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Showing papers on "Methyl isobutyl ketone published in 1996"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the selectivity of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in a batch mode in the presence of a series of dealuminated H-form mordenites as catalysts, at 165°C, and in a solvent mixture consisting of water and methyl isobutyl ketone.
Abstract: Dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was performed in a batch mode in the presence of a series of dealuminated H-form mordenites as catalysts, at 165°C, and in a solvent mixture consisting of water and methyl isobutyl ketone (1:5 by volume). Under the operating conditions used, the reaction was not controlled by external or internal diffusional limitations. Fructose conversion and selectivity to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were found to depend on acidic and structural properties of the catalysts used as well as on the micropore vs. mesopore volume distribution of those catalysts. A maximum in the rate of conversion of fructose was observed for the H-mordenite with a Si/Al ratio of 11. A maximum in the selectivity to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was observed only for H-mordenites with a low mesoporous volume. The high selectivity obtained (>90%) was correlated with the shape selectivity properties of H-mordenites (bidimensional structure), and particularly with the absence of cavities within the structure allowing further formation of secondary products. The influence of the microporosity vs. mesoporosity on the selectivity to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was also studied, the formation of mesopores upon dealumination procedures being damaging to obtain a high selectivity. A significant increase in the selectivity (10%) was also obtained by simultaneous extraction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with methyl isobutyl ketone circulating in a countercurrent manner in a continuous catalytic heterogeneous pulsed column reactor. Finally, taking into account the most recent results reported in the literature and our own results, it is possible to revise the mechanism of the dehydration of fructose.

376 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for the liquid−liquid equilibrium is presented which is used to correlate the experimental data, taking into account chemical reactions as well as physical interactions in both phases.
Abstract: The extraction of oxalic acid from an aqueous solution into solutions of tri-n-octylamine in single solvents toluene, chloroform, and methyl isobutyl ketone was investigated. In addition to batch extraction experiments and isopiestic measurements in the binary system oxalic acid/water, infrared spectroscopic measurements were performed. These spectroscopic investigations yield information about the stoichiometry of complex formation. All measurements were carried out at 298.15 K. A model for the liquid−liquid equilibrium is presented which was used to correlate the experimental data. The model takes into account chemical reactions as well as physical interactions in both phases. Many of the model parameters could be deduced from information about subsystems using also the new isopiestic measurements. However, as several complexes of oxalic acid and tri-n-octylamine with as well as without water have to be considered, some model parameters had to be adjusted using experimental data from batch extraction ex...

70 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the co-precipitation of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts has been used to synthesize methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) or 2-propanol.
Abstract: Ni/Al2O3 catalysts have been prepared by the co-precipitation method and have been studied for acetone hydrogenation at atmospheric pressure in the temperature region 373–473 K. Effects of metal content, reaction temperature and flow rate of the feed on the conversion and product selectivity are reported. It is possible to selectively synthesize methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) or 2-propanol by varying experimental conditions. More than 95% selectivity towards MIBK is reported on 10 wt.-% Ni/Al2O3 catalyst at 373 K and at 1 atmosphere.

56 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple total reflection module has been used in X-ray measurements for the analysis of trace concentrations of copper, mercury, and lead in drinking water samples, and the minimum detection limits for the determination of these elements in mineral and tap water samples were found to be 40 ng l −1, 60 ng l−1, and 60 n l − 1, respectively.

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the one-step synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone from acetone and hydrogen was investigated by using Pd/Nb2O5· nH2O catalyst.

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a high-selective one-step synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) from acetone and hydrogen at 200°C and 1 atm has been developed utilizing magnesia-supported palladium catalysts.
Abstract: Highly selective one-step synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) from acetone and hydrogen at 200°C and 1 atm has been developed utilizing magnesia-supported palladium catalysts. Sodium vapor deposition on magnesia followed by impregnation with tetraamine palladium (II) chloride apparently enhances the catalyst basicity as compared with that of magnesia supported palladium, resulting in a great increase of both acetone conversion and MIBK yield. Such a catalyst exhibits good stability, high activity and MIBK selectivity; it gives 47–64% conversion, 50–65% MIBK selectivity and 31–33% MIBK yield during a period of 8 h on stream.

