Showing papers on "Methacrylic acid published in 1986"

Polymeric thickeners and their production

Abstract: Polymers are made by polymerization of an ionic monomer such as methacrylic acid or dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)-acrylate or -acrylamide and/or a substantially non-ionic monomer, optionally a cross linking agent, and an allyl ether of the formula CH 2 ═CR'CH 2 OA m B n A p R where R' is hydrogen or methyl, A is propyleneoxy or butyleneoxy, B is ethyleneoxy, n is zero or an integer, m and p are zero or an integer less than n, and R is a hydrophobic group of at least 8 carbon atoms. The polymers are preferably made by oil in water emulsion polymerization. They can be used as thickeners particularly in environments containing surfactant and/or electrolyte, including especially emulsion paints, print pastes, alkaline liquors and acidic liquors.

Effect of cationic surfactants on the conformational transition of poly(methacrylic acid)

Abstract: The interaction between poly(methacrylic acid) and alkyltrimethylammonium bromide, C/sub n/TAB, cationic surfactants has been investigated in aqueous solutions of pH 8, by use of the photophysics of pyrene and its derivatives. Photophysical studies of these fluorescent probes, both steady-state and pulsed laser studies, show that a conformational transition of PMA is induced by C/sub n/TAB. The surfactant induces a coiling up of PMA chains at pH 8, which takes place via a cooperative process. This effect takes place when the concentration of C/sub n/TAB is above a critical aggregate concentration, CAC. The CAC is 1 or 2 orders of magnitude less than the cmc of the corresponding micelle. There is significant effect of surfactant chain length and PMA concentration on the CAC, which provides information on the nature of the CAC and the mechanism of the PMA transition. A model is suggested for the aggregation of PMA-C/sub 10/TAB based on experimental data. Studies show that the aggregate consists of about 100 C/sub 10/TAB molecules and 1 coiled polymer chain.

Preparation of water-soluble copolymers containing vinylamine units, and their use as wet strength agents and dry strength agents for paper

Abstract: Water-soluble copolymers containing copolymerized vinylamine units are prepared by copolymerizing (a) from 95 to 10 mol % of N-vinylformamide and (b) from 5 to 90 mol % of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl vinyl ethers, the esters, nitriles and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone, and then eliminating from 30 to 100 mol % of the formyl groups from the copolymer. Preferred copolymers are copolymers of N-vinylformamide and vinyl acetate, in which from 30 to 100 mol % of the monomer units are hydrolyzed. The copolymers are used in papermaking to increase the dry strength and wet strength of the paper.

Polymeric coating for container induction innerseal

Abstract: Tamper-resistant inner seals that bond firmly to the lips of lidded and capped glass and plastic containers The innerseals incorporate a metallic foil having a heat-sealable adhesive applied to one surface thereof The heat-sealable adhesive comprises a paraffin wax or blend of paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax, polystyrene or derivative thereof, rosin or derivative thereof, and at least one high molecular weight polymeric material selected from the group consisting of ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene/methacrylate copolymers, and ethylene/vinyl acetate/methacrylic acid terpolymers, and blends thereof

Process of making a crosslinked superabsorbent polyurethane foam

Abstract: A superabsorbent polyurethane foam which contains a plurality of polycarbonyl moieties covalently attached to the polyurethane through at least one urethane, thiourethane, or urea linkage. The carbonyl portions of such polycarbonyl moieties can be carbamoyl, substituted carbamoyl, or carboxy or the alkali metal or ammonium salts thereof. The foam can be prepared by mixing an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer with a first compound having at least one isocyanate-reactive group and at least one carbon-carbon double bond, allowing the mixture to react, and then mixing with the resulting product an aqueous solution of a carboxylate-containing second compound having at least one carbon-carbon double bond. A thermally activated free radical initiator is present in the final reaction mixture. Preferably, the polyurethane is derived from an isocyanate-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) polyol having an isocyanate functionality greater than two and the polycarbonyl moieties are derived from second compounds which typically are acrylate or methacrylate salts, i.e., alkali metal or ammonium salts of acrylic or methacrylic acid. The first compound usually is the 2-hydroxyethyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid. Such superabsorbent polyurethane foam is useful in the manufacture of absorbent articles, especially disposable absorbent articles such as diapers, sanitary napkins, bedpads, incontinent pads, and the like.

