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Showing papers on "Methanol published in 1974"


Patent
23 Sep 1974
TL;DR: In this article, a process for the production of aromatics-rich gasoline boiling-range hydrocarbons from the lower alcohols methanol, ethanol and propanol, or their ethers is described.
Abstract: This specification discloses a process for the production of aromatics-rich gasoline boiling-range hydrocarbons from the lower alcohols methanol, ethanol and propanol, or their ethers. The process is carried out in two or more stages. In the first stage, an alcohol or an ether is contacted with a condensation catalyst to produce a reaction product containing aliphatic dehydration products thereof and water. In a subsequent stage, at least a portion of the product of the first reaction stage is contacted with, as a catalyst, a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index of 1 to 12 to convert it in high yield to gasoline boiling-range hydrocarbons containing a high proportion of aromatics. In a preferred aspect a lower alcohol, suitably methanol, is dehydrated to an ether or a lower olefin or mixtures thereof, in the first stage, and this first stage product is then converted, over the referred to catalyst, to gasoline boiling-range hydrocarbons.

126 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the surface interactions of single-component and multi-component adsystems were examined by means of ultrahigh vacuum techniques, including thermal flash desorption and residual gas analysis.

116 citations


Patent
23 Sep 1974
TL;DR: In this article, a catalyst consisting of a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12, a constraint index of about 1 to 12, and containing phosphorus incorporated with the crystal structure thereof in an amount of approximately 0.78 percent by weight.
Abstract: Methanol and dimethyl ether are converted to a reaction product containing olefins. The conversion is carried out employing a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12, a constraint index of about 1 to 12, and containing phosphorus incorporated with the crystal structure thereof in an amount of at least about 0.78 percent by weight.

104 citations


Patent
James C. Kuo1
23 Sep 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for the production of aromatics boiling in the gasoline boiling range from methanol carried out in two stages where a heat dissipating diluent is employed in the second stage during contact with a crystalline zeolite catalyst selective for the purpose and the first stage exothermic temperature rise is catalytically restricted.
Abstract: A process is described for the production of aromatics boiling in the gasoline boiling range from methanol carried out in two stages wherein a heat dissipating diluent is employed in the second stage during contact with a crystalline zeolite catalyst selective for the purpose and the first stage exothermic temperature rise is catalytically restricted.

88 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effect of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and t-butanol on the degree of dissociation of micelles over a wide range of alcohol concentration.

79 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Hematic microsomes catalyze the oxidation of methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol to their respective aldehydes and appear responsible, at least in part, for the alcohol metabolism by the alcohol dehydrogenase independent pathway of the liver.

71 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A possible explanation for this specificity, with regard to aldehydes, is presented in terms of degree of hydration of the aldehyde.
Abstract: Hyphomicrobium strain WC, Pseudomonas strain TP-1, and Pseudomonas strain W1 are capable of growth on methanol as the sole source of carbon and energy. Methanol-grown cells of each organism contain a primary alcohol dehydrogenase that has been purified to homogeneity. Each enzyme has a molecular weight of 120,000 and shows an in vitro requirement for phenazine methosulfate and ammonium ions for enzymatic activity. Normal aliphatic alcohols are oxidized rapidly by each enzyme. The presence of a methyl group on the carbon atom adjacent to the primary alcohol group lowers the enzymatic activity. This effect is reduced as the methyl substituent is moved further away from the hydroxyl group. The effect of other substituents on enzymatic activity is reported. Methanol, formaldehyde, and to a limited extent acetaldehyde are oxidized by the primary alcohol dehydrogenases. Higher aldehydes are not oxidized. A possible explanation for this specificity, with regard to aldehydes, is presented in terms of degree of hydration of the aldehyde.

69 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a rapid method for the measurement of ethanol or methanol has been developed by coupling amperometric hydrogen peroxide monitoring to the alcohol oxidase enzyme system, which can be measured within several seconds at concentrations as low as 0.5 mg/100 ml.

52 citations


Patent
26 Jul 1974
TL;DR: A methanol synthesis catalyst precursor comprises copper oxide and a support comprising spinel-forming metal oxides, spinel being present in crystallites not larger than 120 Angstrom units as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A methanol synthesis catalyst precursor comprises copper oxide and a support comprising spinel-forming metal oxides, spinel being present in crystallites not larger than 120 Angstrom units. Using catalyst prepared from such a precursor by reduction, methanol synthesis can be operated without catalyst changing for longer periods than when using a similar catalyst containing no spinel. A precipitation method for making the precursor is described.