36 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Charge exchange ionization in conjunction with membrane introduction mass spectrometry provides a sensitive method for the detection of polar volatile organic compounds and semivolatile compounds in air and produces a 4-20-fold improvement in response when compared to signal obtained from electron ionization.
Abstract: Charge exchange ionization in conjunction with membrane introduction mass spectrometry provides a sensitive method for the detection of polar volatile organic compounds and semivolatile compounds in air. Sample introduction into an ion trap mass spectrometer was accomplished with a hollow fiber silicone membrane assembly. Atmospheric oxygen, which diffuses through the membrane, was used as the charge exchange reagent. Chemical ionization parameters were optimized using methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone) standards in air. Several other oxygen-containing compounds, including acetone (2-propanone), methyl isobutyl ketone (4-methyl-2-pentanone), propanal, isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol), cyclohexanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (sulfinylbismethane), 2-(diethylamino)ethanol, and dimethyl methylphosphonate were analyzed with this technique. This method was used to obtain mass spectra for a variety of classes of compounds and produced a 4−20-fold improvement in response for all of the polar compounds we examined when compa...

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the excess volumes of binary liquid mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with methyl propyl ketone, diethyl ketones, methyl isobutyl ketons and cyclohexanone at 303.15 K have been measured with a dilatometer.
Abstract: Excess volumes, VE, of binary liquid mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with methyl propyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, and cyclohexanone at 303.15 K have been measured with a dilatometer. Excess volumes are negative for the systems of N,N-dimethylformamide with methyl propyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and methyl isopropyl ketone and are positive for N,N-dimethylformamide with cyclohexanone at 303.15 K.

28 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: With three ketones the reaction with 2,4-DNPH resulted in mixtures of the isomeric hydrazones which were separated by HPLC and GC and identified by mass spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopes, leading to problems in quantification and interpretation of Chromatographic results.
Abstract: Aldehydes and ketones readily react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) to form the corresponding hydrazones. This reaction has been frequently used for the quantification of airborne carbonyl compounds. Since unsymmetrical aldehydes and ketones are known to form isomeric 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones (syn/ anti-isomers), the influence of isomerization on the practicability and accuracy of the 2,4-DNPH-method using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated solid sorbent samplers has been studied with three ketones (methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isopropyl ketone (MIPK), and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)). With all three ketones the reaction with 2,4-DNPH resulted in mixtures of the isomeric hydrazones which were separated by HPLC and GC and identified by mass spectroscopy and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The isomers show similar chromatographic behaviour in HPLC as well as in GC, thus leading to problems in quantification and interpretation of chromatographic results.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Reşat Apak1
TL;DR: In this article, a method of Ga extraction from basic aluminate solution (pH 13) using an alkanoyl oxine, i.e., myristoyl (M. Ox), palmitoyl(P.Ox), and stearoyls oxine (S.Ox) was developed.
Abstract: The recently developed method of Ga extraction from basic aluminate solution (pH 13) using an alkanoyl oxine, i.e., myristoyl (M.Ox), palmitoyl (P.Ox), and stearoyl oxine (S.Ox), solution in chloroform has been improved by incorporating 2-hexanone as a modifier and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant into the extraction system. 2-Hexanone synergistically enhanced the extraction rate and Ga yield as its volume percentage was increased from 5 to 20% in the organic phase. Other oxygen-donor modifiers such as methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and 1-hexanol, were not as effective as 2-hexanone. By using 10% (by volume) of 2-hexanone in chloroform solution, the order of Ga extraction efficiency for alkanoyl oxinates was M.Ox > P.Ox > S.Ox, i.e., extraction increased with decreasing length of the alkyl group of oxine. The ketone-added system showed satisfactory aluminum tolerance at pH 13, and enabled the shifting of the extraction pH to slightly higher values, which is beneficial for th...

