Showing papers on "Methacrylic acid published in 1980"

Liquid emulsion polymers useful as pH responsive thickeners for aqueous systems

Abstract: Novel aqueous liquid emulsion polymers are prepared by the copolymerization of (A) about 15-60 weight percent of a C 3 -C 8 α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, preferably acrylic or methacrylic acid or a mixture thereof with itaconic or fumaric acid, (B) about 15-80 weight percent of a nonionic copolymerizable C 2 -C 12 α,β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer, preferably a monovinyl ester such as ethyl acrylate or a mixture thereof with styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride or vinyl acetate, and (C) about 1-30 weight percent of certain nonionic vinyl surfactant esters, such as nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy) 9 ethyl acrylate, to give an emulsion copolymer stable as an aqueous colloidal dispersion at an acid pH lower than about 5.0 but responsive to pH adjustment with base. These emulsion polymers adjusted to a pH of about 5.5 or higher are effective thickeners for a wide variety of aqueous systems including cosmetic products, drilling muds, and particularly aqueous coating compositions such as latex paint.

Formation of interpolymer complexes

Abstract: Interpolymer complex formations of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with oligocations as well as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and poly-(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone of various chain lengths were studied. For the case of complexation between PMAA and oligocations, the standard free energy change for the complexation ΔG° was found to be linearly dependent on the number of interacting sites, n. The stability constant K for complex is expressed as K = AeBnwhere A and B are constants which depend on the chemical structure of the polyelectrolytes. For the case of complex formation through hydrogen bonding, the degree of linkage Θ, defined as the ratio of the binding groups to the total of potentially interacting groups, and the stability constant K of the polymer-polymer complexes both in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic media were determined as a function of temperature by means of potentiometric titration. It was found that Θ and K were strongly dependent on chain length, temperature, a...

Contact lens made from polymers of polysiloxane and polycyclic esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid

Abstract: Monomeric polysiloxanes end-capped with activated unsaturated groups polymerized with a comonomer comprising a polycyclic ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid to form a soft contact lens is disclosed These instant polysiloxane copolymer contact lenses have unexpectedly high tear strengths and unexpectedly high modulus of elasticity

Fiber/absorbent polymer composites and method of forming same

Abstract: There is disclosed a process which comprises: (a) applying an aqueous solution comprising a salt of acrylic or methacrylic acid to an aggregation of fibers; (b) irradiating said aggregation containing said aqueous solution with electromagnetic or corpuscular ionizing radiation to convert said salt of acrylic or methacrylic acid to a water-swellable polymer; (c) individualizing the fibers to disperse the fibers and the said water-swellable polymer; (d) collecting the individualized fibers and water-swellable polymer in the form of a fluffy batt of fibers having distributed therethrough isolated portions of water-swellable polymer affixed to individual fibers or to small groups of fibers.

Method for preparing highly absorbent hydro-gel polymers

Abstract: A method for producing a hydrophilic gel comprising polymerizing acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a polymer (A) which is then subjected to neutralization followed by heat treatment or to heat treatment followed by neutralization, or polymerizing a neutralized product of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a polymer (B) which is then subjected to heat treatment, wherein said polymerization is carried out in an aqueous solution having a total concentration of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid or its neutralized product (the weight of the neutralized product is converted to the acid basis) and polyvinyl alcohol of 10 to 60% by weight, said heat treatment temperature is 50° to 150° C., and the weight ratio of polyvinylalcohol is acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid or its salt (the weight of the neutralized product is converted to the acid basis) is 5 to 95: 95 to 5.

