Showing papers on "Methyl isobutyl ketone published in 1987"

Elemental speciation via high-performance liquid chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic detection: application of a direct injection nebulizer

Abstract: An evaluation is presented of a direct injection nebulizer (DIN) interfaced to a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic (ICP-AES) detection for simultaneous multielement speciation. The limits of detection (LODs) obtained with the DIN interface in the HPLC mode were found to be comparable to those obtained by continuous-flow sample introduction into the ICP, or inferior by up to only a factor of 4. In addition, the DIN allowed for the direct injection into the ICP of a variety of common HPLC solvents (up to 100% methanol, acetonitrile, methyl isobutyl ketone, pyridine, and water). The HPLC-DIN-ICP-AES system was compared to other HPLC-atomic spectroscopic detection techniques and was found to offer substantial improvement over the alternative on-line, detection methods in terms of LODs. Representative applications of the HPLC-DIN-ICP-AES system to the elemental speciation of coal process streams, shale oil, solvent refined coal, and crude oil are presented.

Photosensitive compositions and a method of patterning using the same

Abstract: The invention provides a novel and improved photosensitive or photocurable composition useful as a photoresist material in the manufacturing process of semiconductor devices such as LSIs by the lithographic process involving etching, in particular, with low temperature plasma in a dry process. The photoresist layer formed of the inventive composition is highly resistant against damages even by direct contacting with a photomask used in the pattern-wise exposure of the photoresist to light owing to the improved pliability thereof and good adhesion to the substrate surface in addition to the stability against the attack by the plasma. The composition comprises (a) a phenolic polymer, e.g. a novolac resin or a polymer of a hydroxystyrene, (b) an aromatic azide compound and (c) a polymer of a vinyl alkyl ether, the amounts of the compounds (b) and (c) being limited relative to the amount of the component (a). Best results of the pattern reproduction can be obtained only when the developer liquid following the patternwise irradiation of the photoresist layer is a specific solvent mixture which is a mixture of isoamyl acetate and methyl isobutyl ketone, isopropyl alcohol and xylene, or isoamyl acetate and ethyleneglycol monomethyl ether acetate in a specified weight proportion.

An in situ study of dissolution and swelling behavior of poly‐(methyl methacrylate) thin films in solvent/nonsolvent binary mixtures

Abstract: A single‐element rotating‐polarizer ellipsometer (psi‐meter) was used for in situ characterization of the thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of poly‐(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, thin films (1.2 μm) in solvent/nonsolvent binary mixtures of methyl ethyl ketone/isopropanol (MEK/IPA) and methyl isobutyl ketone/methanol (MIBK/MeOH). Thermodynamic effects were inferred from equilibrium behavior by the degree of swelling and polymer‐solvent solubility. A sharp transition between complete solubility and almost total insolubility was observed in a narrow concentration range near 50:50 (by volume) solvent/nonsolvent for both MEK/IPA and MIBK/MeOH. In the insoluble regime, the polymer was found to swell up to three times the initial thickness. At 50:50 MEK/IPA, a temperature decrease from 24.8 to 18.4 °C caused a change from complete dissolution to combined swelling/dissolution behavior and rendered the PMMA film only 68% soluble. Kinetic effects were determined by dissolution and penetration rate measurements. A constant penetration velocity was observed for almost all compositions for both binary solvent mixtures with Case II transport assumptions providing good agreement with experimental results. For MEK/IPA, penetration rates increased with increasing MEK concentration. For MIBK/MeOH, however, a maximum was observed at 60:40 MIBK/MeOH.

Solvent extraction of metals using LIX26 extractant

Abstract: Solvent extraction of some selected metals from an aqueous buffered solution by LIX26 extractant has been studied. The pH1/2 values (at which 50% of metal ion is extracted) for extracting different metals by 1 v/v% LIX26 extractant in methyl isobutyl ketone have been obtained. The order of extraction of metals by LIX26 extractant as a function of pH1/2 value is Pd(II)

Trace analysis of volatile polar organics by direct aqueous injection gas chromatography

Abstract: Procedures for the quantitative analysis of industrial effluents which involve concentration by solvent extraction or the purge-and-trap method are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to error. Direct aqueous injection gas chromatography using an electron-capture detector for the analysis of volatile halocarbons at the ppb level is in routine use in many laboratories. We now discuss the development of a similar protocol for the analysis of volatile polar organics such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and tretrahydrofuran using a flame-ionization detector.

