Showing papers on "Methacrylic acid published in 1976"

A crystallographic study of polymers exhibiting side-chain crystallization

Abstract: Fibers were drawn from polymers of octadecyl acrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, N-octadecylacrylamide, and a series of N-substituted acrylamides with a second amide group in the side chain as well as from copolymers of octadecyl and methyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid. Wide-angle and small-angle x-ray diffraction patterns were recorded for these materials. The interpretation of the characteristic difference between the behavior of the polycrylates and polymethacrylates, as proposed by Plate and his collaborators, is found to be inconsistent with a number of features of the experimental evidence. In the case of poly(octadecyl methacrylate) the data allow the estimation of two parameters of the electron density distribution in the side-chain crystallites. With polyacrylamide derivatives, a second amide group in the side chain is found to destabilize the side chain crystallites. The bahavior of the copolymers is very complex and exhibits, in one case, evidence for a long periodicity parallel to the fiber axis.

Carbamoyloxy acrylate compounds

Abstract: Unsaturated carbamoyloxy carboxylates having low color are produced by reacting hydroxyalkyl carbamates such as N-methyl 2-hydroxyethyl carbamate with acrylic or methacrylic acid in contact with a lower alkoxy substituted phenolic or alkylated alkoxyphenolic polymerization inhibitor at a critical low reaction temperature of 40° C. to 80° C. Novel unsaturated carbamoyloxy carboxylates are also disclosed.

Method for inhibiting scale

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to a method for using a new improved composition for inhibiting or preventing accumulation of scale or the like on heating surfaces in an aqueous system. The present composition includes (A) copolymers of styrene sulfonic acid with acrylic or methacrylic acid, and their water-soluble salts; or (B) mixture of polystyrene sulfonic acid with polyacrylic or polymethacrylic acid, and their water-soluble salts.

Heat sealable thermoplastic films

Abstract: A coating composition to improve the physical characteristics of thermoplastic films, such as oriented polypropylene, comprising (1) an acrylic terpolymer of methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid; and (2) an aqueous-alkali soluble rosin, comprising an adduct of rosin with an alpha-beta unsaturated dicarboxylic acid esterified with a polyhydric alcohol.

One-liquid cold setting adhesive with encapsulated catalyst initiator

Abstract: A one-liquid cold setting adhesive comprising a thermoplastic, non-reactive polyurethane polymer dissolved in an addition-polymerizable combination of an acrylic or methacrylic monomer other than the acids, a copolymerizable monomer containing at least one free carboxylic group, a non-activated free radical addition polymerization catalyst system and an activator for the free radical catalyst system encapsulated in pressure-rupturable microspheres or beads having a composition which is substantially insoluble in the presence of the other components of the mixture for a relatively long time period. Exemplary of this adhesive formulation is a polyester polyurethane containing no free isocyanate groups dissolved in a mixture of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate, each of the three components being present in equal amounts. Included in the mix is benzoyl peroxide and hydroquinone. To this mix are added formaldehyde crosslinked gelatin microspheres having encapsulated therein an amine activator for the benzoyl peroxide. The resulant mixture has a long storage life; but when the microspheres are ruptured, the peroxide becomes activated and the adhesive bond-forming reaction takes place.

Hydrophilic N,N-diethyl acrylamide copolymers

Abstract: There is disclosed a hydrophilic gel suitable for exposure to repeated long-term contact with live tissues or mucous membranes and consisting of macromolecules obtained by polymerizing a mixture of at least two copolymerizable units and a crosslinking agent. The mixture consists of from 52 to 99.5 parts by weight of N,N-diethylacrylamide, 43 to 0.1 parts by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of N,N-dialkyl acrylamide, N-alkyl methacrylamide, nitriles of acrylic and methacrylic acids and from 5 to 0.4 parts by of a divinylic monomer selected from the group consisting of diesters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and methylene or ethylene-bis-methacrylamide or acrylamide.

Process for producing low color residue acrylate esters

Abstract: Low color residue acrylate esters are produced by reacting an organic polyol such as neopentyl glycol, pentaerythritol, or 3'-hydroxy-2',2'-dimethylpropyl 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropionate with acrylic or methacrylic acid in contact with a lower alkoxy substituted phenolic or alkylated alkoxyphenolic polymerization inhibitor at a critical low reaction temperature of from 20° C. to 80° C.

