Showing papers on "Methacrylic acid published in 1978"

Acrylic hair setting resins having high resistance to moisture and rapid removability from the hair with shampoo

Abstract: Acrylic polymer solutions having superior properties when used as hair setting or holding resins are disclosed. Specific polymers disclosed are derived from (1) alkyl acrylates with 2-8 carbon alkyl groups, (2) methyl methacrylate, (3) hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and (4) methacrylic acid in proportions yielding a film forming resin readily soluble in shampoo, with a Tg between about 40° C. and 80° C., a molecular weight between about 25,000 and 250,000 and not more than 50 ppm of unreacted alkyl acrylate monomer.

Solvent effect on the formation of poly(methacrylic acid)-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) complex through hydrogen bonding

Abstract: An interpolymer complex can be obtained by mixing the solutions of poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone). Three phase changes were observed on increasing the initial polymer concentration: namely, a homogeneous solution, a precipitate, and a gel. Such interpolymer complex formations were examined in several protic and aprotic solvents. The obvious relationship between the complex formation and the dielectric constant of the solvent was eludicated. The effect of hydrophobic interactions on the complex formation was also discussed as well as the role of the α-methyl group of poly(methacrylic acid).

Radiation cured, high temperature adhesive composition

Abstract: A cured adhesive composition possessing excellent cohesive strength at high temperatures along with excellent adhesion, shear strength and solvent resistance is prepared by the radiation initiated curing of an adhesive composition comprising a monoalkenyl arene/conjugated diene block copolymer, tackifying resin and a di-to-tetra-functional acrylate or methacrylate selected from the group consisting of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters of polyols.

High temperature adhesive made by exposure to radiation

Abstract: A cured adhesive composition possessing excellent cohesive strength at high temperatures along with excellent shear strength and solvent resistance is prepared by the electron beam initiated curing of an adhesive composition comprising selectively hydrogenated monoalkenyl arene/conjugated diene block copolymer component, tackifying resin and a di-to-tetra-functional acrylate or methacrylate selected from the group consisting of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters of polyols.

Polythiol effect curable polymeric composition

Abstract: Curable composition characterizing by its containing (1) 10 to 97% by weight of a material chosen from the group consisting of C--C unsaturated polymers exemplified by monoalkenyl aromatic diene copolymers, halogen substituted butadienes, acrylonitriles and acrylurethanes and C--C saturated polymeric binders such as the polyvinylpyrolidones, cellulose acetate butyrates and cellulose acetate succinates; (2) at least 1% by weight of material (1) of at least one monomer substantially compatible with material (1) and having at least one cross-linkable C--C double bond; (3) 0.1 to 35% by weight of material (1) of thiol exemplified by polythiols; and optionally (4) a curing agent. The disclosure is directed primarily at printing plate production with a composition containing 0.01 to 10% by weight of material (1) of a photoinitiator and a monomer that is an addition photopolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated acrylic or methacrylic acid ester containing two or more acrylate or methacrylate groups per molecule or mixtures thereof. In an alternate form low molecular weight liquid rubber polymer may be included in the composition. Other materials such as stabilizers may also be present.

Polymer-stabilized free liquid films

Abstract: The equilibrium thicknesses and drainage have been measured of free liquid films, stabilized only by poly(vinylalcohol)(PVA) or partially esterified poly(methacrylic acid)(PMA-pe). The equilibrium thickness of PVA-films considerably exceeds twice the ellipsometric or the hydrodynamic thickness of one adsorbed layer. This is attributed to the dominant steric repulsion of isolated tails, a conclusion that is substantiated by theoretical arguments. The change in drainage behaviour of PMA-pe films as a function of pH correlates well with the conformational transition that this polyelectrolyte undergoes in the bulk and in the adsorbed state.

Manufacture of polymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid

Abstract: An improved process for the production of polymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid by polymerizing acrylic acid or methacrylic acid in isopropanol or in a water-isopropanol mixture containing at least 40% by weight of isopropanol in the presence of polymerization initiators at a temperature of from 120° to 200° C. under pressure. The polymers obtained are used as dispersing agents for inorganic pigments.

Solvent resistent acrylic resin and process for producing the same

Abstract: An acrylic resin having resistance to crazing or crack formation when brought into contact with an organic solvent may be prepared by polymerizing or copolymerizing a monomer or monomers comprising (1) 50 to 100 wt. % of methyl methacrylate and (2) 0 to 50 wt. % of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of an acrylic ester and a methacrylic acid ester, and adding a chain transfer agent after initiation and prior to completion of the polymerization. The acrylic resins have an intrinsic viscosity of 0.028 to 0.117 liters per gram, and a ratio of weight-average molecular weight to number-average molecular weight of 2.3 to 6.0.