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Trace impurities in tantalum have been isolated by extracting the tantalum matrix from aqueous solutions containing hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acid into methyl isobutyl ketone as mentioned in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a method was developed for the simultaneous formation and solvent extraction of cobalt, copper, iron and vanadium complexes of bis (acetylpivalylmethane)ethylenediamine (H2APM2en) in methyl isobutyl ketone.
Abstract: A method has been developed for the simultaneous formation and solvent extraction of cobalt (II), copper (II), iron (II) and vanadium (IV) complexes of bis (acetylpivalylmethane)ethylenediamine (H2APM2en) in methyl isobutyl ketone. The complexes are eluted from a reversed phase HPLC column with a mixture of methanol:water:acetonitrile and detection was at 260 nm. The method has been applied to the simultaneous determination of cobalt, copper, iron and vanadium in crude petroleum oils at the ng level.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a sensitive spectrophotometric method for determining trace amounts of chromium(VI) is described, where chromium oxidizes hydroxylamine quantitatively to nitrite at pH 4.0 ± 0.5.
Abstract: A sensitive spectrophotometric method for determining trace amounts of chromium(VI) is described. In the presence of acetate buffer, chromium(VI) oxidizes hydroxylamine quantitatively to nitrite at pH 4.0 ± 0.5. The nitrite diazotizes p-nitroaniline to form a diazonium salt that, in acidic medium, couples with N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form an azo dye with a molar absorptivity of 4.1 x 10 4 L/mol-cm at 545 nm. The color is stable for 5 h, and the system obeys Beer's law in the range 0-8 μg chromium(VI) in a final volume of 10 mL. The detection limit of chromium(VI) is 0.6 μg. Chromium(III) can be determined after it is oxidized with bromine water in alkaline medium to chromium(VI). Extraction of the azo dye in alkaline medium with methyl isobutyl ketone followed by addition of methanolic hydrochloric acid permitted determination of chromium(VI) down to 10 ng/mL. The method has been used to determine chromium in alloy steels, pharmaceutical preparations, and industrial effluents.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1996-Pramana
TL;DR: In this paper, the dielectric constant and loss factor for binary liquid mixtures of ethyl methyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone+ethylenediamine at 9.44 GHz microwave frequencies at 30°C were determined.
Abstract: Values of dielectric constant (e′) and loss factor (e″) have been experimentally determined for binary liquid mixtures of ethyl methyl ketone+ethylenediamine and methyl isobutyl ketone+ethylenediamine at 9.44 GHz microwave frequencies at 30°C. The values ofe′ ande″ have been used to evaluate the molar polarization, apparent polarization and the excess permittivities. Excess refractive index, viscosity and activation energy of viscous flow have also been estimated. These parameters have been used to explain the formation of 1:1 complexes for both the systems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, specific volatilization rates of several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contained in multimillion gallon retention and settling basins were measured using a flux chamber technique, a method used by the EPA for emission measurement.
Abstract: Controlling the volatilization of organic compounds from treatment works is becoming increasingly important as the definition of industrial categorical standards for air emissions by the EPA draws nearer. In this light, specific volatilization rates of several volatile organic compounds (VOC`s) contained in multimillion gallon retention ({open_quotes}equalization basins{close_quotes}) and settling ({open_quotes}primary clarifier{close_quotes}) basins were measured using a flux chamber technique, a method used by the EPA for emission measurement. In this method, the liquid surface within an enclosing chamber is swept with air at a measured rate and the gas is analyzed. The mass transfer coefficients derived from these VOC vaporization rates were equal for the primary clarifier and the equalization basins. Factors were estimated to correct for the different ambient wind conditions to which these basins are exposed. Also it was determined that the rate of volatilization of VOC`s with low Henry`s law constants may be underestimated by the measurement. This is a result of the gas-phase resistance being dominant under the test conditions and the liquid-phase resistance being dominant under normal ambient conditions, and of the assumption that the liquid-phase resistance remains unchanged under both test and ambient conditions. The particular organics studied were acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methylmore » isobutyl ketone, isopropanol, methanol and toluene. 7 refs., 4 figs., 9 tabs.« less

