Showing papers on "Methanol published in 1985"

Synthesis of ethylene and ethane by partial oxidation of methane over lithium-doped magnesium oxide

Abstract: The partial oxidation of methane into more useful chemicals such as methanol, ethylene and benzene has been investigated extensively, although yields for these products have been poor1–4. Moreover, in several of these processes the required oxidant is N2O rather than O2. Recent work5 in our laboratory has demonstrated that lithium-doped magnesium oxide (Li/MgO) in the presence of O2 has high activity for abstracting H from CH4 to form ·CH3 radicals. This suggests that C2H6 and C2H4 (C2 compounds) are produced by a coupling between two gaseous ·CH3 radicals formed on this catalyst. We report here our success in converting CH4 to C2 compounds in high yields in conventional catalytic conditions.

Methanosphaera stadtmaniae gen. nov., sp. nov.: a species that forms methane by reducing methanol with hydrogen.

Abstract: Methanosphaera stadtmaniae is a non-motile, Gram-positive spherical-shaped organism that obtains energy for growth by using hydrogen to reduce methanol to methane. It does not produce methane from hydrogen and carbon dioxide, formate, acetate or methylamines and cannot grow with hydrogen and carbon monoxide, nitrate, fumarate, sulfate or choline. Its pH optimum is 6.5 to 6.9 and its temperature optimum is 36° to 40° C. It is not inhibited by bile salts, inhibitors of the synthesis of folic acid coenzymes, cephalothin or clindamycin but is inhibited by metronidazole, bacitracin, monensin, lasalocid, or bromoethanesulfonate. It requires acetate, carbon dioxide, isoleucine, ammonium, and thiamin for growth and biotin is stimulatory. It does not contain cytochromes and the mol % G+C of its DNA is 25.8. The composition of its cell wall and 16 S rRNA and its immunological fingerprint are consistent with characterization of the organism as a member of a new genus of the family Methanobacteriaceae. The habitat of the type strain is the human large intestine.

NMR and Raman study of the hydrolysis reaction in sol-gel processes

Abstract: Donnees theoriques et cas de l'hydrolyse de tetramethylorthosilicate, Si(OCH 3 ) 4 en solution dans du methanol ou du formamide

Process for the production of alcohols

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of an aliphatic alcohol having at least two carbon atoms, preferably ethanol, from a carbonaceous feedstock, preferably natural gas, via an intermediate aliphatic alcohol having one less carbon atom, preferably methanol, via an intermediate compound containing the group CH 3 (CH 2 )n C(O)-, preferably acetic acid. The feedstock is reformed and the synthesis gas formed is separated, preferably by a PSA unit, into three different streams which are used in the three stage process, one of which streams is a pure hydrogen stream which can be used for the concurrent production of ammonia. The ethanol formed is useful as a petrol extender and octane improver for automobile fuel.

Methanol, formaldehyde, and formic acid adsorption on methanol synthesis catalysts

Abstract: Etudes par spectroscopie de transmission IR de l'adsorption de methanol, formaldehyde et acide formique sur Cu/ZnO et Cu/ZnO/Cr 2 O 3 . Considerations sur les dissociations observees dans certains cas

Comparison of the chemical properties of the zinc-polar, the oxygen-polar, and the nonpolar surfaces of ZnO

Abstract: The temperature programmed decomposition results of methanol, formaldehyde, and formic acid on an O-polar (0001) surface of ZnO are presented. From these results, and similar ones for the Zn-polar (0001) and the nonpolar (1010) and (5051) surfaces, a comparison of the properties of the different ZnO surfaces are made. Oxygen-containing molecules that possess strong dipole moments, such as alcohols, formaldehyde, acetone, and formic acid, interact most strongly with the Zn-polar face, less strongly with the nonpolar face, and least strongly with the O-polar face. This leads to the observed differences in the desorption temperature of molecular desorption, temperature of evolution of the decomposition products, and the fraction of methanol decomposed. These differences are explained by the different magnitudes and orientations of surface dipole moments, a different degree of ionicity of the surface Zn ions, and a different degree of steric hindrance of surface Zn ions for the different surfaces. Desorption of other molecules, such as propene and CO, whose adsorption is dominated by different types of interaction than the alcohols and aldehydes, shows different dependence on the surface structure. 37 references, 5 figures, 3 tables.

Self-association of alcohols in inert solvents. Apparent heat capacities and volumes of linear alcohols in hydrocarbons

Abstract: Apparent molar heat capacities, ϕC, and volumes, ϕV, have been measured for methanol, hexan-1-ol and decan-1-ol in n-alkane solvents between xROH= 0.001 and 0.2 at 10, 25 and 40 °C. The apparent molar heat capacities show a maximum against concentration which increases and moves to lower alcohol concentrations as the temperature decreases. This leads to a negative dϕC/dT at low alcohol concentrations, changing sign at higher alcohol concentrations. The Treszczanowicz–Kehiaian model for self-associated liquids + inert solvents explains these concentration and temperature dependences in terms of alcohol self-association through hydrogen bonds. Tetramers are the predominant species, dimers being almost absent even at very low alcohol concentrations. The excess heat capacity, CEp, and dCEp/dT of the mixtures are of different sign in the following approximate concentration ranges: (I) for xROH > 0.01, CEp and dCEp/dT > 0, (II) for 0.005 0 and dCEp/dT < 0 and (III) for xROH < 0.005, CEp and dCEp/dT < 0. This behaviour is explained quantitatively by the Treszczanowicz–Kehiahian theory and is believed to occur in all associated + inert liquid systems. The apparent molar volumes increase rapidly as the concentration of alcohol decreases, corresponding to a destruction of the tetramers. ϕC and ϕV have also been measured for methanol dissolved in an active solvent, methyl acetate. The radically different results indicate that hydrogen bonding between the alcohol and the solvent has replaced self-association as the predominant influence on the thermodynamics.

Stepwise reduction of carbon dioxide to formaldehyde and methanol: reactions of carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide like molecules with hydridochlorobis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium(IV)

Abstract: Mise en evidence de 2 etapes, la premiere conduisant au formaldehyde et a [cp 2 Zr(Cl)] 2 O et l'autre mettant en jeu la reduction du formaldehyde en un coordinat methoxy dans [cp 2 Z(OCH 3 )(Cl)] par [cp 2 Z(Cl)(H)]

Electrochemical reduction of aqueous carbon dioxide to methanol

Abstract: A method of producing methanol from carbon dioxide is set forth. A solution of carbon dioxide in an aqueous solvent having electrolyte dissolved therein is electrolyzed utilizing a molybdenum cathode. Faradaic efficiency is generally quite high and without detectable corrosion.

Self-diffusion in monohydric alcohols under pressure. Methanol, methan(2H)ol and ethanol

Abstract: Measurements are reported for the self-diffusion under pressures up to 300 MPa of methanol from 278 to 328 K and methan(2H)ol from 214 to 343 K. Data are also given for self-diffusion of ethanol under pressure, and ethan (2H)ol at 0.1 MPa, at 298 K. In methanol there is a large effect due to the isotopic substitution [D(CH3OH)/D(CH3O2H)≈ 1.1] and there appears to be a correlation with the square root of the moments of inertia of the two isotopic species. Ethanol shows a similar, but much smaller, effect. The data for methanol and methan(2H)ol are fitted well by a rough hard-spheres treatment with temperature-dependent roughness parameters and also by a smooth hard-spheres correlation with a temperature-dependent molecular diameter.