Process for preparing low molecular weight water-soluble polymers

Abstract: A process for preparing a low molecular weight water-soluble polymer comprises reacting, in an aqueous solution system, a water-soluble monomer selected from the class consisting of (a) acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, acrolein, methacrolein, methacrylamide, N-vinyl pyrollidone, acryloxypropionic acid and mixtures thereof, and (b) water-soluble comonomers of one or more of the monomers of (a) with from about 5-50% of the total monomers present, of a comonomer selected from the class consisting of itaconic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, hydroxypropylmethacrylate, hydroxyethylacrylate, hydroxypropylacrylate, hydroxyethylmethacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, t-butylaminoethyl acrylate, 4-vinyl pyridine, beta-hydroxyethyldimethylaminoethyl methacrylate salt, t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof in the presence of a catalyst system which comprises an initiator and a metal salt wherein the molar ratio of the initiator to the metal ion is from about 10:1 to about 150:1 and the initiator is present in an amount of from about 0.5 weight percent to about 35 weight percent based on the weight of the monomers present. An aqueous polymer solution has terminal hydroxyl groups, substantially all of the water which was present during the preparation of the polymer, a solids content of from about 40% to about 60% by weight of the entire composition and said polymer has an average molecular weight of up to 50,000. The polymer is prepared from the monomers set forth above.

Process for treating cosmetic oils so as to modify their properties and cosmetic compositions containing these oils

Abstract: A process for reducing the volatility and improving the emulsifying power of an unsaturated or saturated cosmetic oil comprising heating the cosmetic oil, in the absence of a solvent and under an inert atmosphere, with a homopolymerizable and hydrophilic monomer in the presence of an initiator generating free radicals. The monomer is selected from the group consisting of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-hydroxymethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide, N-(carboxyhydroxy) methacrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine and a monomer having the formula, ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, Y is O or NH, r' is methyl or ethyl and n is 2 or 3. The resulting modified oil is then purified to remove any insoluble nongrafted homopolymer.

Radiation grafting of acrylic and methacrylic acid to cellulose fibers to impart high water sorbency

Abstract: Acrylic and methacrylic acids have been directly grafted to rayon and cotton using the preirradiation technique with /sup 60/ Co gamma rays. The rate of grafting increased with increasing temperature and monomer concentration, as did the final degree of grafting. The amount and rate of grafting also increased with the total irradiation dose but tended to level off at higher doses, in agreement with the leveling off of the radical content reported previously. Methacrylic acid grafted more and faster than acrylic acid to both rayon and cotton. Methacrylic acid grafted more with rayon than cotton, but acrylic acid gave somewhat similar yields with both fibers. The water abosrbency of the grafted fibers depended strongly on their posttreatment. Decrystallizing with 70% zinc chloride or with hot sodium hydroxidy developed supersorbency. The two treatments in succession, respectively, gave the highest values. Metacrylic acid brought about less sorbency than the corrsponding acrylic acid grafts. Useful levels of grafting and supersorbency could be readily and practically achieved by the methods described.

Use of agglomerates of silicic acid as fillers in dental materials

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of agglomerates of silicic acid having an average agglomerate size of 0.5 to 50 μm, containing primary particles of silicic acid having an average particle size of 1 to 100 nm and serving as filler in dental materials on the basis of ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomers. This reinforcing filler is practically colorless and can be blended in considerable quantity into the polymerizable monomer material especially mono-functional and di-functional as well as polyfunctional esters of the acrylic acid and the methacrylic acid and yields a satisfactorily processable plastically deformable paste. If necessary, the agglomerated silicic acid is used together with non-agglomerated micro-fine silicic acid of an average particle size of 1 to 100 nm. The shaped bodies obtained after the curing of the polymerizable material with the fillers show superior compressive strength, low thermal expansion, high colour stability and low water absorption, and moreover can be finished to high luster. The agglomerated fillers provided according to the invention are generally suitable for tooth filling preparations and tooth restoration materials as well as for the production of artificial teeth.

Polymere 2,2,6,6,‐Tetraalkylpiperidin‐Derivate, 1. Tetra‐ und Pentaalkylpiperidin‐Derivate von Polyacryl‐ und Polymethacrylestern, Polyacryl‐ und Polymethacrylamiden

Abstract: A number of tetra- and pentaalkylpiperidine derivatives of acrylic and methacrylic acid was synthesized, polymerized, and copolymerized with several comonomers as potential UV stabilizers. In addition, by oxidation of some of these polymers and of a copolymer with peroxy compounds, polymers were obtained containing pendant nitroxyl groups. The properties of these polymers with free radical groups are discussed in relation to their spectral data.