Aqueous polyurethane emulsions

Abstract: A method comprising I. reacting isocyanate groups in an organic polyisocyanate by anhydrous reaction with a chemically equivalent amount of primary hydroxyl-containing material, at least about 50 mole % of which material is one or a mixture of A. allyl alcohol, or B. at least one C 2-4 hydroxyalkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid, to form a water-resistant adduct of said polyisocyanate with said material, and Ii. intimately dispersing said adduct, in the form of a water insoluble liquid phase, into an aqueous liquid medium containing A. an anionic or cationic oil-in-water functioning emulsifying agent, in the presence of B. an aliphatic hydrocarbon or hydrocarbyl alcohol which is inert, non-volatile, water insoluble, liquid, and contains a terminal aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of at least about 8 carbon atoms; homogenizing the resulting crude emulsion to reduce the average size of the dispersed phase particles to below 0.5 μ; polymerizing the dispersed polyurethane particles in the resulting stable emulsion at suitable temperatures; coating substrates with the emulsions; the adducts, emulsions and coated substrates so produced.

Acrylate adhesive aqueous dispersions

Abstract: An aqueous adhesive composition having pH of about 8 to 10 containing from about 25 to 75% by weight of water, the water having dispersed therein: A from about 25 to 75% by weight of the composition, of a water-insoluble linear polymer of interpolymerized monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in amounts by weight based on the linear polymer: (1) from about 50 to 99% of an acrylic ester monomer of the formula ##STR1## or a mixture thereof, where R is H or methyl and R 2 is lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, (2) from about 01 to 10% of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, (3) from about 01 to about 10% of a nitrogen containing monomer selected from the group consisting essentially of vinyl amines and salts thereof, vinyl ureido monomers, vinyl compounds having heterocyclic nitrogen containing groups, and mixtures thereof, and B 0001 to 2% of a silane containing both alkoxy and epoxy functionalities

Fluid absorbent cellulose fibers containing alkaline salts of polymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or an acryloamidoalkane sulfonic acid with aliphatic esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid

Abstract: An alloyed cellulosic fiber containing an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of a copolymer or terpolymer of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and an aliphatic ester of at least one of the acids is prepared by a process wherein the copolymer or terpolymer is mixed with a viscose solution and the mixture is extruded through a spinneret into a conventional spin bath and processed into staple fibers which are adapted to be used in absorbent articles and the like. The alloyed cellulosic fiber of the invention has increased fluid absorbency characteristics over the fibers of the same cellulose composition without the alloying material. An unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid such as maleic acid or anhydride may be incorporated in the copolymer or terpolymer. Also, a copolymer or terpolymer of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and an aliphatic ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid may contain radicals obtained from acryloamidoalkane sulfonic acid or an unsaturated phosphorous acid.

Anti-soiling treatment for carpets and carpet yarns

Abstract: Soiling resistance and soil release of carpets are improved by coating the carpets or carpet yarns prior to carpet manufacture with a polymeric material containing either (A) a blend of a methacrylic acid emulsion copolymer and an epoxy resin or (B) a methacrylic acid emulsion copolymer having epoxy monomer units therein. The copolymer in either case contains 40-75% by weight methacrylic acid and the glass transition temperature of cured coatings of the polymeric material is at least 50° C.

Functional polymers. II. Preparation and polymerization of methyl 5-vinylsalicylate, methyl 5-vinylacetylsalicylate, 5-vinylsalicylic acid, and 5-vinylacetylsalicylic acid†‡§

Abstract: Four new derivatives of 5-vinylsalicylic acid were prepared and their homopolymerization and copolymerization with acrylic acid and methacrylic acid investigated. Methyl 5-vinylsalicylate was prepared in a six-step synthesis from methyl salicylate in an overall yield of 35%. Acetylation in the last step yielded methyl 5-vinylacetylsalicylate. Hydrolysis of methyl 5-vinylsalicylate gave 5-vinylsalicylic acid which was acetylated to 5-vinylacetylsalicylic acid (5-vinyl aspirin). The 5-vinyl-substituted salicylic acid derivatives could be readily homopolymerized and copolymerized with acrylic acid and methacrylic acid to give various compositions of copolymers. It is worth noting that even the monomers with free phenol groups could be readily polymerized with azobisisobutyronitrile as radical initiator to high molecular weight polymers without interference of the phenolic OH group.

