Methylglyoxal

About: Methylglyoxal is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2844 publications have been published within this topic receiving 102037 citations. The topic is also known as: acetylformaldehyde & pyruvaldehyde.

2-Oxoaldehyde metabolism in microorganisms.

Abstract: The properties of methylglyoxal-metabolizing enzymes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms were studied systematically and compared with those of mammalian enzymes. The enzymes constitute a glycolytic bypass and convert methylglyoxal into pyruvate via lactate. The first step in this conversion is catalyzed by glyoxalase I, methylglyoxal reductase, or methylglyoxal dehydrogenase. The regulation of the yeast glyoxalase system was analyzed. The system was closely related to the proliferative states of yeast cells, the activity of the system being high in dividing cells and low in nondividing ones. The gene for the glyoxalase I of Pseudomonas putida and the genes responsible for the activity of glyoxalase I and methylglyoxal reductase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were cloned and their structural and phenotypic characters studied.Key words: 2-oxoaldehydes metabolism, regulation of glyoxalase system, cloning, glyoxalase I gene, methylglyoxal reductase gene, methylglyoxal metabolism.

Effects of monascin on anti-inflammation mediated by Nrf2 activation in advanced glycation end product-treated THP-1 monocytes and methylglyoxal-treated wistar rats.

Abstract: Hyperglycemia is associated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of monascin on receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) signal and THP-1 monocyte inflammation after treatment with S100b, a specific ligand of RAGE. Monascin inhibited cytokine production by S100b-treated THP-1 monocytes via up-regulation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and alleviated p47phox translocation to the membrane. Methylglyoxal (MG, 600 mg/kg bw) was used to induce diabetes in Wistar rats. Inhibitions of RAGE and p47phox by monascin were confirmed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of MG-induced rats. Silymarin (SM) was used as a positive control group. It was found that monascin promoted heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression mediated by Nrf2. Suppressions of AGEs, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-β) in serum of MG-induced rats were attenuated in the monascin administration group treated with retinoic ac...

Ring-cleavage Reactions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons Studied by FT–IR Spectroscopy. III. Photooxidation of 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzenes in the NOx–Air System

Abstract: Photooxidation of 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzenes was carried out in the NOx–air system. Formation of glyoxal, methylglyoxal and biacetyl was observed in the cases of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzenes, and only methylglyoxal was observed from 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene. Yields of glyoxal, methylglyoxal and biacetyl were 7, 18, and 45% and 8, 37, and 11% of trimethylbenzene consumed in cases of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzenes, respectively. The reaction mechanism which was used to explain the yields of α-dicarbonyl compounds from toluene and o-, m-, p-xylenes in the preceding paper (part II) has been applied to explain these yields, and has been found to reproduce these yields well. Formation of 3-hexene-2,5-dione was observed only from 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. The fractions of the ring-cleavage process in the total reaction were 70, 56, and 64% in cases of 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzenes, respectively. The yields of the ring-cleavage process are discussed.