Methylglyoxal

About: Methylglyoxal is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2844 publications have been published within this topic receiving 102037 citations. The topic is also known as: acetylformaldehyde & pyruvaldehyde.

Methylglyoxal, oxidative stress, and hypertension.

Abstract: Pathogenic mechanisms for essential hypertension are unclear despite striking efforts from numerous research teams over several decades. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with the development of hypertension and the role of ROS in hypertension has been well documented in recent years. In this context, it is important to better understand pathways and triggering factors for increased ROS production in hypertension. This review draws a causative linkage between elevated methylglyoxal level, methylglyoxal-induced production of ROS, and advanced glycation end products in the development of hypertension. It is proposed that elevated methylglyoxal level and resulting protein glycation and ROS production may be the upstream links in the chain reaction leading to the development of hypertension.

Glyoxalase-1 overexpression reduces endothelial dysfunction and attenuates early renal impairment in a rat model of diabetes

Abstract: Aims/hypothesis In diabetes, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and the AGE precursor methylglyoxal (MGO) are associated with endothelial dysfunction and the development of microvascular complications. In this study we used a rat model of diabetes, in which rats transgenically overexpressed the MGO-detoxifying enzyme glyoxalase-I (GLO-I), to determine the impact of intracellular glycation on vascular function and the development of early renal changes in diabetes.

Essential Structural Requirements and Additive Effects for Flavonoids to Scavenge Methylglyoxal.

Abstract: Reactive dicarbonyl species, such as methylglyoxal (MGO), are considered as the major precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are believed to be one of the physiological causes of diabetes and its complications. Scavenging of reactive dicarbonyl species using naturally occurring flavonoids has been proposed as an effective way to prevent diabetic complications. To elucidate the structural requirements of flavonoids in scavenging MGO, seven flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin, epicatechin, genistein, daidzein, apigenin, and phloretin) and five sub-components of the flavonoids (gallic acid, phloroglucinol, pyrogallol, pyrocatechol, and resorcinol) were examined in this study. Our results showed the following: (1) 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene (pyrogallol) has higher MGO scavenging activity than 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene and 1,2- and 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, and substitution at position 5 of pyrogallol diminished the scavenging activity, indicating that position 5 is the active site of pyrogallol; (2) the A ring is the active site of flavonoids in contributing the MGO-trapping efficacy, and the hydroxyl group at C-5 on the A ring enhances the trapping efficacy; (3) the double bond between C-2 and C-3 on the C ring could facilitate the trapping efficacy; and (4) the number of hydroxyl groups on the B ring does not significantly influence the trapping efficacy. In addition, we found there is an additive effect in MGO trapping by two common flavonoids, quercetin and phloretin, indicating that flavonoid-enriched foods and beverages hold great promise to prevent the development of diabetic complications.