Coating compositions containing pigment dispersants

Abstract: Coating compositions contain pigment dispersants wherein the dispersant is the polymerization product of (i) an alkyl methacrylate having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, (ii) a hardening monomer selected from the group consisting of a styrene, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and mixtures thereof, (iii) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and mixtures thereof or a monomer having a double bond alpha-beta to a carbonyl group and which provides carboxyl functionality when reacted with water, alcohol, amine or anhydride, (iv) a monomer having a double bond alpha-beta to a carbonyl group and at least one hydroxyl group or a monomer which provides such groups when further reacted with an acid or an epoxide, and (v) a compound providing an amine or amine salt functional moiety. The dispersants are useful for dispersing pigments in coating compositions containing a wide variety of film-forming resins.

Infrared and microcalorimetric studies of the adsorption of polymers with ester groups, in the main or side chain, at the silica/carbon tetrachloride interface

Abstract: The adsorption of poly(vinyl acetate), poly(methacrylic acid n -butyl ester), and poly(caprolactone) at the silica/carbon tetrachloride interface has been investigated. In these cases, the adsorption occurs largely via hydrogen bonding between the unperturbed surface silanol (SiOH) groups and the carbonyl groups of the polymer. The ratio, Q , between the measured concentrations of interacting SiOH and carbonyl groups was not, however, stoichiometric (i.e., 1:1). Depending on the nature of the polymer and the coverage, the values of Q range above or below 1. Values Q p , of poly(caprolactone) is strongly dependent on the surface coverage, as opposed to the behavior of poly(methacrylic acid n -butyl ester) where no such dependency is indicated. There is a small effect on p with changing coverage in the case of poly(vinyl acetate). By correlating p values with the measured integral adsorption enthalpies, molar net binding (adsorption) enthalpies per polymer segment were determined. These results facilitate a correlation of the binding enthalpy with the spectral shift of the maximum of the SiOH band, in the IR spectrum.

Use of (meth)acrylic acid and maleic acid copolymers as incrustation inhibitors in detergents

Abstract: 1. Use of copolymers which, based on the weight of the polymers, contain 40 to 90% of acrylic or methacrylic acid and 60 to 10% of maleic acid as copolymerized units, or of their alkali metal or ammonium salts as incrustation inhibitors in detergents.

Pharmaceutical compositions consisting or consisting essentially of liposomes, and processes for making same

Abstract: A method is disclosed for purifying non-homogeneous systems, known as liposomic suspensions, from non-entrapped drugs wherein said suspensions are treated with liquid or solid polymers of synthetic and organic nature having chemical functionality, which are used as ion-exchangers. The liquid or solid polymers are based on styrene, divinylbenzene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and the like, normally known as ion-exchange resins, and may include carboxylic, phosphonic, or sulphonic functions of different matrices. The ion-exchange resins may also include salified quaternary ammonium, primary, secondary and tertiary amminic or phosphinic functions or other functions with different matrices, including phenolformaldehyde, styrene-divinylbenzene, acrylates, methacrylates, hydrocarbons and condensation-resins. Treatment may also be carried out with polymers, copolymers, or mixtures thereof, not having any specific chemical function and which normally, but not exclusively, react according to Van der Waals' forces, commonly known as adsorbents. The invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions consisting or consisting essentially of lyophilic liposomes of doxorubicin hydrochloride, aminosidine sulphate or 5-fluoro-uracil.

Polyester urethane-containing molding compositions

Abstract: Polyester urethane derivatives having the following general formula: c-i-(d-n).sub.t d-i-c wherein d is a radical derived from an organic polyol; n is a radical derived from an unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof; i is a radical derived from a polyisocyanate; c is a carbamyl-linked radical derived from a hydroxy-terminated ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid; t is an integer equal to from 1 to about 5; in ethylenically unsaturated monomer solutions are thickened to moldable non-sticky gels by the formation in said solution of minor amounts of branch chain polyurethane resin mixtures free of ethylenic unsaturation. The physical properties of reinforced molded articles made from these molding compositions show dramatic improvement in impact strength and flexibility.