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that CCl4 modifies membrane integrity as indicated by a decrease in liver membrane 5N, LAP, and AP activity and increased the fluidity of the lipid and protein portions of the liver membranes as measured by the DPH and TMA-DPH fluorescence probes.
Abstract: Previous results in male Sprague-Dawley rats indicate that acetone (A), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), and methyl isobutyl ketone (MiBK) pretreatments (3 d, p.o.) at a dosage of 6.8 mmol/kg potentiate CCl4 hepatotoxicity. The potentiation potency profile observed was MiBK > A > MEK. In the present study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 3 d with 6.8 mmol/kg (p.o.) of A, MEK, or MiBK using Emulphor as vehicle (10 ml/kg). Rats were either killed 18 h after the last pretreatment or treated with CCl4 (prepared in corn oil) and then killed 48 h later. Livers were perfused; purified plasma membrane (PM), sinusoidal (SM) and basal canalicular membrane (BCM) fractions were prepared. Membrane fluidity was monitored by fluorescence polarization using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) or 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (TMA-DPH). The following membrane enzymes were measured to monitor membrane purity and treatment effects: 5'-nucleotidase (5N), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and alkaline phosphatase (AP). Our results suggest that CCl4 modifies membrane integrity as indicated by a decrease in liver membrane 5N, LAP, and AP activity. CCl4 also increased the fluidity of the lipid and protein portions of the liver membranes as measured by the DPH and TMA-DPH fluorescence probes, respectively. Of the three ketones, only A altered CCl4 effects on plasma membrane enzymes and decreased BCM fluidity. The data only partially support increased susceptibility of liver membranes by ketone pretreatment as a factor implicated in the mechanism of potentiation of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.

Patent
19 Jul 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified ZSM-5 catalyst having a molar ratio of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 from about 20:1 to 680:1 was used for selective production of methyl isobutyl ketone.
Abstract: A one-step process for selective production of methyl isobutyl ketone includes reacting in the vapor/liquid phase acetone and hydrogen at a temperature of about 100° to 300° C. and a pressure of about 100 to 1000 psig, in the presence of a modified ZSM-5 catalyst having a molar ratio of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 from about 20:1 to 680:1, the catalyst being prepared by treating a ZSM-5 zeolite with an organic acid having a pKa of 2 to 5, ion-exchanging or impregnating the ZSM-5 zeolite with a cation selected from the group consisting of palladium cation, platinum cation, copper cation and nickel cation, and activating the resultant catalyst in a reducing atmosphere.

Patent
26 Mar 1996
TL;DR: In this article, a subject composition containing a hydrolysate of an alkylsilicate and a specific solvent, capable of being used singly as a hard coat and obtaining a coated membrane excellent in heat resistance, weather ability, antifoulancy, chemical resistance, etc., by blending with a resin, etc.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject composition containing a hydrolysate of an alkylsilicate and a specific solvent, capable of being used singly as a hard coat and obtaining a coated membrane excellent in heat resistance, weather ability, antifoulancy, chemical resistance, etc., by blending with a resin, etc., and useful for a coating material, an adhesive, etc. SOLUTION: This curing composition contains (A) a hydrolysate of a alkylsilicate (A 1 ) (e.g. a fine particle like material containing methoxy or ethoxy group and having <50Å inertial radius) and (B) a solvent having a higher boiling point than that of alcohol generated by the hydrolysis of (A 1 ) (e.g. a solvent not having a group capable of making an ester interchange with alcohol of the component (A) such as methyl isobutyl ketone and xylene, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether). COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO

Patent
07 Mar 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, an effective cleaning solvent consisting essentially, according to one embodiment, of methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl kone, isopropyl alcohol, toluene and n-butyl acetate, in certain ranges of proportions, was described.
Abstract: An advantageous effective cleaning solvent consisting essentially, according to one embodiment, of methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, isopropyl alcohol, toluene and n-butyl acetate, in certain ranges of proportions. Water also is included to aid in reducing the vapor pressure of the solvent. The composite vapor pressure of the solvent, at 20° C., neglecting the vapor pressure contribution of water, is not greater than 35 mm of mercury. The invention solvent is particularly effective as a paint cleaner, e.g. for cleaning paint guns.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the values of the electro optic Kerr constant of liquids belonging to carbonyl (Ketone and Aldehyde) and Nitrile series at λ = 632.8nm and observed a decreasing trend in Kerr constant values with an increasing chain length by a CH 2 intervening group.

Patent
10 Sep 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, a grease detergent containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as linear paraffin, isoparaffin and olefin is used to obtain a high grease-cleaning ability without generation of environmental destruction substance, discomfort odor or cleaning irregularity.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a grease detergent containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as liner paraffin, isoparaffin, olefin and naphthene having a specific range of boiling point and having high grease-cleaning ability without generation of environmental destruction substance, discomfort odor or cleaning irregularity. CONSTITUTION: At least one kind of aliphatic hydrocarbons such as linear paraffin, isoparaffin, olefin and naphthene having a boiling point in a range of 200-300 deg.C is used as an active component, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, methyl α-methoxyisobutyrate, ethyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, toluene, xylene or tetralin, etc., is added as a co-using organic solvent, and further, a surfactant, an acidic compound, a basic compound, etc., are mixed for increasing cleaning ability to obtain the objective detergent for grease having high grease-cleaning ability and excellent handleability without generation of environmental destruction substance, discomfort odor or cleaning irregularity.

Patent
02 Oct 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the objective pest control agent composition is obtained by including an organic phosphorus-based compound in a micro-capsule with a ketone solvent in order to preserve stability for a long period of time.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a pest control agent composition inducing slight deteriora tion of a formulation due to separation or growth of a crystal, excellent in preservation stability for a long period of time and useful for a pesticide, a germicide or a herbicide SOLUTION: The objective pest control agent composition is obtained by including an organic phosphorus-based compound {eg O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6- trichloro-2-pyridyl phophorothioate (chloropyrifos)} having ≥15°C melting point together with a ketone solvent (eg methyl isobutyl ketone) in a microcapsule Preferably, an average particle diameter of the microcapsule is ≥30μm, a value of (the average particle diameter/membrane thickness) is 30-200 and a value of (the average particle diameter × membrane thickness) is ≤20μm 2 Further, preferably a weight percent A occupied by an aromatic ring structure in the membrane substance of the microcapsule is ≤40% and a ratio of the value of A to the value of (the average particle diameter/membrane thickness) of the microcapsule is 0-08 COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO

Patent
03 Dec 1996
TL;DR: In this article, a nonaqueous secondary battery electrode is prepared in such a way that propylene - ethylene tetrafluoride copolymer or propylene- ethylene - vinylidene fluoride copolymers serving as a binder, and an electrode active material are added to a solvent whose main component is ethyl acetate and methyl isobutyl ketone or the like, and the viscous dispersion is applied to a metal foil such as aluminum foil.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a nonaqueous secondary battery electrode capable of realizing high secondary battery performance. CONSTITUTION: A nonaqueous secondary battery electrode is prepared in such a way that propylene - ethylene tetrafluoride copolymer or propylene - ethylene tetrafluoride - vinylidene fluoride copolymer serving as a binder, and an electrode active material are added to a solvent whose main component is ethyl acetate and methyl isobutyl ketone or the like to prepare viscous dispersion, and the viscous dispersion is applied to a metal foil such as aluminum foil.