Radiation cured polydiene based polymer composition

Abstract: A cured polymer composition possessing excellent cohesive strength at high temperatures along with good solvent resistance and processing characteristics is prepared by the radiation curing of a composition comprising a linear or radial polydiene, tackifying resin, and a di-to-tetra-functional acrylate or methacrylate selected from the group consisting of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters of polyols.

Dental compositions comprising acrylic esters of tricyclo {8 5.2.1.0{hu 2,6{b {9 {0 decane polymers

Abstract: An improved dental composition having shortened hardening time and after hardening increased compressive strength and abrasion resistance, including a radical-inducing compound and a polymerizable acrylic or methacrylic acid ester or diester compound with at least 20 percent by weight of the polymerizable compound being the diacrylic or dimethacrylic acid ester of bishydroxymethyltricyclo [5.2.1.02,6]-decane. Other monofunctional or difunctional acrylic or methacrylic acid esters as well as fillers, pigments and stabilizers can be included.

Preparation and degradation of salts of poly(methacrylic acid). I. Lithium, sodium, potassium, and caesium salts

Abstract: The polymers of lithium, sodium, potassium, and caesium salts of methacrylic acid have been prepared by free radical polymerization of the respective monomers in methanol solution. The degradation behavior of the polymers has been investigated by thermal volatilization analysis, thermogravimetry, and product analysis. These materials are stable to about 350°C under programmed heating at 10°C/min in vacuo. The principal degradation products are monomer, the corresponding isobutyrate, carbonate, oxide, carbon dioxide, and a fraction of liquid volatiles that is complex and contains a variety of aldehydes and ketones. The mechanism of degradation is discussed in detail.

Low molecular weight acrylate resins and a process for their production

Abstract: A process for the production of a crosslinkable low-molecular weight acrylic resin containing hydroxyl-groups and having a low-molecular consistency factor by the radical bulk copolymerization of (A) 0 to 30 parts by weight of a hydroxyalkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or mixtures thereof; (B) 0 to 60 parts by wt. of styrene or a substituted styrene or methyl methacrylate or mixtures thereof; (C) 10 to 90 parts by weight of an acrylic acid ester or of a methacrylic acid ester with 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical or mixtures thereof; (D) 0 to 30 parts by weight of an α,β-monoolefinically saturated mono- or di-carboxylic acid with 3 to 5 carbon atoms or of a maleic acid semiester or mixtures thereof or reaction products thereof with a monoglycidyl compound, in the presence of 10 to 70 parts by weight of a monoallyl ether of an at least trihydric alcohol, The sum of the parts by weight of all the monomers A - E amounting to 100, Wherein the indicated quantity of monomer E is initially introduced and, at temperatures above 100° C, monomers A to D together with 0.5 to 6% by weight, based on A to D, of an initiator with a half-life period at 100 to 160° C of 0.01 to 100 minutes, are introduced over a period of 1 to 6 hours and polymerized, at least 98% by weight of the monomers A to D and from 36 to 95% by weight of monomer E being converted. Acrylate resins of this type are eminently suitable for the production of readily processible binder mixtures which although low in viscosity, have a very high solids content.

Air-curing copolymer latices

Abstract: Air-curing copolymer latices are described. The preferred copolymer latices are prepared by emulsion copolymerization, in the presence of a free radical polymerization catalyst such as inorganic or organic peroxide polymerization catalysts, with a blend (in % by weight based on the total weight of all monomers used) of (a) about 1% to about 20% of dicyclopentadienyl acrylate or dicyclopentadienyl methacrylate, (b) about 99% to about 20% of an alkyl acrylate or methacrylate, including mixtures of such monomers, and preferably a lower alkyl acrylate or methacrylate in which the alkyl groups contain from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, (c) 0% to about 5% of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and (d) 0% to about 85% of other monoethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers. As examples of other copolymerizable monomers which may be used as component (d) may be mentioned: higher alkyl acrylates and methacrylates in which the alkyl groups contain from 5 to about 18 carbon atoms, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile; also vinyl esters (e.g. vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate of vinyl chloride), styrene and alkyl vinyl ethers. The novel air-curing latices of the present invention are particularly suitable for use in paints and other coating applications since the films obtained therefrom continue to cure on standing in air, as evidenced by a marked increase in their resistance to solvents, such as methyl ethyl ketone. The cure can be accelerated to a significant degree by heating the films and/or by incorporating a few percent of a drying agent in the latex.

