Topic
Methylglyoxal
About: Methylglyoxal is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2844 publications have been published within this topic receiving 102037 citations. The topic is also known as: acetylformaldehyde & pyruvaldehyde.
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TL;DR: D-Lactate production by the parasite appears to be a defense mechanism to protect the parasite from the toxic effects of methylglyoxal.
131 citations
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TL;DR: MG stimulated neutrophils to release more cytokines, which might play a role in the development of infection in T2DM, which was correlated positively with glycated hemoglobin levels, fasting plasma glucose levels and urine albumin/creatinine ratios.
131 citations
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TL;DR: Levels of GOLD and MOLD are significantly elevated in sera of non‐diabetic uremic patients, compared to age‐matched controls, and represent a major class of non-enzymatic, Maillard reaction crosslinks in plasma proteins, implicating oxidative stress and resultant advanced glycation and lipoxidation reactions in tissue damage in uremia.
130 citations
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TL;DR: It is observed that MG-induced apoptosis was associated with both rapid production of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) followed by a marked increase in ROS and striking and temporal activation of ASK1, which suggests that activating ASK 1 at the early stage linking to production of O( 2)(-) is crucial for subsequent progression of apoptosis in MG-treated Jurkat cells.
130 citations
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TL;DR: Methylene blue, an inhibitor of the structurally known P. falciparum glutathione reductase, appears to be a promising antimalarial medication when given in combination with chloroquine.
Abstract: When present as a trophozoite in human erythrocytes, the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum exhibits an intense glutathione metabolism. Glutathione plays a role not only in antioxidative defense and in maintaining the reducing environment of the cytosol. Many of the known glutathione-dependent processes are directly related to the specific lifestyle of the parasite. Reduced glutathione (GSH) supports rapid cell growth by providing electrons for deoxyribonucleotide synthesis and it takes part in detoxifying heme, a product of hemoglobin digestion. Free radicals generated in the parasite can be scavenged in reaction sequences involving the thiyl radical GS . as well as the thiolate GS-. As a substrate of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione is conjugated to nondegradable compounds including antimalarial drugs. Furthermore, it is the coenzyme of the glyoxalase system which detoxifies methylglyoxal, a byproduct of the intense glycolysis taking place in the trophozoite. Proteins involved in GSH-dependent processes include glutathione reductase, glutaredoxins, glyoxalase I and II, glutathione S-transferases, and thioredoxins. These proteins, as well as the ATP-dependent enzymes of glutathione synthesis, are studied as factors in the pathophysiology of malaria but also as potential drug targets. Methylene blue, an inhibitor of the structurally known P. falciparum glutathione reductase, appears to be a promising antimalarial medication when given in combination with chloroquine.
130 citations