Showing papers on "Methyl isobutyl ketone published in 2018"

Microwave effects in the dilute acid hydrolysis of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.

Abstract: In this study, the effect of microwaves on the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in a biphasic system was evaluated via a kinetic analysis. The reaction system consisted of an acidified aqueous phase and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as an organic phase, in which HMF is extracted directly upon formation during the reaction. Two identically shaped reactors were used to assess the influence of microwaves on the production of HMF. A borosilicate glass reactor was used to heat the reaction mixture via microwaves directly, whereas the silicon carbide (SiC) wall of the second reactor absorbed all microwaves and hence the reactor content was heated via convective heat transfer. An identical temperature profile was imposed on both reactors. Cellulose, glucose and fructose were chosen as feedstocks for the conversion to HMF. It was observed that microwaves have a significant effect on the reactions. The hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose was a 2.3 folds faster in the presence of microwaves at the process conditions (0.046 M HCl, 177 °C). The isomerization of glucose to fructose showed a similar increase (factor 2.5). The required energy input for the reaction was systematically higher for the SiC reactor.

A Review on the Separation of Lithium Ion from Leach Liquors of Primary and Secondary Resources by Solvent Extraction with Commercial Extractants

Abstract: The growing demand for lithium necessitates the development of an efficient process to recover it from three kinds of solutions, namely brines as well as acid and alkaline leach liquors of primary and secondary resources. Therefore, the separation of lithium(I) from these solutions by solvent extraction was reviewed in this paper. Lithium ions in brines are concentrated by removing other metal salts by crystallization with solar evaporation. In the case of ores and secondary resources, roasting followed by acid/alkaline leaching is generally employed to dissolve the lithium. Since the compositions of brines, alkaline and acid solutions are different, different commercial extractants are employed to separate and recover lithium. The selective extraction of Li(I) over other metals from brines or alkaline solutions is accomplished using acidic extractants, their mixture with neutral extractants, and neutral extractants mixed with chelating extractants in the presence of ferric chloride (FeCl3). Among these systems, tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP)- methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)-FeCl3 and tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO)- benzoyltrifluoroacetone (HBTA) are considered to be promising for the selective extraction and recovery of Li(I) from brines and alkaline solutions. By contrast, in the acid leaching solutions of secondary resources, divalent and trivalent metal cations are selectively extracted by acidic extractants, leaving Li(I) in the raffinate. Therefore, bis-2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) and its mixtures are suggested for the extraction of metal ions other than Li(I).

Acid Modified H-USY Zeolite for Efficient Catalytic Transformation of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural (Biofuel Precursor) in Methyl Isobutyl Ketone–Water Biphasic System

Abstract: Sustainable process and efficient heterogeneous acid catalyst for the preparation of platform chemicals like 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) from renewable source is much in demand in the context of heterogeneous catalysis Commercially available solid acid catalyst, H-USY zeolite was modified by treating with aqueous solution of H3PO4 and H2SO4 (10–30 wt %) Modified H-USY was completely characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD, energy dispersive analysis X-ray (EDAX), FT-IR, pyridine-IR, and NMR Its catalytic performance was evaluated for the fructose conversion to 5-HMF in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)–water system Modified H-USY zeolite was identified to have potential in enhancement of 5-HMF yield up to 65% from 32% (parent H-USY) with minimum formation of furfural (8%) H-USY modified with 10 wt % H3PO4 (10P–Y) was found to be the best compared to other studied catalysts, namely, H-USY modified with 20 and 30 wt % H3PO4 (20 and 30P–Y) or 10–30 wt % H2SO4 (10- to 30S–Y) Best performance of 10P–Y is associat

Catalytic conversion of organosolv lignins to phenolic monomers in different organic solvents and effect of operating conditions on yield with methyl isobutyl ketone

Abstract: Catalytic depolymerization of organosolv lignin to phenolic monomers with zeolites was investigated under various operating conditions. H-USY (Si/Al molar ratio = 5) outperformed H-USY with Si/Al ratios of 50 and 250, H-BEA, H-ZSM5, and fumed SiO2 to produce the highest phenolic monomer yield from a commercial organosolv lignin in methanol at 300 °C for 1 h. It was then further investigated in the presence of acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol, and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) on the depolymerization of organosolv bagasse lignin (BGL). The total highest phenolic monomer yield of 10.6 wt % was achieved with MIBK at 350 °C for 1 h with a catalyst loading of 10 wt %. A final total phenolic monomer yield of 19.4 wt % was obtained with an initial H2 pressure of 2 MPa under similar processing conditions. The main phenolic monomers obtained are guaiacol (7.9 wt %), 4-ethylphenol (6.0 wt %), and phenol (3.4 wt %). The solvent properties were used to account for the differences in phenolic monomer yields obtained w...