Photoinitiated polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate with cotton cellulose

Abstract: Unsensitized, photoinitiated polymerization reactions of glycidyl methacrylate from solutions of water and water–methanol with cotton cellulose fabrics were investigated. When several layers of cotton fabrics were immersed in solutions of glycidyl methacrylate and only the surface layer was exposed to light, polymerization reactions were initiated in this layer and also initiated in inner layers of fabrics, probably by chain transfer reactions. Photoinitiated (350 nm, 24 W, 34 min) polymerizations of glycidyl methacrylate (7.5 vol-%) from water (43 vol-%)–methanol (57 vol-%) with cotton fabrics in one-, three-, and six-layered configurations were: one-layered, 32% polymer; three-layered, 30%, 27%, and 25% polymer; and six-layered, 29%, 25%, 22%, 20%, 14%, and 11% polymer. Electron-microscopic examination of the distribution of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) within the cotton fibrous structure showed that polymer was distributed throughout the cross section of the fiber. At the surface of the fibers, the polymer tended to be more concentrated than within the cross section of the fibers and to encapsulate them. Photoinitiated polymerization reactivities of several vinyl monomers from solution with cotton cellulose fabrics were compared with those of glycidyl methacrylate as follows: methyl methacrylate > glycidyl methacrylate > diacetone acrylamide > 1,3-butylene dimethacrylate > methacrylic acid > acrylonitrile > divinylbenzene.

Self crosslinking water dispersible epoxy ester-acrylate polymers

Abstract: Water reducible self crosslinking epoxy ester-acrylate polymers are prepared by partially esterifying the epoxy groups of a polyepoxide with an ethylenically unsaturated fatty acid or a saturated fatty acid and copolymerizing the ester product with monoethylenically unsaturated monomers including methacrylic acid and an alkoxymethylacrylamide or alkoxymethylmethacrylamide, to afford a self crosslinking acid copolymer. This copolymer is solubilized in water with a volatile base, e.g., ammonia, trimethylamine, or dimethylethanolamine. Formulations based on these polymers are useful as metal coatings.

Process for producing methacrylic acid

Abstract: Methacrylic acid is produced by the vapor phase oxidation of methacrolein in the presence of a complex oxide catalyst having the formula: Mo.sub.a V.sub.b P.sub.c Ce.sub.d Cu.sub.e X.sub.f O.sub.g wherein X represents at least one of the elements selected from the group of Mn, Fe, Co, Sn and Te and a, b, c, d, e, f and g represent atomic ratios wherein a=12; b=0.01 to 2; c=0.1 to 3; d=0.01 to 2; e=0.01 to 2; f=0 to 2 and g is determined by the valences of the non-oxygen components of the catalyst and is usually in a range of 38 to 50. The catalyst can be optionally reduced by subjecting the metal oxide mixture to at least one reducing organic material selected from the group consisting of dibasic carboxylic acids, oxycarboxylic acids, and polyols.

Methyldi(trimethylsiloxy)sylylpropylglycerol methacrylate

Abstract: A novel methacrylic acid ester derivative, methyldi(trimethylsiloxy)sylylpropylglycerol methacrylate which is availably employed as a main monomer for preparing copolymers useful as a material of contact lenses. The derivative has siloxane bond which contributes to increase of the oxygen permeability of its copolymers, and has hydrophilic hydroxyl group and ether bond by which the derivative is miscible with a hydrophilic monomer in all proportions and is easily copolymerizable therewith and colorless transparent copolymers are obtained.

Electron sensitive resist and a method preparing the same

Abstract: A high speed high contrast electron resist composition comprising a copolymer of polymethylmethacrylate/methacrylic acid having incorporated therein a metal selected from the group consisting of lead, barium, calcium and strontium is disclosed. The metal is present in the range of from about 0.001% to about 10% by weight of the copolymer.

Alloy fibers of rayon and an alkali metal or ammonium salt of an azeotropic copolymer of polyacrylic acid and methacrylic acid having improved absorbency

Abstract: Cardable cellulosic fibers having improved water and fluid absorbency are made by incorporating therein an alkali metal or ammonium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid prepared by a process wherein the two monomers are mixed together in ratios during the polymerization so that the amount of copolymer chains substantially richer in methacrylic acid moieties than the total ratio of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid monomers included in the copolymerization process and the number of copolymer chains considerably lower in degree of polymerization than the copolymer average are minimized.

