Topic
Methanol
About: Methanol is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 38663 publications have been published within this topic receiving 854883 citations. The topic is also known as: methyl alcohol & wood alcohol.
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TL;DR: In this article, the results of the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol to produce biodiesel using CaO nanoparticles supported on NaX zeolite as catalyst were reported.
Abstract: Biodiesel is produced by the transesterification of oil triglycerides with methanol or ethanol, in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. This study aims to report the results of the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol to produce biodiesel using CaO nanoparticles supported on NaX zeolite as catalyst. The effect of the CaO nanoparticles concentration on the NaX zeolite surface was studied in the range of 5−25 wt %. The transesterification reaction was carried out at reflux temperature of methanol, atmospheric pressure, a reaction time of 6 h, and with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to sunflower oil. Catalyst characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was concluded that methyl esters content is highly influenced by basicity and that the best catalyst was the one holding 16 wt % CaO nanoparticles. The produced biodiesel was 93.5% methyl esters and was found to fulfill the specifications of Europ...
1,687 citations
TL;DR: Increasing research efforts are carried out to design and develop more efficient anode electrocatalysts for DAFCs, which are attracting increasing interest as power sources for portable applications.
Abstract: Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) are attracting increasing interest as power sources for portable applications due to some unquestionable advantages over analogous devices fed with hydrogen.1 Alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol, exhibit high volumetric energy density, and their storage and transport are much easier as compared to hydrogen. On the other hand, the oxidation kinetics of any alcohol are much slower and still H2-fueled polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs) exhibit superior electrical performance as compared to DAFCs with comparable electroactive surface areas.2,3 Increasing research efforts are therefore being carried out to design and develop more efficient anode electrocatalysts for DAFCs.
1,427 citations
TL;DR: This Review presents several commercial MTH projects that have recently been realized, and also fundamental research into the synthesis of microporous materials for the targeted variation of selectivity and lifetime of the catalysts.
Abstract: Liquid hydrocarbon fuels play an essential part in the global energy chain, owing to their high energy density and easy transportability. Olefins play a similar role in the production of consumer goods. In a post-oil society, fuel and olefin production will rely on alternative carbon sources, such as biomass, coal, natural gas, and CO(2). The methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) process is a key step in such routes, and can be tuned into production of gasoline-rich (methanol to gasoline; MTG) or olefin-rich (methanol to olefins; MTO) product mixtures by proper choice of catalyst and reaction conditions. This Review presents several commercial MTH projects that have recently been realized, and also fundamental research into the synthesis of microporous materials for the targeted variation of selectivity and lifetime of the catalysts.
1,379 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the conversion of methanol and other O-compounds to C 2 ǫC 10 hydrocarbons using a new class of shape-selective zeolites is reported.
1,250 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the type of alcohol, 1-butanol or methanol (MeOH), molar ratio of alcohol to SBO, type and amount of catalyst, and reaction temperature on rate constants and kinetic order were examined.
Abstract: Transesterification of soybean oil (SBO) and other triglycerides with alcohols, in the presence of a catalyst, yields fatty esters and glycerol. Di- and monoglycerides are intermediates. Reactions are consecutive and reversible. Rate constants have been determined for each reaction with a computerized kinetic program. The effects of the type of alcohol, 1-butanol or methanol (MeOH); molar ratio of alcohol to SBO; type and amount of catalyst; and reaction temperature on rate constants and kinetic order were examined. Forward reactions appear to be pseudo-first order or second order depending upon conditions used. Reverse reactions appear to be second order. At a molar ratio of MeOH/SBO of 6:1, a shunt reaction was observed. Energy of activation was determined for all forward and reverse reactions under a variety of experimental conditions from plots of log k vs 1/T. Values ranged from 8–20 kcal/mol.
1,215 citations