Solubility of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid in Eight Pure Solvents and Two Binary Solvent Systems at 313.15–363.15 K

Abstract: 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) serves as a monomer in various polyesters and is often obtained through the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The solubility data of FDCA are of great value for the reaction process analysis and separation technology. The experimental solubility of FDCA in eight pure solvents (water, methanol, acetonitrile, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), 1-butanol, and isobutanol) and two binary solvent systems (water + acetonitrile and water + acetic acid) in the temperature range of 313.15–363.15 K was determined. In pure solvents and binary mixtures, the solubility of FDCA increased with the increasing temperature. The order from largest to smallest solubility in pure solvents was as follows: methanol, 1-butanol, isobutanol, acetic acid, water, MIBK, ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile. The mole fraction of FDCA in binary mixtures increased first and then decreased with the increasing mole fraction of water. The solubility data were correlated with the UNIQU...

Evaluation of a portable gas chromatograph with photoionization detector under variations of VOC concentration, temperature, and relative humidity.

Abstract: The objective of this present study was to evaluate the performance of a portable gas chromatograph-photoionization detector (GC-PID), under various test conditions to determine if it could be used in occupational settings. A mixture of 7 volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—acetone, ethylbenzene, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and o-xylene—was selected because its components are commonly present in paint manufacturing industries. A full-factorial combination of 4 concentration levels (exposure scenarios) of VOC mixtures, 3 different temperatures (25°C, 30°C, and 35°C), and 3 relative humidities (RHs; 25%, 50%, and 75%) was conducted in a full-size controlled environmental chamber. Three repetitions were conducted for each test condition allowing for estimation of accuracy. Time-weighted average exposure data were collected using solid sorbent tubes (Anasorb 747, SKC Inc.) as the reference sampling medium. Calibration curves of Frog-4000 using the dry gases showed R2 > 0.99 for ...

Tantalum and Niobium Selective Extraction by Alkyl-Acetophenone

Abstract: A study has been carried out on Ta and Nb recovery by a liquid-liquid extraction process using 4-methylacetophenone (4-MAcPh) as the organic phase. The 4-MAcPh was compared to methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) with respect to extraction efficiencies (D values) at different concentrations of H2SO4 in the aqueous phase. The results showed a similar extraction of Nb for both solvents. However, for Ta, extraction efficiency is increased by a factor of 1.3 for 4-MAcPh. In addition, the MIBK solubilized completely after 6 mol∙L−1 of H2SO4 against only a loss of 0.14–4% for 4-MAcPh between 6 and 9 mol∙L−1 of H2SO4. The potential of 4-MAcPh has also been studied to selectively recover Ta from a model capacitor waste solution. The results showed a selectivity for Ta in the presence of impurities such as Ag, Fe, Ni and Mn. The 4-MAcPh also presents the advantage of having physicochemical properties adapted to its use in liquid-liquid extraction technologies such as mixer-settlers.

Stability Investigation of a Supported TiO2–Pd Bifunctional Catalyst over the One-Pot Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone from Acetone and H2

Abstract: The one-pot liquid-phase synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) from acetone and H2 is a significant process in the fine-chemicals industry In this paper, we fabricated a series of TiO2–SiO2/S

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium for Ternary Systems, Water + 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural + (1-Butanol, Isobutanol, Methyl Isobutyl Ketone), at 313.15, 323.15, and 333.15 K

Abstract: Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data was very important for the process design and optimization of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) production. To provide this fundamental data, experimental liquid–liquid equilibrium data for ternary systems, {water + 5-HMF + 1-butanol}, {water + 5-HMF + isobutanol}, and {water + 5-HMF + methyl isobutyl ketone}, were measured at 313.15, 323.15, and 333.15 K. Partition coefficients were used to assess the extraction capacity of organic solvents in the biphasic systems. 1-Butanol and isobutanol were desirable extractants with good extraction performance and environmental benign properties. The NRTL model was used to correlate the experimental data and the binary interaction parameters were obtained. The average relative deviation was lower than 10%.

