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Methylglyoxal

About: Methylglyoxal is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2844 publications have been published within this topic receiving 102037 citations. The topic is also known as: acetylformaldehyde & pyruvaldehyde.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Methylglyoxal in biological samples can be quantified by HPLC or GC methods with preliminary derivatization into more stable chromophores and/or fluorophores, or derivatives suitable for determination by MS by use of diamino derivatives of benzene and naphthalene, 6-hydroxy-2,4,5-triaminopyrimidine, cysteamine, and o-(2,3, 4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl
Abstract: Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive alpha-oxoaldehyde formed endogenously in numerous enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions. It modifies arginine and lysine residues in proteins forming advanced glycation end-products such as N(delta)-(5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-L-ornithine (MG-H1), 2-amino-5-(2-amino-5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-1-yl)pentanoic acid (MG-H2), 2-amino-5-(2-amino-4-hydro-4-methyl-5-imidazolon-1-yl)pentanoic acid (MG-H3), argpyrimidine, N(delta)-(4-carboxy-4,6-dimethyl-5,6-dihydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-yl)-L-ornithine (THP), N(epsilon)-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), MG-derived lysine dimer (MOLD), and 2-ammonio-6-({2-[4-ammonio-5-oxido-5-oxopently)amino]-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-ylidene}amino)hexanoate (MODIC), which have been identified in vivo and are associated with complications of diabetes and some neurodegenerative diseases. In foodstuffs and beverages, MG is formed during processing, cooking, and prolonged storage. Fasting and metabolic disorders and/or defects in MG detoxification processes cause accumulation of this reactive dicarbonyl in vivo. In addition, the intake of low doses of MG over a prolonged period of time can cause degenerative changes in different tissues, and can also exert anticancer activity. MG in biological samples can be quantified by HPLC or GC methods with preliminary derivatization into more stable chromophores and/or fluorophores, or derivatives suitable for determination by MS by use of diamino derivatives of benzene and naphthalene, 6-hydroxy-2,4,5-triaminopyrimidine, cysteamine, and o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine. The methods include three basic steps: deproteinization, incubation with derivatization agent, and chromatographic analysis with or without preliminary extraction of the formed products.

148 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to assess the evidence for the involvement of the glyoxalase system in tumour growth and multidrug resistance and the importance of the Glyoxalases system as a target for anticancer drug development and a source of biomarkers for tumour diagnosis.

148 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ability of 4-hydroxynonenal at low concentrations to inactivate glutathione reductase, a central antioxidant enzyme, suggests that oxidative degradation of unsaturated lipids may initiate a positive feedback loop that enhances the potential for oxidative damage.

147 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: It is concluded that an exogenous supply of NO protects wheat seedlings from high temperature induced oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification system.
Abstract: We investigated the protective role of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) in alleviating high temperature induced damages of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Pradip) seedlings. Heat treatment (38 degrees C) alone or in combination with 0.5 mM SNP (a NO donor) was applied with nutrient solution on 8-d-old hydroponically grown seedlings for a period of 24 h and 48 h. Heat stress significantly decreased the Chl content and increased the lipid peroxidation (MDA) and H2O2 levels in time depending manners. Ascorbate (AsA) content markedly decreased upon heat treatment but glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) content increased. Heat treatment resulted in an increase of the activities of antioxidant enzymes - ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The activities of glyoxalase enzymes also increased upon heat stress. Exogenous NO supplementation in the seedlings had little influence on the nonenzymatic and enzymatic components compared to the control. However, supplementation of heat-treated seedlings with SNP significantly reduced the high temperature induced lipid peroxidation, H2O2 content and increased the content of Chl, AsA and GSH as well as the GSH/GSSG ratio. Heat treated seedlings which were supplemented with SNP also upregulated the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, GST, CAT and Gly I. This study concludes that an exogenous supply of NO protects wheat seedlings from high temperature induced oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification system.

147 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings suggest that glyoxalase I is upregulated in AD in a compensatory manner to maintain physiological methylglyoxal and glyoxAl levels.
Abstract: The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in brains with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been implicated in the formation of insoluble deposits such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. AGEs are also known to activate glia, resulting in inflammation and neuronal dysfunction. As reactive intermediates of AGE formation, neurotoxic reactive dicarbonyl compounds such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal have been identified. One of the most effective detoxification systems for methylglyoxal and glyoxal is the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase system, consisting of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II. In this study, we have determined the methylglyoxal and glyoxal levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients compared to healthy controls. Methylglyoxal levels in AD patients were twofold higher than in controls, but this difference was not significant due to the large intergroup variations and the small sample size. However, the concentrations of both compounds were five to seven times higher in CSF than in plasma. We also investigated the glyoxalase I level in AD and healthy control brains. The number of glyoxalase I- positive neurons were increased in AD brains compared to controls. Our findings suggest that glyoxalase I is upregulated in AD in a compensatory manner to maintain physiological methylglyoxal and glyoxal levels.

147 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023112
2022306
2021173
2020156
2019153
2018128