Patent
21 May 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, a solution prepared by dissolving water in an organic solvent until saturated as a diluent is used to accurately measure particle size distribution by using an emulsion prepared by adding water in which an emulsifying agent is dissolved to a solution in which cellulose family resin is dissolved in a solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone and is used.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To accurately measure particle size distribution by using a solution prepared by dissolving water in an organic solvent until saturated as a diluent. CONSTITUTION: As an organic solvent, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or the like is used. As a diluent, a solution prepared by dissolving water in the organic solvent until saturated is used. As a W/O emulsion, an emulsion prepared by adding water in which an emulsifying agent is dissolved to a solution in which cellulose family resin is dissolved in a solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone and emulsifying is used. When the emulsion is dropped in the diluent, since water constituting particles of the emulsion does not dissolve in the diluent, water particles in the emulsion are not broken. Since the emulsion is diluted with particle shapes kept, particle size distribution and particle size are accurately measured.

Patent
30 Aug 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a novel resin compsn. having sensitivity to radiation in itself and capable of forming a silicon oxide film without exposing a body to be worked to a high temp.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a novel resin compsn. having sensitivity to radiation in itself and capable of forming a silicon oxide film without exposing a body to be worked to a high temp. or causing cracking even when the compsn. is formed in a thick film shape. CONSTITUTION: A soln. is prepd. by dissolving 190g poly(di-t-butoxysiloxane) and 8.25g (0.02mol) triphenylsulfonium triflate as an acid generating agent in 237g methyl isobutyl ketone as a solvent and 26g diethylene glycol as a high b.p. solvent. The soln. is filtered with a membrane filter having 0.2μm pore size to obtain the objective radiation senstiive resin compsn.

Patent
27 Mar 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of synthesizing ketazine at a high rate of reaction in a high yield with high selectivity and to profitably obtain hydrazine by synthesising ketazine in the presence of CO 2 when hydrazINE is produced using an arsenic compd. as a catalyst was solved.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To synthesize ketazine at a high rate of reaction in a high yield with high selectivity and to profitably obtain hydrazine by synthesizing ketazine in the presence of CO 2 when hydrazine is produced using an arsenic compd. as a catalyst. SOLUTION: When ketone is allowed to react with ammonia and H 2 O 2 in the presence of a working soln. contg. an org. arsenic compd. to synthesize ketazine and this ketazine is hydrolyzed to produce hydrazine, ketazine is synthesized in the presence of CO 2 . The amt. (mol) of this CO 2 is preferably 0.0001-10 times that of the H 2 O 2 . The org. arsenic compd. is, e.g. methylarsonic acid, ethylarsonic acid or diethylarsinic acid. The ketone is preferably acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone. COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO

Patent
31 May 1996
TL;DR: A process for the manufacture of deacetyl-Diltiazem is described in this article, which comprises N-alkylation of the corresponding lactam with a suitable 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl derivative, using methyl isobutyl ketone as solvent and NaOH as base.
Abstract: A process for the manufacture of Diltiazem or deacetyl-Diltiazem, which comprises N-alkylation of the corresponding lactam with a suitable 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl derivative, using methyl isobutyl ketone as solvent and NaOH as base.

Patent
15 Apr 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate is added as a complexing agent for the AsO2 -1 ion in an electroplating solution.
Abstract: A method of analyzing for As(III) as AsO2 -1 ion in an Au(I) containing electroplating solution. The concentration of As(III) in the electroplating solution is maintained high enough to avoid formation of "burnt Au" oxides but low enough to avoid bond failures. A sample of the electroplating solution is withdrawn and added to a buffered solution, for example an acetate-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) buffered solution. A complexing agent for Au(I) ion is added to the buffered solution. This can be an alkali metal cyanide. Next ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate is added as a complexing agent for the AsO2 -1 ion. The ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate--AsO2 -1 ion is extracted, for example with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). The extract is analyzed for As(III) by atomic absorption, as electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.