Infrared Studies of Hydrogen Bonding in Ethylene-Methacrylic Acid Copolymers and Ionomers

Abstract: The temperature dependencies of hydrogen-bond formation between carboxylic acid groups in two ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers and a partially neutralized sodium salt have been investigated by infrared spectroscopy. The concentrations of hydrogen-bonded acid groups were determined by using absorbances at 1700 and 1750 cmassigned to the dimer and monomer carbonyl stretching vibrations, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated by using carbonyl peak absorbances as well as integrated absorbances, both methods giving a heat of dissociation of 12 kcal mo1-1• Thus each hydrogen bond has a strength of about 6 kcal mo1-1• It is shown that the concentration of hydrogen-bonded dimers cannot be unambiguously determined by using only the 935-cmabsorbance assigned to the out-of-plane OH bend in a dimer. The carboxylic acid groups in the partially neutralized salt also establish a temperature-dependent equilibrium between bonded and nonbonded species with a heat of dissociation of 20 kcal mo1-1• The carboxyl asymmetric stretch of the salt consists of two overlapping peaks at 1565 and 1580 cm-1• The relative absorbances of these bands are reversibly temperature dependent, suggesting that the salt groups exist in at least two kinds of environments. Polar moieties attached as pendent groups along a polymer chain or directly incorporated into the backbone are known to interact with each other, thereby affecting the polymer's physical properties. For polymers containing carboxylic acids, amides, alcohols, amines, etc., the possibility of hydrogen bonding exists. Structural integrity, crystalline habits, and the location of the glass transition temperature can be influenced by the presence of hydrogen bonding. Early investigations into the possibilities of realizing thermally reversible polymer gels were focused on carboxylic acid containing rubbers1•2 and styrene-methacrylic acid copolymers.3 It was found that incorporation of acid comonomer generally increases modulus and viscosity but does not produce a mechanically stable network. Efforts were then directed at elucidating the behavior of the carboxylic acid monomer-dimer equilibrium, principally by using infrared techniques. Longworth and Morawetz3 used the absorbances at 1750 and 1700 cm-1, respectively, to determine the temperature dependence of the relative concentrations of free and hydrogen-bonded carbonyl for styrene-methacrylic acid copolymers. Dimerization constants were calculated at 110 °C to be 0.36 and 0.12 mol/L for a 4.6 and 10.6 mol % acid copolymer, and the heat of dimerization was found to be 8-10 kcal/mol. They also reported that when the copolymers were cooled below Tg, a fraction of free carbonyl was \"frozen in\" and that this amount was independent of cooling rate. Fitzgerald and Nielsen4 also investigated the temperature dependence of infrared spectra for styrene-methacrylic acid copolymers. Using the ratio of the absorbances at 1750 and 1700 cm-1, they reported the energy difference between nonbonded and bonded forms as 3.61 kcal/mol. In 1968 MacKnight and co-workers5 published results · 1 of infrared studies on an ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer containing 4.1 mol % acid comonomer. They investigated the temperature dependence of the relative intensities at 3540 and 1700 cm-1 assigned to the free hydroxyl stretch and the hydrogen-bonded carbonyl stretch, respectively. The extinction coefficient for the 3540-cmband was determined indirectly by using the 1750-cm-1 band at the highest temperature and assuming the ratio of extinction coefficients (f1750:f3540) to be constant with temperature. The dimerization was found to be essentially complete at room temperature and the heat of dissociation of the dimers was reported to be 11.6 kcal/mol, in excellent agreement with literature values for low molecular weight carboxylic acids. Subsequently, Otocka and Kwei criticized the use of the 1700and 1750-cm-1 carboxyl absorbances to determine thermodynamic parameters. Owing to the high-pressure polymerization process utilized in preparing the ethylene-carboxylic acid copolymers, carbonyl groups are present as oxidation products. A curve analyzer revealed an additional peak at 1735 cm-1 in the IR spectra which can interfere with the analysis if the 1700and 1750-cnl-1 bands are used. Otocka and Kwei selected the 935-cm-1 absorption to follow the temperature dependence of hydrogen bonding. This band is assigned to the out-of-plane OH bend in the dimer and is observed to decrease in intensity with increasing temperature in ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers. They assumed 100% dimerization at room temperature and found the D..H for dimer formation to be -11.5 kcal/ mol. The method using the 935-cm-1 band determines the ~