Thermoplastic resin composition

Abstract: not available for EP0233976Abstract of corresponding document: US4656212A thermoplastic resin composition having excellent impact strength and high heat distortion temperatures consisting essentially of (A) 10 to 90 parts by weight of a styrene-methacrylic acid type copolymer resin selected from a styrene/methacrylic acid copolymer resin obtained by polymerizing 97 to 65% by weight of styrene and 3 to 35% by weight of methacrylic acid and a styrene/methyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer resin obtained by polymerizing 486 to 649% by weight of styrene, 484 to 01% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 3 to 35% by weight of methacrylic acid, (B) 90 to 10 parts by weight of a graft copolymer resin obtained by polymerizing 70 to 20% by weight of methyl methacrylate or a monomeric mixture composed of from less than 100 to 20% by weight of methyl methacrylate and from more than 0 to 80% by weight of styrene in the presence of 30 to 80% by weight of a rubbery polymer, and (C) 0001 to 02% by weight as silicon, based on the total weight of (A) and (B), of an organopolysiloxane

Magnetic recording medium

Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve the dispersibility of magnetic powdery particles and to obtain the title magnetic recording medium having excellent squareness ratio, surface characteristic and durability by incorporating a specified polymer into the magnetic recording medium. CONSTITUTION:At least one kind of polymer selected from a polymer of a higher alkyl ester of acrylic acid, a polymer of a higher alkyl ester of methacrylic acid and a coplymer of a higher alkyl ester of acrylic acid and a higher alkyl ester of methacrylic acid is incorporated into a magnetic recording medium. The polymer having 100-3,000 mean polymerization degree is preferably used. When the polymer and magnetic powdery particles are mixed along with a suitable binder, a magnetic recording medium coating material wherein the magnetic powdery particles are uniformly dispersed in the primary particles can be obtained. Accordingly, the coating material is coated on a suitable substrate and dried by volatilizing the solvent. Consequently, a magnetic recording medium layer having excellent squareness ratio, rigidity and wear resistance, wherein ageing deterioration such as blooming is not caused even under severe conditions and hence having excellent durability can be obtained.

Solution polymerization of acrylic acid derived monomers using tertiary alkyl(ηC5)hydroperoxides

Abstract: A process is provided for the free radical polymerization of monomers derived from substituted or unsubstituted acrylic acid/methacrylic acid and esters thereof for the production of a polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution and an average molecular weight of less than 4000. These polymers are produced by the solution polymerizing of said monomers wherein 20-40% by weight of the monomer composition is hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate in the presence of a solvent system suitable for high solids coating applications and in the presence of an initiating amount of a tertiary alkyl hydroperoxide and/or its derivatives having at least 5 carbons wherein the initiator and monomers, alone or in combination, are added continuously at a programmed rate wherein the rate of addition corresponds approximately to the rate of decomposition of said monomer and initiator. These polymers are used for high solids coating applications.

Ampholytic diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) copolymers and terpolymers for water clarification

Abstract: A method of removing impurities from water which comprises treating these impurity-containing waters with a few parts per million of a water-soluble polymer containing a major portion of Diallyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride and ether. A. from 5 to 25 mole percent of either acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, or, B. from 5 to 25 mole percent of either acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and from 1-10 percent of a hydroxy C 2 -C 6 alkyl acrylate or methacrylate: which polymer is characterized as having an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.5.

Nail extension composition

Abstract: A combination of a human nail and an artificial nail cover are coated by (1) first applying to the surface of the combination a monomeric aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon urethane dimethacrylate, a photo cure system and methacrylic acid and then curing in the visible light range and then applying a composition of the monomeric urethane or methacrylate, a polymeric aliphatic of cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon urethane acrylate methacrylate, a low viscosity polyglycol dimethacrylate and a photo cure system and curing in the visible range

Photon-harvesting polymers: singlet energy transfer in anthracene-loaded alternating and random copolymers of 2-vinylnaphthalene and methacrylic acid

Abstract: Introduction d'anthracene par esterification directe avec l'anthracenemethanol-9. Etude du transfert d'energie a 77°K dans les verres et a temperature ambiante en solution

Acrylic Latices from Redispersable Powders for Peroral and Transdermal Drug Formulations

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of acrylic resins may be converted to pow ders by spray or freeze drying. Such solids contain loose ag glomerates of discrete latex particles, that disintegrate easily into the original latex particles of less than 2 µ;m in diameter. No film formation occurs, provided that the minimum film forming temperature of the latex is not exceeded during drying.Such powders can be redispersed in water in the presence of 3-6 mol% of alkali or organic bases to obtain a stable latex system. This can be used for enteric film coating in the same way as the original latex dispersions.Redispersed methacrylic acid copolymers can be mixed with neu tral, permeable emulsion polymers to adapt the release profile of drugs more specifically to match their pharmacokinetic prop erties. In this way the pH-dependent solubility of methacryic acid copolymers, which controls the release in the gut by dissolution or increasing permeability can be combined with the pH–independent permeability of neutral acryli...