Protective coatings for gas tank containers

Abstract: A corrosion resistant coating for application to a metal substrate including powdered metal selected from the group consisting essentially of zinc, cadmium, stainless steel, aluminum and alloys and blends thereof; a linear epoxy or phenoxy resin having a molecular weight of less than 15,000 and essentially no highly reactive terminal epoxy group; a cross-linking urethane resin; an active organic solvent selected from the group consisting essentially of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, dimethylformamide, and blends thereof; and an inactive organic solvent selected from the group consisting essentially of aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, and blends thereof.

Separation of99mTc from parent99Mo by solid-phase column extraction as a simple option for a new99mTc generator concept

Abstract: Evidence is obtained to show that the liquidliquid extraction separation of99mTc from99Mo with methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone can be transformed into a solid-phase column extraction procedure. The aqueous alkaline99molybdate solution is immobilized on a column of a granular large-pore diatomaceous earch support, which is the neluted with the abovementioned extractants. Rapid and clean separation of99mTc can be with all three solvents. The99mTc can be back-extracted from the organic phase on a column filled with distilled water /or saline/ loaded granular diatomaceous earth /Extrelut®/. The possibility of using the abovementioned procedure as a basis for a new99mTc/99Mo generator concept is envisaged.

Determination of Fe and Zn in biological samples by radiochemical neutron activation analysis

Abstract: Radiochemical NAA methods have been developed for the simultaneous determination of Fe and Zn in biological samples. The method involves reactor irradiation, dissolution in 3M HCl and solvent extraction followed by counting on a scintillation gamma-ray spectrometer. Iron was separated with aqueous cupferron and extracted into chloroform while Zn was extracted with 2-thenoyl trifluoroacetone (TTA) into methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). Reaction conditions such as pH and the effect of solvents and various ions were studied using tracer activities. The methods have been employed for trace level determination of Fe and Zn in NBS, SRMs, Bowen's Kale, IAEA CRMs and other plant leaves.

Alumina catalyst for catalytic production of methyl isobutyl ketone from acetone

Abstract: Alumina (preferably gamma type) is soaked in an aqueous solution of niobium compound, e.g. niobium hydroxide or hydrated niobium oxide each in oxalic acid, e.g. for 3 hours, the soaked alumina is removed, dried and calcined at 150-­500°C to form a carrier comprising 50-95 wt% of alumina and 5-50 wt% of niobium oxide. Palladium is supported on the carrier before or after the process, in amount of 0.01-5 wt%. The resultant catalyst is used in a one-stage reaction in which acetone and hydrogen are reacted at a temperature of 80-250°C and a pressure of atmospheric to 50 atms, in fixed bed flow over the catalyst in a reactor or by suspending the catalyst in acetone and blowing the hydrogen therethrough; the product is methyl isobutyl ketone in a selectivity of at least 90% and an acetone conversion rate of at least 28%. The catalyst has good activity and long life.

Dissolution characteristics of poly(methyl methacrylate) as an X-ray resist

Abstract: A reversion in the dissolution characteristics of X-ray irradiated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is shown experimentally, and a model is developed to explain the behaviour. The PMMA has been irradiated with 11 kV Cu X-rays to doses up to 240 μA∙min∙cm−2 at dose rates of 4 and 8 μA∙cm−2. The doses are determined by photoelectron emission and are therefore only relative measurements. The dissolution rate of the irradiated PMMA in a 1:2 developer of methyl isobutyl ketone and isopropyl alcohol is measured as a function of X-ray dose. For the first time, a model is developed that predicts this reversion in the dissolution rate. For the model to predict a reversion point, it is necessary to treat the processes of chain scission and cross-linking as operating on separate sites. The main requirement here is that cross-linked bonds do not become sites for scission. If this requirement is not made, no reversion is predicted.

Inhibitor of enzyme transforming angiotensin

Abstract: PURPOSE: To produce the title inhibitor as a natural product, which is composed of tea polyphenol and used in treatment for hypertension without side-effects, from tea leaves. CONSTITUTION: Raw tea leaves or leaves of unfermented tea, half-fermented tea, roasted tea or instant tea are rinsed with a mixture of a hydrophilic solvent and a hydrophobic solvent where they are miscible with each other to remove caffeine and pigments, then, the solvents are evaporated off. An adequate amount of water is added to make the leaves wet and the leaves are brought into contact with an organic solvent such as methyl isobutyl ketone to extract a component containing catechin. The solvent is evaporated off from the extract and the concentrate is subjected to high-speed liquid chromatography of a reversed phase column using acetone-tetrahydrofuran-water = 0W25:0W35:65W85(vol.%) mixed solvent as an eluent to obtain tea polyphenols of formulas IWIII (R 1W2 is H, group of formula IV). COPYRIGHT: (C)1988,JPO&Japio