Stable, compatible thixotropic gel with copolymer gelling agent

Abstract: A stable, compatible thixotropic gel of the type gelled from a mixture including a solvent, a cosolvent and a gelling agent. The gelling agent comprises a copolymer of ethylene and at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, esterified acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, vinyl formate, vinyl propionate and mixtures thereof. The copolymer has a number average molecular weight between about 500 and about 10,000.

Photopolymerizable compositions based on acrylic or methacrylic acid esters containing organic phosphites

Abstract: An improved photopolymerizable composition based on acrylic or methacrylic acid esters is disclosed. In addition to the mono- or polyfunctional acrylic or methacrylic acid ester compounds, an aliphatic, aromatic or mixed aliphatic-aromatic organic phosphite compound (in an amount of from about 0.1 to 20 percent by weight of the photopolymerizable ester compounds) and a monoketal of an aromatic 1,2-diketone compound (e.g., benzildimethylketal) are included as ultraviolet initiators to dramatically reduce the polymerization time of the composition without adversely affecting its stability.

Catalyst compositions especially useful for preparation of unsaturated acids

Abstract: The present invention is a catalyst composition consisting of oxides or oxide complexes that contains catalytically significant amounts of uranium or thorium plus, tungsten, vanadium and molybdenum plus optionally one or more of Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mg, Mn, Bi, Ti, Zr, Sn, P, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, lanthanum or an element of the lanthanoid series. These catalysts are especially useful for producing acrylic acid from acrolein and for producing methacrylic acid from methacrolein.

Dental compositions comprising acrylic esters of tricyclo [5.2.1.02,6 ] decane polymers

Abstract: An improved dental composition having shortened hardening time and after hardening increased compressive strength and abrasion resistance, including a radical-inducing compound and a polymerizable acrylic or methacrylic acid ester or diester compound with at least 20 percent by weight of the polymerizable compound being the diacrylic or dimethacrylic acid ester of bishydroxymethyltricyclo [52102,6 ]-decane Other monofunctional or difunctional acrylic or methacrylic acid esters as well as fillers, pigments and stabilizers can be included

Process for the production of a glycidyl group containing acrylic resin and its use

Abstract: There are prepared powder enamels or varnishes containing an acrylic resin in combination with an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. The acrylic resin has glycidyl groups and is prepared by bulk polymerizing a mixture of: (a) methyl methacrylate, 20 to 70 weight %; (b) at least one ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with a monohydric alcohol, whose homopolymer has a glass transition temperature below 40° C., 10 to 40 weight %; (c) glycidyl acrylate or glycidyl methacrylate, 10 to 25 weight %; and (d) an additional monomer copolymerizable with (a), (b) and (c), 0 to 50 weight %; in the presence of a radical (free radical) catalyst and in the presence of, based on the weight of the monomer mixture of 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent of at least one ester of phosphorous acid having the formula: ##STR1## where R 1 is hydrogen or a saturated aliphatic group with 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an aryl group with 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl substituted aryl with 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl, or an aralkyl group with 7 to 18 carbon atoms and R 2 and R 3 are the same or different saturated aliphatic groups with 1 to 16 carbon atoms, aryl groups with 6 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl substituted aryl with 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl, or aralkyl groups with 7 to 18 carbon atoms.

Functional Polymers. 4. Polymers of 2,4-Dihydroxy-4'-vinylbenzophenone, New Polymeric Ultraviolet Absorbers

Abstract: The synthesis of 2,4-dihydroxy-4’-vinylbenzophenone was accomplished in five steps, with an overall yield of 15%, starting with p-ethylbenzoic acid. Pure 2,4-dihydroxy-4’-vinylbenzophenone was polymerized with azobis(isobutyr0)nitrile as initiator; radical copolymerizations with methacrylic acid and styrene were also accomplished. In polymerizations with azobis(isobutyro)nitrile, no interference of the phenol groups of 2,4-dihydroxy-4’-vinylbenzophenone was observed. In copolymerization with styrene using benzoyl peroxide as initiator, the molecular weight of a copolymer containing 3 mol % 2,4-dihydroxy-4’-vinylbenzophenone was found to be significantly higher than that of styrene homopolymer prepared under identical conditions. This effect was also observed in the polymerization of styrene in the presence of a model compound, 2,4-dihydroxy-4’-ethylbenzophenone.

Foamable polymer material

Abstract: What is disclosed is a foamable polymer composition comprising (A) a copolymer of 20-99.99 percent by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, 0-79.99 percent by weight of a further ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith, and 0.01-5 percent by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of metal salts of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and (B) a foaming agent compatible with said copolymer, methods for making such a composition, polymer foams prepared therefrom, and laminates of such foams with resin-impregnated fiber glass mats.