Crosslinkable urethane resins containing vinyl and carboxyl groups

Abstract: A crosslinkable, especially photopolymerizable urethane resin soluble in organic solvent, suitable as starting materials for photoresist lacquers and for the production of photopolymer printing plates comprising a reaction product of a polyepoxide having more than one 1,2-epoxide group per molecule with acrylic and/or methacrylic acid so that from 60 to 100 mole % of the 1,2-epoxide groups are converted into β-hydroxy acrylic or methacrylic ester groups; 30 to 90 mole % of said β-hydroxy ester groups having been reacted with an isocyanate and subsequently 10 to 70 mole % of said β-hydroxy ester groups having been converted into acid semiester groups with a cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydride.

Soil sealing method

Abstract: There is disclosed a composition which is useful, when added to soil, in containing water, said composition containing bentonite and a particular type of water-soluble polymer, the purpose of the water-soluble polymer being to decrease the amount of bentonite necessary to form a water containing enclosure made of soil. The amount of bentonite necessary in the present invention is at least 50% and, most often, 60% less than is necessary when no water-soluble polymer is present. The water-soluble polymer is preferably polyacrylic acid, water-soluble salts of polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, water-soluble salts thereof, and acylic copolymers formed from either acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. The invention also includes a method for containing water which includes admixing an effective amount of bentonite and water-soluble polymer with soil and forming a water-containing enclosure from said mixture.

Hydrophilic contact lens

Abstract: Contact lens of a hydrogel composition containing a physiologically acceptable aqueous solution and water-insoluble but water-swellable polymer composition from a polymerizable mixture containing: (1) polymerizable monoester of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid and polyhydric alcohol; (2) an alkyl acrylate and/or alkyl methacrylate and/or vinyl ester; (3) heterocyclic N-vinyl compound containing carbonyl functionality adjacent to nitrogen in the ring; (4) divinyl benzene and/or divinyl toluene.

Aqueous acrylate-epoxy silane crosslinker adhesive dispersion composition

Abstract: An adhesive composition which comprises, for each 100 parts by weight thereof, an aqueous dispersion having pH of about 8 to 12 of the following components dispersed in 25 to 75 parts of water: A. from 25 to 75 parts by weight of water insoluble linear polymer containing the following interpolymerized unsaturated monomers in parts by weight based on the weight of the polymer: 1. at least 50 parts and up to 99 parts of an acrylate monomer containing from about 4 to 27 carbon atoms selected from alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, and mixtures thereof: 2. from about 0.1 to 10 parts of a nitrogen monomer selected from vinyl amines and salts thereof; vinyl ureido monomers; vinyl compounds having heterocyclic nitrogen containing groups and halogen, hydroxyalkyl or aminoalkyl substituted derivatives thereof; amino and loweralkyl amino loweralkyl acrylates and methacrylates; and mixtures thereof; 3. from about 0.1 to 25 parts of an acid selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof; B. from a small but effective amount to effect cross-linking of the polymer to 5 parts of a silane containing both alkoxy and epoxy functionalities.

Hardenable coating compositions

Abstract: of the Disclosure A coating composition comprising as binder a reaction pro-duct of a polyepoxide with more than one 1,2-epoxide group per molecule, wherein its epoxide groups have been reacted a) with 0.01 to 0.5 NH-equivalents, based on one epoxide equivalent, of ammonia or of an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic primary or secondary amine or of an amino carboxylic acid or of a mixture of the aforementioned nitrogen compounds; and subsequently b) with 0.40 to 0.90 carboxyl equivalents, based on one epoxide equivalent, of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or of a mixture of acrylic and methacrylic acid; and finally c) with 0.09 to 0.50 carboxyl equivalents, based on one epoxide group, of a saturated aliphatic, a cycloaliphatic or an aromatic carboxylic acid, so that at least 80 % of the epoxide groups originally present have been reacted through these three component stages. The binder may be used alone or together with additional mono-mers by radicals forming compounds or preferably by photo-polymerization in the presence of a photoinitiator.