The effects of electrical charge upon mass transfer from drops exhibiting interfacial turbulence

Abstract: An experimental study of the effects of an applied electric field upon mass transfer from drops exhibiting interfacial turbulence was conducted. Water drops from which methyl isobutyl ketone was desorbing into air were seen to exhibit interfacial turbulence. An applied electric field was observed to decrease the turbulence as well as to reduce the desorption of the solute. Experiments were conducted with a variety of capillaries (18, 20, and 22 gauge hypodermic needles) and field strengths up to 4 Kv/cm such that the charged drop size and formation time were kept constant. The desorption efficiency was found to decrease with field strength up to a maximum reduction of 26-50% at the higher fields strengths. These results were comparable to those obtained with the addition of a nonionic surfactant.

Dissolution And Swelling Studies Of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Resist Films

Abstract: The swelling and dissolution of thin film poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), and in solvent/nonsolvent mixtures of MIBK/methanol and methyl ethyl ketone/isopropanol have been investigated. Films were monitored using in situ ellipsometry. Parametric studies of the effects of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, softbaking quench rate, solvent size, and temperature were performed with MIBK. These parameters were shown to have a significant effect on dissolution. The effects of solvent composition and temperature on swelling and dissolution were investigated with the binary solvents. Ternary diagrams based on Flory-Huggins interaction parameters were used to interpret the thermodynamics of swelling and dissolution. A narrow transition region (NTR) where the developer changed from a swelling to dissolving agent with a small change in composition or temperature was observed.

Production of chromium chloride

Abstract: PURPOSE:To produce high-purity chromium chloride in high efficiency, by dissolving thermally concentrated solution of chromium chloride in dilute hydrochloric acid and treating the solution with a cation exchange resin. CONSTITUTION:A high-carbon ferrochrome or reduced and sintered pellet of chromium ore is crushed to =1N hydrochloric acid and filtered to remove the undissolved residue component. The obtained stock Cr-Fe liquid is added with an oxidizing agent such as Cl2 to oxidize iron in the stock liquid to 3-valent iron ion. After adjusting the hydrochloric acid concentration of 3-8N, the stock liquid is made to contact with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) to extract and separate iron chloride and to obtain a chromium chloride solution. The solution is thermally concentration at <=250 deg.C to an extent to leave a water of crystallization in a state of syrup. The obtained concentrate is dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid having a concentration of <=1N and treated with a cation exchange resin.

Recovery of catalyst for production of phenylpyruvic acid

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the objective compound in high yield and to recover catalyst, by reacting benzyl chloride with CO in the presence of a Co carbonyl catalyst and an alkaline earth metal base in a mixture of water and a solvent hardly soluble in water and separating the reaction product from a solvent layer containing the catalyst. CONSTITUTION:The titled substance is produced by reacting benzyl chloride with CO in the presence of Co carbonyl catalyst and an alkaline earth metal base. The reaction is carried out at 40-100 deg.C while adding water and a solvent hardly soluble in water (e.g. methyl isobutyl ketone, acetophenone, etc.) to the reaction system. The reaction solution is filtered and separated into a solid fraction composed of an alkaline earth metal salt of phenylpyruvic acid, an aqueous layer containing an alkaline earth metal salt of phenylacetic acid and a hardly water-soluble solvent layer containing Co carbonyl catalyst. The objective compound is separated from the solid fraction and the solvent layer is recycled to the reaction system and reused. USE:Production raw material for phenylalanine (a raw material of sweetener).

Production of 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the objective material by oxidizing 2,6-diiso propylnaphthalene, subjecting the resultant dihydroperoxide to acid decomposi tion, adding an aromatic hydrocarbon to the reaction mixture to extract and remove the by-products and contacting the remaining solution with activated carbon. CONSTITUTION:An oxidation reaction mixture containing 2,6-diiso propylnaphthalene dihydroperoxide and by-products and produced by the oxida tion of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene is added with methyl isobutyl ketone and an organic phase is separated from the mixture. The organic phase is used as a raw material for acid decomposition and subjected to acid decomposition in the presence of an acidic catalyst and hydrogen peroxide. An aromatic hydro carbon (e.g. benzene, cumene, etc.) is added to the reaction mixture to extract the by-products and precipitate the titled substance in the form of crude crystal. The crystal is dissolved in a solvent such as a mixture of water and acetone under heating, treated with activated carbon and cooled to obtain the purified objective compound. EFFECT:The objective compound can be produced in an extremely high purity.