51 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation of copolymers has been studied using thermogravimetry and thermal volatilization analysis; product analysis has been carried out by GLC and spectroscopy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comparison of pyridine nucleotide oxidation-reduction changes during ethanol infusion, and titrations with acetaldehyde in the absence and presence of 4-methylpyrazole (an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase), showed that at lower acetaldehyde concentrations commensurate with those occurring during ethanol oxidation, the evidence indicates that acetaldehyde is normally oxidized in the mitochondrial compartment.

Patent
Hartley Owen1, Paul B. Venuto1
17 Oct 1974
TL;DR: In this article, the distribution of methyl groups on C6 + aromatics formed in the process to desired products is particularly accomplished under selected temperature and reactant contact time conditions under selected reaction time conditions.
Abstract: Methanol is converted in a plurality of conversion zones at temperatures selected from within the range of 500° to 1200°F and reactant residence time within the range of 05 to 60 seconds in the presence of crystalline zeolite containing catalyst to particularly form products of desired volatility and octane in the gasoline boiling range The distribution of methyl groups on C6 + aromatics formed in the process to desired products is particularly accomplished under selected temperature and reactant contact time conditions

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid over the 5-phthalimido ester was shown to be a three-step process, where 5-bromolevulinate (30%) was obtained directly by brominating levulinic acids in methanol.
Abstract: Methyl 5-bromolevulinate (30%) is obtained directly by brominating levulinic acid in methanol. The synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid over the 5-phthalimido ester thus becomes a three-step one.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for the accurate determination of traces of lithium in rock samples is described, and some results obtained are presented together with relevant distribution coefficients, elution curves and results for the analysis of synthetic mixtures.

Patent
John C. Zahner1
23 Aug 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis gas is converted to a mixture of methanol and dimethyl ether using a modified methanoline synthesis catalyst under conditions conducive to converting it to the desired organic products.
Abstract: Conversion of synthesis gas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) having a smaller hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio than that required for methanol stoichiometry, i.e. 2 to 1, by passing such over a zinc-chromium-acid or copper-zinc alumina-acid modified methanol synthesis catalyst under conditions conducive to converting the synthesis gas to a mixture of methanol and dimethyl ether as the desirable organic products.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparative spectrophotometric studies of the cytochromes in extracts of three methanol utilisers are reported, using both intact organisms and extracts of Pseudomonas AMI and major groups of methane utilisers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that bilirubin conjugates derived from rat bile undergo rapid transesterification, in vitro, in solutions containing methanol.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a dynamic mass spectrometer system is described which utilises fast detection techniques to follow pressure surges of gaseous product initiated by incidence of 30 µs flashes of u.v. photons onto ZnO or TiO2 surfaces pretreated in vacuo at 10 −6 Nm-2.
Abstract: A dynamic mass spectrometer system is described which utilises fast detection techniques to follow pressure surges of gaseous product initiated by incidence of 30 µs flashes of u.v. photons onto ZnO or TiO2 surfaces pretreated in vacuo at 10–6 Nm–2. A difficulty inherent to the system is appearance of “system” transients corresponding to flash-initiated growth in ion currents at m/e= 44, 28, 16 and 12, corresponding to photo-desorption of carbon oxides from walls of the system. Addition of ZnO samples to the system caused appearance of a new transient at m/e= 32, consistent with photoassisted release of O2 from the ZnO surface. Rutile samples similarly treated did not give rise to a comparable O2 transient. Presence of electron-attaching methyl halides at pressures 10–5-10–3 N m–2 over the ZnO or TiO2 surfaces during flashes resulted in only a small transient at m/e= 19, corresponding to growth of CD3H from CD3I/ZnO with ϕ(CD3H)≈ 10–6. Presence of adsorbed, hole-trapping methanol and ethanol resulted in photo-assisted formation of formaldehyde or acetaldehyde and observed yields correspond approximately to quantum efficiencies of 10–4 for these photoassisted dehydrogenation processes. Use of the deuterated ethanol showed that photodesorption occurred accompanied by H/D exchange involving one deuterium atom in the originally adsorbed alcohol. For flash-illuminated ethanol/ZnO systems the mass distribution of transients could best be accounted for as a combination of flash desorption of alcohol, photoassisted formation of acetaldehyde and photoassisted formation of ethylene. The importance of photodegradation of strongly adsorbed ethanol in these photoassisted surface processes was demonstrated by observations that a ratio of 1 : 4 : 9 observed between them when ethanol was present over the ZnO surface during the flash changed to 1 : 10 : 80 when flashes were deliverd to the surface after all gaseous alcohol was removed. For ethanol/TiO2 systems, flash desorption of alcohol, plus photoassisted formation of acetaldehyde and ethylene were the main flash-initiated processes. Results are briefly compared with various models of the flash illuminated gas/oxide interface

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde on silver catalysts at about 420 °C and atmospheric pressure in a fixed-bed differential reactor.