Hydrogel contact lens

Abstract: Contact lens of a hydrogel composition containing a physiologically acceptable aqueous solution and water-insoluble but water-swellable polymer composition from: (A) a water-soluble polymer of a heterocyclic N-vinyl polymerizable compound containing carbonyl functionality adjacent to nitrogen in the ring; and (B) a polymerizable mixture containing: (1) polymerizable monoester of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid and polyhydric alcohol; (2) an alkyl acrylate and/or alkyl methacrylate and/or vinyl ester; (3) divinyl benzene and/or divinyl toluene.

Flexible packaging films of high density polyethylene capable of forming easily openable heatseals

Abstract: Flexible packaging films of high density polyethylene capable of forming easily openable heatseals can be made by coextruding a layer of the high density polyethylene adjacent to a layer of a blend of an ionomer and a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate or an ester of acrylic and or methacrylic acid. Packages made from the films by forming a blend-to-blend heatseal can be opened by a force between one and five pounds per inch width.

Process for the photopolymerization of acrylic acid ester-containing compositions

Abstract: An improved process for the photopolymerization of compositions including photopolymerizable acrylic or methacrylic acid esters and an initiator (e.g., a benzoin compound) is disclosed. The addition of 0.1 to 20 weight percent (based on the amount of polymerizable material) of an organic phosphite substantially reduces the polymerization time of the resulting composition.

Process for preparing methacrylic acid

Abstract: In a process for preparing methacrylic acid by the vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein or a methacrolein-containing mixture with molecular oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst; the improvement wherein said process comprises a first-stage oxidation step of oxidizing methacrolein or a methacrolein-containing mixture as a starting material, a first-stage separating step of separating the resulting methacrylic acid from the reaction product obtained in the first-stage oxidation step, a second-stage oxidation step of oxidizing the mixture containing the unreacted methacrolein and obtained in the first-stage separating step, and a second-stage separating step of separating the resulting methacrylic acid from the reaction product obtained in the second-stage oxidation step, and with or without at least one additional oxidation step and separating step subsequent to the second-stage separating step, and wherein the conversion of methacrolein in the first-stage oxidation step is adjusted to 30-85 mole % and the final conversion of methacrolein is adjusted to at least 90 mole %.

Coating compositions from dicyclopentenyl acrylate and/or methacrylate

Abstract: This invention is concerned with coating compositions comprising an unsaturated polyol/polycarboxylic acid alkyd or polyester condensate resin (including drying oil-modified alkyd), the polycarboxylic acid or anhydride precursor(s) of which alkyd may be aromatic, aliphatic, or both. In one preferred embodiment Type A, the polyacid is predominantly or exclusively aliphatic and in another Type B, it is predominantly or exclusively aromatic in character. The alkyd or polyester is carried (dissolved) predominantly or exclusively in a substantially non-volatile reactive liquid consisting essentially of a) dicyclopentenyl acrylate or methacrylate or mixtures thereof or of b) a mixture of such (meth)acrylate with one or more alkyl or alkenyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid in which the alkyl and/or alkenyl group contains 10 to 20 carbon atoms. The compositions also contain a polyvalent metal-containing drier or siccative; optionally a volatile agent for inhibiting the action of the drier, i.e., a fugitive stabilizer; they may also contain pigments, rheology control agents, pigment-dispersing agents, and other components.

Emulsifiers useful for emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomers

Abstract: In the emulsion polymerization of polymers which comprise monomers selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alkyl esters of those acids and which may also comprise other compatible vinyl monomers such as styrene, vinyl acetate, N-methylolacrylamide, acrylonitrile, itaconic acid and the like, the emulsifier for the emulsion polymerization is a surface-active agent having the formula ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## is the acyl radical of a fatty acid having 7 to 21 carbon atoms and M is selected from ammonium, the alkali metals, and certain alkaline earth metals, and x is 1 to 3.