Production of phenylpyruvic acid

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the titled substance by reacting benzyl chloride with CO and an alkaline earth metal base in the presence of a Co carbonyl catalyst using water and a solvent hardly soluble in water as the reaction solvent CONSTITUTION:The titled substance is produced by reacting benzyl chloride with CO in the presence of Co carbonyl catalyst (preferably dicobalt octacarbonyl) and an alkaline earth metal base [preferably Ca(OH)2] The reaction is carried out in the presence of water and a solvent hardly soluble in water (preferably methyl isobutyl ketone or acetophenone) under CO pressure of atmospheric pressure - 100kg/cm at 40-100 degC The reaction solution is filtered to obtain an alkali metal salt of the titled substance as a solid the layer of the hardly water-soluble solvent containing the catalyst is recycled to the reaction system as it is and reused USE:Production raw material for phenylalanine (a raw material of sweetener)

Poly(allylsilsesquioxane) and production thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a poly(allylsilsesquioxane) soluble in organic solvent, by hydrolyzing allyltrichlorosilane with sodium bicarbonate and carrying out the polycondensation of the resultant prepolymer using a tertiary amine. CONSTITUTION:The objective poly(allylsilsesquioxane) of formula can be produced by (1) hydrolyzing allyltrichlorosilane with sodium bicarbonate in a mixture of an ether solvent (e.g. diethyl ether) and water and (2) subjecting the resultant prepolymer to polycondensation with a tertiary amine (e.g. triethylamine) in a ketone solvent (e.g. methyl isobutyl ketone). A film of the obtained poly(allylsilsesquioxane) is resistant to thermal curing even in the absence of silylation treatment and keeps the solubility in organic solvent. It is suitable as a resist for electron radiation, etc.

Method for purifying aqueous solution of ferric chloride

Abstract: PURPOSE:To subject FeCl3 to back extraction in high back extraction ratio and to make it possible to produce high-purity iron oxide in high efficiency and in high purity, by subjecting FeCl3 to back extraction from an ion association solvent having extracted FeCl3 by the use of an aqueous solution of NH4OH. CONSTITUTION:FeCl3 is extracted with an ion association solvent such as methyl isobutyl ketone, etc., from an aqueous solution comprising FeCl3 such as one obtained by oxidizing acid washing waste liquor of hydrochloric acid for steel plate, etc., as a main component by the use of the ion association solvent under an acidic condition of hydrochloric acid. From the extracted solution FeCl3 is subjected to back extraction by the use of an aqueous solution of NH4OH into the aqueous solution of NH4OH. Then the solution of back extraction is neutralized with NH4OH water to form Fe(OH)3 precipitate, which is dried and calcined to produce high-purity Fe2O3. FeCl3 can be subjected to back extraction in high back extraction ratio by using the aqueous solution of NH4OH, therefore this process is advantageous in terms of yield and treatment cost can be reduced by increase in iron concentration in the solution of back extraction. The prepared Fe2O3 has >=99.9% purity and can be adopted as raw material ferrite for high-performance electronic parts.

Polym acrylic/diene i.p.o. methylisobutylketone and ionic surfactant

Abstract: A process for the emulsion copolymerization of functionalized monomers wherein the improvement comprises the use of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as a solvent and elevated soap levels in the polymerization.

Use of inorganic standards in atomic absorption analysis of fuels

Abstract: Results are examined from developing a standardization system for atomic absorption spectroscopic determination of metal contents in fuels. Reagent-grade inorganic metal salts were used as calibration standards. A mixed solvent consisting of methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, and hydrochloric acid was used to dissolve and dilute the samples and standards. Calibration solutions were prepared by dissolving chlorides of the metals to be determined. The dependence of optical density of the mixed and individual calibration solutions on the concentration of the metals was studied to investigate the matrix effect in connection with their possible mutual influence. Calibration plots are given. The method was used on jet fuels, gas turbine fuels, diesel fuels, and residual fuel oils.

An improved process for the incorporation of functionalized monomers

Abstract: A process for the emulsion copolymerization of functionalized monomers wherein the improvement comprises the use of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as a solvent and elevated soap levels in the polymerization.