Thickened amphoteric surfactant solutions

Abstract: Aqueous compositions containing a water-soluble amphoteric surfactant are effectively thickened without substantial loss in clarity by a suitable pH responsive, synthetic addition copolymeric thickener such as a copolymer of an α, β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid (eg, methacrylic acid), a nonionic chain extender of an α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer (eg, ethyl acrylate), and a nonionic vinyl surfactant ester (eg, nonylphenoxy(polyethyleneoxy)ethyl methacrylate) Due to the ability of the copolymeric thickener to increase the viscosity of the amphoteric surfactant composition without substantially reducing the clarity thereof, the resulting thickened compositions are useful as shampoos, cleaning compounds and the like

Solvent effect on the complex formation of poly(methacrylic acid) with proton‐accepting polymers

Abstract: A pair of polymers may interact with each other through hydrogen bond and form a polymer complex. Such polymer complex formation is affected by several chemical and physical factors, especially by solvent properties. This solvent effect was studied in the complex formation of poly(methacrylic acid) with a series of proton-accepting polymers in aprotic solvents. The extraordinary behaviour of polymer complexes in dimethyl sulfoxide was well explained in terms of the strong interaction between proton-donating polymer and dimethyl sulfoxide. In addition, a stronger proton-accepting polymer, viz. poly(N,N-dimethyl-N′,N′,N″,N″-tetramethylenephosphoramide), was synthesized. This polymer could form a polymer complex with poly(methacrylic acid) through hydrogen bond even in dimethyl sulfoxide. Selective polymer complex formation was achieved by controlling such solvent properties.

Polymerization of Methacrylic Acid in the Presence of Isotactic Poly(methyl Methacrylate) as Possible Template

Abstract: Based on the stereoassociation ability between it-PMMA and st-polymethacrylic acid (PM acid) in DMF, methacrylic acid (M-acid) was polymerized in the presence of it-PMMA templates between 45 and -10°C. At temperatures between 0 and 45°C the polymerization rate and the radical lifetimes were identical with those of the corresponding blank polymerization, although gel formation took place. This could be explained by termination of growing PM acid radicals in the “free” solution before their association with it-PMMA could take place, in other words the association rate of the formed PMAA radicals with it-PMMA is too low. Only below ca. 0°C was a kinetic template effect observed; at -10°C the rate relative to that of the blank reaction (without it-PMMA) is vR = 1.5 ± 0.1. The decrease in ΔE‡ by the template is ascribed to mainly an increased hindrance of termination of associated PM acid radicals. The decrease in ΔS‡ may be caused by a sterically more stringent transition state of the propagation ste...

Pigment dispersants for coating compositions

Abstract: Pigment dispersants for use in coating compositions wherein the dispersant is the polymerization product of (i) an alkyl methacrylate having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, (ii) a hardening monomer selected from the group consisting of a styrene, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and mixtures thereof, (iii) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and mixtures thereof or a monomer having a double bond alpha-beta to a carbonyl group and which provides carboxyl functionality when reacted with water, alcohol, amine or anhydride, (iv) a monomer having a double bond alpha-beta to a carbonyl group and at least one hydroxyl group or a monomer which provides such groups when further reacted with an acid or an epoxide, and (v) a compound providing an amine or amine salt functional moiety. The dispersants are useful for dispersing pigments in coating compositions containing a wide variety of film-forming resins.

Process for producing methacrylic acid

Abstract: A catalyst composition useful for the oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes, particularly the oxidation of methacrolein to produce methacrylic acid, comprises the combination of oxides of molybdenum, copper, phosphorus, antimony, and cesium and/or calcium and optionally may include one or more of the elements Ni, Zn, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt, As, K, Rb, Sr, Ba, Cr, V, Nb, W, Mn, Re, and rare earth metals including La.