The conformational transition in poly(methacrylic acid) and butyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers studied by 1H NMR linewidth measurements

Abstract: Linewidth measurements on the 1H NMR spectra of D2O solutions of poly(methacrylic acid), (PMA), and the hydrolyzed form of butyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer show a sharp decrease in the linewidths of side chain resonances at a degree of neutralization α ≈ 0,2. This is the region in which potentiometric titrations previously have shown a conformational transition to occur. Such a change does not occur in poly(acrylic acid) on the one hand and methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer on the other. The nature of the transition is discussed in terms of the freedom of rotation of the side chains about the main chain. Messungen der Linienbreite in den 1H NMR-Spektren von D2O Losungen von Polymethacrylsaure (PMA) und von hydrolysiertem Butylvinylather/Maleinsaureanhydrid Copolymer zeigen eine scharfe Abnahme der Linienbreite der Seitenkettenresonanzsignale bei einem Neutralisationsgrad α ≈ 0,2. Dies ist der Bereich, in dem schon fruher potentiometrische Titrationen einen Konformationsubergang aufzeigten. Ein solcher Wechsel tritt weder bei der Polyacrylsaure noch beim Methylvinylather/Maleinsaureanhydrid Copolymer auf. Die Art des Konformationsubergangs wird auf der Grundlage der Rotationsfreiheit der Seitenketten um die Hauptkette diskutiert.

Fire retardant polymeric additives

Abstract: A fire retardant additive comprising particles of a polymer of: 1. at least one halogen-containing alpha, betaethylenically unsaturated monomer; 2. at least one bis(hydrocarbyl)vinyl phosphonate having the structure: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, aryl, C 1 -C 18 alkyl and ##STR2## wherein R and R' are hydrocarbyl and substituted hydrocarbyl groups which can be the same, different or conjoint; and, 3. at least one third comonomer selected from the group consisting of alpha olefins, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids, C 1 -C 20 alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, the corresponding anhydrides thereof and the C 1 -C 20 mono and dialkyl esters thereof, amides of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and the N-methylol and diacetone derivatives thereof, vinyl aryl compounds, C 1 -C 20 alkyl vinyl ethers, aliphatic dienes and glycidyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid. The polymers of the present invention are useful as fire retardant additives for coatings, adhesives, binders, impregnants, laminants, paint bases, other polymers and the like.

Lignosulfonate-based graft polymers their preparation and uses

Abstract: OF INVENTION The present invention relates to new graft polymers obtained from lignosulfonate and d monomer selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof at a pH between 1.5 to 4 in the presence of an initiator. The new graft polymers have been found to be very useful as soil conditioners and as binding reagents for agglomerating single particles of particulate materials. The graft polymers according to the invention are obtained in the form of an aqueous solution, which may be transformed into a powder by spray drying. As soil conditioners they may be applied by spraying, alone or admixed with fertilizers or pesticides and also combined with the operation of planting and soil stabilization.

Coated polyester film assembly with a primer layer

Abstract: Polyester films are primed with copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid esters, glycidyl acrylate or methacrylate, and acrylonitrile, optionally with an acrylic or methacrylic comonomer having a functional hydrophilic group, e.g. hydroxyethyl methacrylate. When the priming polymer contains less than 20 mole % of acrylonitrile as comonomer it is preferably cross-linked with an agent such as a melamine formaldehyde condensate.

Prebaking treatment for resist mask composition and mask making process using same

Abstract: Polymethyl methacrylate methacrylic acid (P[MMA/MAA]) copolymer powder is prebaked above 200° C. The prebaked powder is dissolved in a suitable casting solvent. The insoluble material produced during prebaking is removed by filtration. Then the solution remaining is applied to a substrate, post-baked at a temperature less than or equal to the prebaking temperature to drive off the solvent, exposed to electron beam radiation, and developed in a developing solvent.

Catalytic process for the preparation of unsaturated carboxylic acids

Abstract: The gas phase catalytic oxidation of an unsaturated aldehyde with molecular oxygen at 240° to 390° C to give the corresponding unsaturated carboxylic acid is conducted in the presence of a catalyst represented by the following formula: P.sub.a Mo.sub.b As.sub.c X.sub.d Y.sub.e Z.sub.f O.sub.g wherein a, b, c, d, e, f and g represent the atomic ratio of each component and a is 0.03 to 0.2, b is 1, c is 0.015 to 0.15, d is 0.003 to 1, e is 0.003 to 0.417, f is 0.003 to 1, and g is a value determined by the valencies of the elements present in the catalyst; and wherein X is copper, vanadium or mixtures thereof Y is at least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, and Z is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, calcium, titanium, zirconium, silver, antimony, tellurium, barium, tantalum and silicon. This catalyst is especially effective for the preparation of methacrylic acid from methacrolein, and has a very long lifetime.