Structural Characteristic Integrated Computer-Aided Molecular Design for Phenols Removal Considering Synergistic Effect

Abstract: Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) of coal chemical wastewater is a significant strategy for sustainable management of water resources. Efficient removal of phenols has high significance for the realization of ZLD. In this study, a method of structural characteristics integrated computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) is used for phenols removal considering synergistic effect. Solvent mixture for synergistic extraction of phenols by using methyl propyl ketone (MPK) in combination with n-pentanol is proposed with the volume ration of MPK to n-pentanol 8:2. Using solvent mixture (80% MPK, 20% n-pentanol), the phenols removal efficiencies are observably better than that using methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) or diisopropyl ether (DIPE). The total phenols concentration of coal gasification wastewater can be removed from 6273 mg/L to less than 300 mg/L after two-stage extraction. In addition, solvent mixture (MPK, n-pentanol) can also achieve the total phenols target if the volume fraction of n-pentanol was no more than ...

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium for the Ternary Systems (Methyl Isobutyl Ketone + Quinoline or Isoquinoline + Water) at 298.15, 318.15, and 338.15 K

Abstract: Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the ternary systems (methyl isobutyl ketone + quinoline or isoquinoline + water) were measured at T = 298.15, 318.15, and 338.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were calculated to evaluate extraction efficiency. The Hand, Bachman, and Othmer–Tobias equations were applied to verify the reliability of the experimental tie-line data. The NRTL and UNIQUAC models were used to correlate all of the experimental values at different temperatures simultaneously. The binary interaction parameters of these two models were obtained. The root-mean-square deviation between the experimental and calculated data indicates that the NRTL model presents a better prediction than the UNIQUAC model. The effect of temperature on the extraction performance of methyl isobutyl ketone was investigated. The extraction process of quinoline or isoquinoline by methyl isobutyl ketone is exothermic. The increase of temperature is not a benefit to extract ...

Development of a general acid method for the digestion of gold ore samples together with a comparison of extraction solvents for gold and determination by microwave-induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (MIP-AES)

Abstract: In this paper, we explore a variety of aqueous digestion techniques for the determination of gold, in a wide variety of mineral matrices. Acid digestion methods, based upon modified aqua regia in which a larger proportion of nitric acid (5 : 1 HNO3 : HCl) is involved, competes effectively with fire assay to deliver accurate and precise values for gold in a fraction of the time. Using this ratio of acids, simple sand-bath digestions deliver recoveries of 95 to 98% of gold certified reference values, after a digestion time of approximately 35 minutes. Focused infrared digestions, however, take only 15 minutes, and deliver higher recoveries, in the range of 95 to 104% of gold reference values. An ultrasonic digestion with 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin acting as a source of bromine, delivered mediocre recoveries of gold. Gold determinations were conducted using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Solvent extraction of gold from digestion solutions effectively preconcentrate gold and significantly reduces interference from major elements, except for those samples containing high concentrations of iron. The use of 2-octanone as extraction solvent exhibited greater sensitivity than the use of the conventional solvent, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). Although 2-ethylhexanol was also effective at extracting gold, its lengthy time for phase separation and memory effects, which increased wash-in and wash-out times, made it a less attractive extraction medium. For solvent extraction methods, microwave induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES) was used for the determination of gold.

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data and Correlation for the Quaternary Systems Water + Polyphenol (Hydroquinone, Catechol, and Resorcinol) + Methyl Isobutyl Ketone + Methylbenzene

Abstract: The wastewater containing polyphenol (hydroquinone, catechol, and resorcinol) is often found in many industrial processes. Liquid–liquid extraction is a commonly used method to separate this style wastewater. The liquid–liquid equilibrium for the quaternary systems of water + polyphenol (hydroquinone, catechol, and resorcinol) + methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) + toluene were measured at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa. The potential for the mixture of MIBK + toluene to extract the polyphenol from its aqueous solution was examined, and the distribution coefficient and selectivity were used to evaluate the extractive ability for the mixed solvent of toluene and MIBK. The results show that mixed solvent has better extraction ability compared with single extractant (MIBK). The nonrandom two-liquid and universal quasi-chemical models were used to correlate experimental data, and the binary interaction parameters were obtained. The values of room-mean-square-deviation (RMSD) were used to evaluate the feasibility of the two ...

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for the Ternary Systems Water + Cyclohexanol + Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol and Water + Cyclohexanol + Methyl Isobutyl Ketone at Different Temperatures

Abstract: Liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) data provide fundamentals for the design and simulation of an extraction operation. The objective of this work is to extract cyclohexanol from aqueous solution using appropriate solvents. Liquid–liquid extractions for two ternary systems comprising water + cyclohexanol + solvents (methyl iso-butyl carbinol, MIBC) as well as methyl iso-butyl ketone, MIBK) were carried out at 303.15, 323.15 K and 308.15, 318.15 K, respectively. The distribution coefficient (D) and selectivity value (S) were employed to assess the separation capability of MIBC and MIBK. The Hand and Bachman empirical equations were both used to ascertain the consistency of the experimental results. The nonrandom two-liquid model and the universal quasi-chemical model were applied to fit the obtained LLE results and yielded corresponding binary interaction parameters. Moreover, the root-mean-square deviation (rmsd) values were evaluated for two studied ternary systems, demonstrating both models can regress the e...