The preparation and properties of acrylic and methacrylic acid grafted cellulose prepared by ceric ion initiation. II: Water retention properties

Abstract: Bleached sulfite softwood pulp and the corresponding paper have been grafted with acrylic and methacrylic acids and a number of other monomers. A practical, all aqueous, ceric ion method was used as described in Part I of this series. The water and saline retention values of the grafted pulps were determined. Super water sorbency, up to 48 g/g, were obtained after suitable post treatments. A number of variables were studied including the effects of pH, counterion, crosslinking, drying, and beating. It was gratifying that drying did not affect the effeciency of water or saline water retention. Useful linear functional relationships were found between the saline water retention values and the logarithm of the percent sodium chloride in the water. The two “model” parameters of the plots also correlated well with the water retention values and with the degree of grafting expressed as the ion exchange equivalents of the pulps. The osmotic pressure approach to the water sorption as developed by Grignon and Scallan5 coupled with the restraining forces of the grafted polymer itself is used to interpret the process.

Resin composition to seal electronic device

Abstract: A resin composition is suitable to seal an electronic device, when cured, and comprises: (a) an unsaturated alicyclic epoxy ester compound obtained by reacting an alicyclic epoxy compound having at least two epoxy groups in the molecule with 0.5 to 1.1 equivalent, per equivalent of the epoxy group, of acrylic or methacrylic acid, (b) a polymerizable vinyl monomer, and (c) a photopolymerization initiator.

Acrylate resin gel coat composition

Abstract: Improved coating compositions which incorporate acrylate resins having multiple carbon-to-carbon bond unsaturation attached to the polymer chain through ester and/or urethane linkage are derived from the reaction product of: (1) an acrylate resin having multiple epoxide functionality attached to the polymer chain through an ester or ether linkage reacted with an unsaturated carboxylic acid preferably acrylic or methacrylic acid; or (2) an acrylate resin having multiple hydroxyl group functionality reacted with an organoisocyanate having 0.5 to 1.0 unit of carbon-to-carbon unsaturation per mole of isocyanate. Such coatings are particularly useful in formulating gel coat composites which exhibit hydrolytic stability and good weatherability.

Process for preparing methacrylimide-containing polymers

Abstract: Methacrylimide-containing polymers are continuously produced by introducing 10 to 60 wt. % of an inert solvent, 90 to 40 wt. % of methacrylic acid, a methacrylic acid ester or a monomer mixture comprising at least 50 wt. % of methacrylic acid or a methacrylic acid ester, and a radical polymerization initiator and a molecular weight modifier into a polymerization reaction zone, converting at least 80 wt. % of the charged monomer to a polymer at 60°-170° C., adding a compound represented by the formula: R--NH2 wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 7-11 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6-10 carbon atoms, to the polymerization reaction liquid, carrying out reaction of the resulting mixture at 150° to 300° C. in an imidization reaction zone, and finally separating volatile substances from the reaction fluid.

Study of the Isothermal Bulk Polymerization of Methacrylic Acid and Some Methacrylic Acid Esters by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Abstract: The course of the isothermal bulk polymerization of methacrylic acid and some methacrylic acid esters differing in the length of the ester group was studied by differential scanning calorimetry at different temperatures. The enthalpies of polymerization, the residual monomer content, the overall reaction rate constants, and the overall activation energies were calculated. The molecular weight averages of the synthesized polymers before and after the gel effect were measured by gel permeation chromatography.

Water soluble dispersant for water-based pigment compounds comprising a terpolymer of acrylic acid methacrylic acid and itaconic acid

Abstract: A water soluble ethylenic copolymer-based dispersant for water-based pigment compounds, comprising a liquid phase, a binder which is an emulsion polymer, especially without protective colloids and which contains a considerable density of anionic groups, of pigments wholly or partially reactive with regard to their medium by the creation of bonds between the particles of emulsion polymer and the metallic ion of the partially soluble reactive pigment, characterized by the fact that in order to confer on such water-based pigment compounds definable rheological characteristics, which can be adjusted in advance and remain stable over periods of time, the said water soluble dispersant is an acrylic, methacrylic and itaconic acid copolymer.

Fluorescence and energy migration in 2-vinylnaphthalene alternating and random copolymers with methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid

Abstract: La vitesse de migration d'energie des copolymeres alternes excede celle des copolymeres statistiques

Adhesive oral bandages and oral pharmaceutical preparations

Abstract: A polycarboxylic acid or anhydride, e.g. acrylic or methacrylic acid polymer or maleic anhydride polymer, is mixed with a vinyl acetate polymer preferably of viscosity-average molecular weight of at least 60,000, and optionally with a base capable of neutralising the acid or anhydride, e.g. a salt of a metal or a weak acid. The mixture in a mutual organic or aqueous organic solvent is cast on a sheet base and dried and peeled off to form an oral bandage, which may include a soft film support. The bandage shows strong adhesion for a period of at least 3 hours to the oral mucosa or teeth. A topical drug can be incorporated in the adhesive bandage, to form an oral pharmaceutical preparation from which the drug is gradually released.