Patent
03 Sep 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a supported catalyst whose active phase contains mainly molybdenum and iron was manufactured by impregnating a carrier with an aqueous solution of alkanolamine and a complex of the active phase elements, drying and thereafter roasting the impregnated carrier.
Abstract: Process for manufacturing a supported catalyst whose active phase contains mainly molybdenum and iron by impregnating a carrier with an aqueous solution of alkanolamine and a complex of the active phase elements, drying and thereafter roasting the impregnated carrier.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pseudomonas C was grown in continuous culture on methanol, formaldehyde, or formate as sole carbon source and at low cell concentrations or growth rates a beneficial effect of CO(2) was observed.
Abstract: Pseudomonas C was grown in continuous culture on methanol, formaldehyde, or formate as sole carbon source. On methanol μmax = 0.49/h and yield constant (Y) = 0.54; on formaldehyde and on unsupplemented media, μmax was about 0.2/h and Y was 0.15, whereas addition of p-aminobenzoic acid, folic acid, serine, or glycine to the medium raised Y to about 0.26 to 0.29, and addition of p-aminobenzoic acid, folic acid, serine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and Tween 80 raised the yield to 0.35. On formate and on unsupplemented media, μmax = 0.2/h and Y = 0.02, whereas addition of 0.1 mM p-aminobenzoic acid increased μmax to about 0.47 and Y to about 0.23. At low cell concentrations or growth rates a beneficial effect of CO2 was observed. Formaldehyde or formate, when added together with methanol, were utilized simultaneously with the methanol.

Patent
03 Jul 1974
TL;DR: In this article, a carbonaceous material gasification zone, in series with a (water gas) shift conversion zone, a sulfur compound and carbon dioxide removal zone, and a methanol synthesis zone, was discussed.
Abstract: OF THE DISCLOSURE Methanol and synthetic natural gas are concurrently produced by operating sequentially a carbonaceous material gasification zone, in series with a (water gas) shift conversion zone, in series with a sulfur compound and carbon dioxide removal zone, in series with a methanol synthesis zone and in series with a methanation zone.

Patent
25 Mar 1974
TL;DR: In this article, a gaseous stream (such as a "sour" natural gas stream) composed of a mixture of a normally Gaseous light hydrocarbon or alkane, such as methane, ethane, propane, or mixtures thereof, containing undesirable constituents, impurities or contaminants, including carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, water vapor, nitrogen and helium, is mixed with a polar organic liquid.
Abstract: A gaseous stream (such as a "sour" natural gas stream) composed chiefly of a normally gaseous light hydrocarbon or alkane, such as methane, ethane, propane, or mixtures thereof, containing undesirable constituents, impurities or contaminants, such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, water vapor, nitrogen and helium, is mixed with a polar organic liquid, such as methanol, or an aqueous solution of said liquid, such as an aqueous solution of methanol The resulting mixture is cooled and liquefied and the resulting two-phase liquid mixture (comprising a light phase rich in the desired light hydrocarbon and an impurities-rich heavy phase of said polar organic liquid) is extracted with said polar organic liquid to recover said light hydrocarbon in the liquefied state, eg as liquefied, "sweet" natural gas

Patent
05 Nov 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture of methyl acrylate with acrylic acid is prepared by passing through a fluidized bed of catalyst, a gaseous mixture comprising acrolein, methanol and oxygen fed at the bottom of the catalytic bed.
Abstract: Methyl acrylate or a mixture of methyl acrylate with acrylic acid are prepared by passing through a fluidized bed of catalyst a gaseous mixture comprising acrolein, methanol and oxygen fed at the bottom of the catalytic bed. A further amount of methanol is fed at one intermediate point at least, between the top and bottom of the catalytic bed. The catalyst is defined by one of the general formulae: Mo a V b Me c O x Mo a W d Me c O y Mo a V b W d Me c O z Wherein Me is Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Au, Hg, Na, Ba, Ca, Ce, Bi, Th, U, Pb, Sb, Sn, P or B; and wherein a is a value from 6 to 12, b from 1 to 6, c from 0 to 5, d from 1 to 6, x from 20.5 to 58.5, y from 21 to 61.5 and z from 23.5 to 76.5.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the association reaction between erbium(III) and nitrate ion through the use of the ultrasonic relaxation technique in solvent mixtures of methanol and water.