Pigment dispersions for surface-coating compositions and surface-coating compositions containing same

Abstract: Universal pigment dispersions for use in surface-coating compositions contain as dispersant water-soluble salts of polymers prepared from monomer mixtures containing 30% to 75% by weight of at least one hydroxyalkyl methacrylate wherein the hydroxyalkyl group has 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 20% to 65% by weight of methacrylic acid, and 2% to 20% by weight of at least one other ethylenically-unsaturated monomer, such as styrene and/or glycidyl methacrylate.

Heterotactic Polymers of α-Substituted Acrylic Acid Esters

Abstract: Polymerizations of various methacrylates and α-(p-substituted phenyl)acrylates were studied in toluene and tetrahydrofuran by several anionic initiators. The polymerization with octylpotassium in tetrahydrofuran was found to be the most suitable for the formation of the heterotactic polymer, defined as the polymer containing more than 50% heterotactic triads. Methacrylic acid esters of the primary alcohol gave the heterotactic polymers, whose heterotactic contents increased with an increase in the bulkiness of the ester group. Methacrylic esters of secondary alcohol generally gave heterotactic polymers with octylpotassium in tetrahydrofuran. In the polymerizations of methacrylic acid esters of tertiary alcohol, the heterotactic contents decreased with an increase in the bulkiness of the ester group. A perfectly atactic polymer was obtained in the polymerization of methyl α-phenylacrylate with butyllithium in tetrahydrofuran, but it gave the heterotactic polymer when initiated with octylpotassium in tetrahydrofuran. Methyl α-p-chlorophenylacrylate produced the heterotactic polymer in tetrahydrofuran with butyllithium as well as with octylpotassium. In the case of methyl α-p-bromophenylacrylate, the heterotactic polymer was obtained even in the polymerization in toluene with butyllithium. These results indicate that the acrylic acid ester having the bulkier substituent tends to give the heterotactic polymer more easily by anionic initiator.

Process for producing leather

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for producing a tanned heavy leather, sometimes called full thickness leather, suitable for use for shoe soles, belts and straps, bags and cases, and saddles, bridles, and harness, wherein, under carefully controlled pH conditions, leather stock is subjected to a multiple-stage tanning process involving a first treatment with an aqueous dispersion or solution of a synthetic polymeric composition made by polymerizing at least one member selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and, optionally, one or more polymerizable compounds selected from the group of alkyl esters of acrylic acid, alkyl esters of methacrylic acid and sulfated unsaturated drying oils, followed by a second treatment with a zirconium tanning compound having a 0-45% basicity by the Schorlemmer scale.

Non woven fabrics suitable for diaper and diaper coverstock

Abstract: Non-woven fibrous products, such as diapers, in which the fibres are bound together by an emulsion copolymer of C4 C8 ester of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid: at least one of methyl methacrylate, styrene or α-methyl styrene and acid comprising mono-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid optionally in combination with mono-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid. The fibres comprise at least 50% hydrophilic fibres such as cellulosic fibres.

Process for producing aqueous emulsions of air-drying and oven-drying alkyde resins

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of aqueous emulsions for air-drying and oven-drying lacquers based on polyethylene glycol-modified alkyd resins with improved long-term stability. In this process, fatty acid esters which have ether-linked polyethylene glycol residues; reacted with conventional alkyd resin raw materials to give an alkyd resin precursor which is esterified in a further process step with a vinyl copolymer containing acidic methacrylic acid and oil fatty acid residues. The products get their good stability properties despite a relatively low polyglycol content of 3 to 8% due to the largely unsaponifiable incorporation of the stabilizing groups.

Plasma-induced polymerization

Abstract: Preliminary results on plasma-induced bulk homopolymerization of styrene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate and on plasma-induced solution homopolymerization of N-vinyl carbazole, styrene and acrylamide are presented. Experimental data suggest that a radical mechanism of polymerization has to be considered to explain this new approach to polymer synthesis.