Protective overcoat for photographic elements

Abstract: A polymer blend comprising cellulose nitrate and a polymer characterized in that (a) the polymer comprises at least 70 weight percent of polymerized recurring units derived from a hydrophobic monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, alkyl acrylates and alkyl methacrylates and 10 to 24 weight percent of polymerized recurring units derived from an acid monomer selected from the group consisting of methacrylic acid and acrylic acid; and (b) the blend comprises from 20 to 70 weight percent of cellulose nitrate and from 8 to 15 weight percent of the polymerized recurring acid monomer and is useful as a protective layer in radiation-sensitive elements.

H8 PMo10 VO39 and its anhydride, PMo10 VO35 and preparation therewith of methacrylic acid and its lower alkyl ester

Abstract: The molybdovanadophosphoric acid H 8 PMo 10 VO 39 , its PMo 10 VO 35 anhydride, methods for their preparation, and methods for making methacrylic acid and its esters by oxidation/dehydrogenation wherein the above acid and/or its anhydride is employed as a catalyst.

Pigment composition and preparation process thereof

Abstract: A pigment composition is composed of an intimate mixture of an organic pigment and a polymer. The content of the organic pigment is 75-95 wt. % based on the whole pigment composition. Monomers which form the polymer include 0-40 wt. % of styrene, 20-70 wt. % of a methacrylic ester and 20-50 wt. % of methacrylic acid. The total proportion of styrene, the methacrylic ester and methacrylic acid is at least 85 wt. % of the entire monomers. The pigment composition is prepared by mixing the organic pigment with an aqueous alkaline solution, which contains the polymer and an alkali metal salt, alkali metal hydroxide, lower amine or ammonium, to form an aqueous dispersion. The organic pigment and polymer are then subjected to coprecipitation, preferably, by lowering the pH of the aqueous dispersion beyond 7.0.

Production of methacrylic acid

Abstract: PURPOSE: To produce methacrylic acid in high selectivity and yield economically on an industrial scale even at a low reaction temperature, by the vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein with molecular O 2 in the presence of a specific catalyst composition having high activity and long catalytic life. CONSTITUTION: Methacrylic acid is produced by vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein with molecular O 2 and optionally an inert gas in the presence of a catalyst of formula (X is at least one kind of element selected from K, Rb, Cs and Tl; Y is at least one kind of element selected from Te, B and Al; aWi are atomic ratio of each element and a=0.3W4 and cWh=0.01W3 when b=12; i is number of oxygen atoms satisfying the atomic valence of each component) and produced by adding Fe, Ge and metals of the above X and Y components to a catalyst containing P, Mo, Ba and Cu, at 230W450°C under a pressure between atmospheric pressure and several atm. The concentration of methacrolein in the raw material gas is preferably 3W10vol%. COPYRIGHT: (C)1987,JPO&Japio

Photosensitive composition comprising a polymer with maleimido group in side chain and a diazo resin

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive composition suitable for the use in the preparation of a photosensitive lithographic plate. The photosensitive composition comprises (1) a polymer having a maleimido group in its side chain and being capable of being photocrosslinked, such as a copolymer of methyl methacrylate/N-[2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl]-2,3-dimethylmaleimide/methacrylic acid=15/65/20 (weight ratio) and (2) a diazo resin such as dodecylbenzenesulfonate of condensate of p-diazodiphenylamine and formaldehyde.

Cationic sizing agents for paper

Abstract: Cationic sizing agents for paper A b s t r a c t Cationic sizing agents for paper, obtainable by a process in which a water-soluble cationic terpolymer com-pound, built up in a chemically uniform manner, of a) 7 to 40% by weight of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate and/or methacrylate, b) 40 to 80% by weight of styrene and c) 4 to 50% by weight of acrylonitrile, the sum of components a) to c) always being 100% by weight and at least 10% of the dimethylamino groups of the terpolymer being quater-nized with monoepoxides, with the exception of epihalo-genohydrins, and the remainder being protonated, is dissolved in an aqueous medium and, in the presence of 10 to 70% by weight - based on the following monomer mixture -of this emulsifier, d) 5 to 95% by weight of acrylonitrile, meth-acrylonitrile or styrene or mixtures thereof and e) 5 to 95% by weight of acrylic acid ester and/or methacrylic acid ester with 1 to 12 C atoms in the alcohol radical -the sum of components d) and e) always being 100% by weight -are emulsified and the emulsion thus obtained is subjected to emulsion polymerization, initiated by free radicals, at temperatures of 20 to 150°C.