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium of Water + 2-Methoxyphenol + Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Water + 1,2-Benzenediol + Methyl Isobutyl Ketone at 303.15 K and 328.15 K

Abstract: Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) experiments for the systems water + 2-methoxyphenol + MIBK and water + 1,2-benzenediol + MIBK were carried out at 303.15 and 328.15 K according to a procedure allowing the measurement of both the composition of the phases in equilibrium and their relative amounts. Binary LLE data of subsystems water + MIBK and water + 2-methoxyphenol were also measured, as was the solubility of 1,2-benzenediol in water. The experimental data were modeled using the NRTL activity coefficient model, with optimal energy parameters calculated from the experimental data. The NRTL model proved to be adequate in describing the LLE phase behavior of the systems investigated, and it can be used for the process design of liquid–liquid extraction of these aromatic solutes from aqueous phases. MIBK proved to be an efficient extractant for 2-methoxyphenol and 1,2-benzenediol, even though the distribution factors for 2-methoxyphenol are 4–5 times higher than those for 1,2-benzenediol. The results are rele...

Supported TiO 2 –Pd bifunctional catalysts for the one-pot synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone from acetone: modulation of the acid and base property of loaded TiO 2 by support

Abstract: In this work, we prepared a series of supported TiO2–Pd bifunctional catalysts for one-pot synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) from acetone. The effects of supports including SiO2 with different pore structure, Al2O3 calcined at varied temperature, and F-modification on the catalytic performance were investigated. The results showed that microporous SiO2 was not beneficial to the dispersion of TiO2 inspite its high specific surface area. The calcination of Al2O3 had little effect on the acid and base property of TiO2 loaded thereon. F-modification of support was proved to be an effective way to modulate the acid and base property of TiO2 loaded thereon. As for the catalytic performance, TiO2 loaded on the F-modified mesoporous SiO2 showed the performance 60.9% MIBK yield, with acetone conversion of 77.2% and MIBK selectivity of 78.9%, higher than those ever reported. The excellent performance could be attributed to the enhanced electronic transfer between TiO2 and SiO2 after F modification which greatly affected the acid and base property of loaded TiO2. Taking the advantages of facile synthesis and high performance, the as-reported TiO2/SiO2(B-F)&Pd/Cor catalyst could be a promising alternative for one-pot synthesis of MIBK from acetone.

Excess/deviation properties of binary mixtures of 2,5-dimethylfuran with furfuryl alcohol, methyl isobutyl ketone, 1-butanol and 2-butanol at temperature range of (293.15–323.15) K

Abstract: Experimental values of density and speed of sound for binary liquid mixtures of 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) with furfuryl alcohol (FA), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), 1-butanol and 2-butanol and over the entire composition range of 2,5-DMF and at the temperature range of 293.15–323.15 K at 10 K intervals and at pressure p = 0.1 MPa were reported. Experimental data were used to assess the thermodynamics properties of studied mixtures. These properties were used to interpret the molecular interactions among component of liquids. The values of excess/deviation functions have been fitted to Redlich−Kister type polynomial equation. From the obtained results, a discussion was carried out in terms of nature of intermolecular interactions and structure factors in the binary mixtures.

Separation of furfural and acetic acid with liquid-liquid-extraction and distillation in biorefinery systems: Simulations and laboratory experiments

Abstract: In this contribution a test distillation and a column model are presented for a quaternary system containing methyl isobutyl ketone, water, acetic acid and furfural. This chemical system is relevant for liquid-liquid extraction and distillation of extract and raffinate of wood hydrolysate, a potential source for valuable biorefinery products. The model is based on previous vapour-liquid and liquid-liquid experiments carried out in our laboratory. The laboratory distillation column was specifically designed for two liquid phase distillate and reflux stream. Temperatures, heating power, mass fractions and mass flows were measured during the experiments. The number of ideal stages in the column were determined with a separate two-component run. The simulated outlet compositions of all three products (bottoms, organic distillate and aqueous distillate) agree very well the experiments, and based on simulation model the heat loss was approximated. This work gives further confidence when large-scale separation sequences relevant to biorefinery operations are designed.