorporated into the fracturing fluid to impart desired properties.

Patent
R Dickson1
24 Mar 1972
TL;DR: In this article, a copolymer of 2/3 methacrylic acid/1/3 ethylacrylate copolymers was used for applying non-permanent soil-release finish to fabrics from dilute solution comprising a polycarboxylate polymer having an acid equivalent weight of from about 110 to 175, and a water-soluble amine.
Abstract: A composition for applying non-permanent soil-release finish to fabrics from dilute solution comprising a polycarboxylate polymer having an acid equivalent weight of from about 110 to 175, and a water-soluble amine. A preferred polycarboxylate polymer is a copolymer of 2/3 methacrylic acid/ 1/3 ethylacrylate. The composition is particularly useful for applying a soil-release finish in the rinse cycle of a home laundry process.

Patent
08 Dec 1972
TL;DR: A heat-sealable copolymer composed of 40-80 weight percent crystalline copolymers of ethylene and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid was proposed in this article.
Abstract: A heat-sealable composition containing 40-80 weight percent crystalline copolymers of ethylene and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid wherein the acid is present in the copolymer in amounts of from 5-15 weight percent, said acid being free of neutralizing metal ions; and 20-45 weight percent of an amorphous elastomeric copolymer of ethylene containing 20-60 weight percent propylene and, optionally, up to 10 weight percent of a nonconjugated diene.

Patent
25 Aug 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a copolymer of two or more C6-C18 alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, including at least one C 6-C12 alkyls ester and at least three C 13-C 18 esters, and a nitrogen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer is described.
Abstract: Lubricating oil composition comprising a major proportion of lubricating oil and, as a dispersant-pour depressant additive, a minor proportion of a copolymer of (a) two or more C6-C18 alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, including at least one C6-C12 alkyl ester and at least one C13-C18 alkyl ester, and (b) a nitrogen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer. The polymeric additives have a number average molecular weight of about 2,000 to about 20,000, a nitrogen content of about 0.2 to about 5 percent by weight, and are prepared from a monomer mixture which initially is essentially free from polymer.

Patent
06 Nov 1972
TL;DR: In this article, a water-soluble polymer is obtained as a product of radiation-induced polymerization of acrylamide and/or methacrylamides and acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and or alkali metal salts thereof.
Abstract: Temporary or permanent permeability reduction or plugging of porous medium to the flow of fluids is effected by treating, preferably by injecting under pressure into the pores, the porous medium with an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble polymer obtained as a product of radiation-induced polymerization of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide and acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and/or alkali metal salts thereof. The polymer has sufficient properties to effect substantial permeability reduction of the porous medium. The polymerization is preferably carried out in 10-60 percent aqueous monomer solution with gamma radiation. A mixture of monomers, before radiation, preferably contain 25-99 percent acrylamide and 75-1 percent sodium acrylate. Permeability can be restored by subsequently treating the porous medium with a chemical to break down the polymer, e.g., hydrazine hypochlorite solution, strong mineral acids, or bases.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the stereoregularity of the grafted copolymers were determined using a 100 MHz NMR spectrometer, and the stereo-regularity of PMAA or PMMA grafted onto viscose rayon or cotton fiber was different from that of the polymers formed in ordinary radical polymerization.
Abstract: Methacrylic acid (MAA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were grafted onto nylon 6, cellulose triacetate, cotton, viscose rayon, and polyester fibers, and the stereoregularities of the grafted polymers were determined. The graft polymerization was carried out with preirradiation techniques using γ-rays from a Co 60 source. The grafted copolymers were then separated from the homopolymers by Soxhlet extraction. The grafted (branch) polymers were isolated from the trunk polymers by acid hydrolysis and their stereoregularity was determined with a 100 MHz NMR spectrometer. The stereo-regularity of PMAA or PMMA grafted onto viscose rayon or cotton fiber was different from that of the polymers formed in ordinary radical polymerization.

Patent
06 Jan 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a procedure for in-hiberting a POLYMERIZABLE UNSATURATED ACID SUCH as ACRYLIC ACID is described.
Abstract: A PROCESS IS PROVIDED FOR INHIBITING POLYMERIZATION OF A POLYMERIzABLE UNSATURATED ACID SUCH AS ACRYLIC ACID, AND A PROCESS FOR STABILIZING DISTILLATION OF A POLYMERIZABLE UNSATURATED ACID SUCH AS ACRYLIC ACID, USING A COMBINATION OF POLYMERIZATION INHIBITORS, I.E., BENZOQUINONE AND HYDROQUINONE MONOMETHYL ETHER AND PREFERABLY WITH AIR (OR OXYGEN) PRESENT IN SPECIFIED AMOUNTS. THE PROCESS IS ALSO USEFUL WITH OTHER ACIDS SUCH AS METHACRYLIC ACID.

Patent
25 Oct 1972
TL;DR: In this article, high per pass conversions to acrylonitrile and acrylic acid were achieved by reacting propylene or isobutylene with molecular oxygen and about 0.1 to 0.9 moles of ammonia per mole of olefin in the presence of two catalysts.
Abstract: High per pass conversions to acrylonitrile and acrylic acid or methacrylonitrile and methacrylic acid and desirable commercial flexibility are realized by reacting propylene or isobutylene with molecular oxygen and about 0.1 to about 0.9 moles of ammonia per mole of olefin in the presence of two catalysts. The first catalyst is an ammoxidation catalyst, and the second catalyst is an oxidation catalyst.