Showing papers on "Metropolitan area published in 1969"
Book•
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01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the role of values in the survival of the world and the importance of values as a response to values in a world where values are a capsule process process.
Abstract: City and Countryside Sea and Survival The Plight A Step Forward The Cast and the Capsule Nature in the Metropolis On Values A Response to Values The World is a Capsule Processes as Values The Naturalists The River Basin The Metropolitan Region Process and Forum The City - Health and Pathology Prospect.
2,198 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a second edition of the Second Edition of their book "The Eight-Eenth-Century Town of Philadelphia: 1830-1860".
Abstract: Acknowledgments Intorduction to the Second Edition PART ONE: THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY TOWN 1- The Environment of Private Opportunity 2- War and the Limits of the Tradition PART TWO: THE BIG CITY 1830-1860 3- Spatial Patterns of Rapid Growth 4- Industrialization 5- The Specialization of Leadership 6- Municipal Institutions 7- Riots and the Restoration of Public Order PART THREE: THE INDUSTRIAL METROPOLIS 8- The Structure of the Metropolis 9- Some Metropolitan Districts 10- The Industrial Metropolis as an Inheritance Bibliography of Recent Philadelphia Books Notes to Tables in Text
201 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of decentralization of employment and its impact on the urban negro's employment problem is presented, and regression results are used to evaluate the effect of such a model.
Abstract: I. Introduction, 299. — II. Changes in employment patterns, 300. — III. Negro population changes in the urban areas, 304. — IV. A model of decentralization of employment and its impact on the urban negro's employment problem, 304. — V. The regression results, 307. — VI. Conclusions and implications, 309.
76 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1969
72 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a survey of 1500 house-hold occupants in the United States to evaluate their preference for different types of living environments. But, the survey was designed to test the applicability of the findings to all URBAN areas in the USA.
Abstract: INTERVIEWS WERE CONDUCTED OF A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF 1500 HOUSEHOLDS IN VARIOUS METROPOLITAN AREAS IN THE UNITED STATES TO DEVELOP LOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS FOR DESIRED HOME TYPE, PRICE RANGES, TRAVEL ACCESS MIXES, AND LIVING QUALITIES. A QUESTIONNAIRE WAS DEVELOPED FOR THIS PURPOSE BY THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA WHICH WAS TO APPLY TO ALL URBAN AREAS IN THE UNITED STATES. THE SURVEY INSTRUMENT WAS CAREFULLY DESIGNED TO PROVIDE INFORMATION FOR TESTING SPECIFIC HYPOTHESIS ABOUT HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR, AS WELL AS PROVIDING A PROFILE OF CURRENT BEHAVIOR. INTERVIEWS, ABOUT ONE HOUR IN LENGTH, WERE CONDUCTED IN 43 METROPOLITAN AREAS ACROSS THE UNITED STATES. THE STUDY IDENTIFIES KEY VARIABLES UNDERLYING THE BEHAVIOR OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH RESPECT TO BOTH RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY AND RESIDENTIAL CHOICE. EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON THE MARGINAL CHANGE, THE INCREMENT OF ACTUAL HOUSEHOLD MOBILITY AND CHOICE IN A GIVEN TIME PERIOD, RATHER THAN ON CHANGE IN THE WHOLE RESIDENTIAL PATTERN. HOUSING PREFERENCES ARE STUDIED THROUGH ANALYSIS OF THE HOUSEHOLD'S ATTITUDES AND THEIR CHOICES IN THE HOUSING MARKET. IN ADDITION TO BUDGET AND FAMILY-SIZE FACTORS, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF ATTITUDINAL AND OTHER FACTORS WHICH HAVE A PRONOUNCED EFFECT ON THE WILLINGNESS OF URBAN HOUSEHOLDS TO MOVE AND ON THE WAY IN WHICH THEY MAKE HOUSING CHOICES. THE INTERVIEWS PROVIDED INFORMATION ON EACH HOUSEHOLD'S CURRENT AND PREVIOUS PLACE OF RESIDENCE, THE HOUSEHOLD'S CHOICE OF ITS CURRENT RESIDENCE, ACCESSIBILITY, OPPORTUNITIES, AND PREFERENCES OF THE HOUSEHOLD, DWELLING UNIT AND NEIGHBORHOOD PREFERENCES OF THE HOUSEHOLD, FUTURE MOVING INTENTIONS OF THE HOUSEHOLD, AND HOUSEHOLD ATTITUDES TOWARD FACTORS RELEVANT TO RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY AND HOUSING CHOICE. THE SURVEY INDICATES THAT IN RECENT INTRAMETROPOLITAN MOVES URBAN HOUSEHOLDS TEND TO SHIFT TOWARD OWNERSHIP, A SINGLE- FAMILY HOUSE, AND INCREASE IN NUMBER OF ROOMS, AND AN INCREASE IN HOUSING COST, THERE IS CONSIDERABLE VARIATION IN HOUSING PREFERENCES AMONG HOUSEHOLDS OF DIFFERENT SOCIO- ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS, AND WITH DIFFERENT RESIDENTIAL EXPERIENCE.
71 citations
TL;DR: The soil adjacent to 12 highways in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area had lead accumulations in the range of 128 to 700 ppm, and the lead concentrations were related to traffic volume and distance from the highway as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The soil adjacent to 12 highways in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area had lead accumulations in the range of 128 to 700 ppm. The lead concentrations found were related to traffic volume and distance from the highway.
59 citations
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the general model and regression model were used to evaluate the correlation and regression results of a regression model with a general model, and the regression model was used for regression results.
Abstract: The general model, 660 — The regression model, 663 — Correlation and regression results, 666 — Evaluation, 667 — Some conclusions, 670 — Appendix, 671
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the shift from conceiving these problems in isolated and segmental form to approaching them in an urban systems framework, inclusive of both a behavioral and an environmental perspective, is discussed.
Abstract: Out of the confusion surrounding the many complex and critical problems besetting the urban scene in the US today, one development has occurred which offers some hope that these problems may some day be brought under control. This development is the shift from conceiving these problems in isolated and segmental form to approaching them in an urban systems framework, inclusive of both a behavioral and an environmental perspective. In this paper, we review a rationale which we believe offers possibilities of relating environment and behavior in a systems framework;
33 citations
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TL;DR: The next round of censuses, taken in i960, whose findings are now being an alyzed, reveal with even greater accuracy that this pattern of rapid urbanization of underdeveloped and often crowded nations is continuing as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Some years ago when the first post-war population censuses began to trickle in from all over the world, it became evi dent that the fastest rates of urbanization were appearing in the developing and new nations. While many of these coun tries as a whole were experiencing a rapid population growth, their cities were growing at an even more rapid pace. Urban populations in many instances were more than doubling and tripling within a single decade, largely as a consequence of mass migration to cities. The next round of censuses, taken in i960, whose findings are now being an alyzed, reveal with even greater accuracy that this pattern of rapid urbanization of underdeveloped and often crowded nations is continuing. This is dramatic new urbanization; and it is affecting the lives of millions of people and the economics and the politics of nations. In both America and Europe a new kind of urbanization is taking place as well. In these nations of "mature cities," books such as The Emerging City, Megalopolis, and The Exploding Metropolis have appeared in recent years. The city did not settle down in middle age. Indeed, it had grown fast and sprawled, and spawned new metropolitan centers from small cities in the desert.
30 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, a study of American newspaper readability in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas was conducted and the results indicated that there was a significant difference between front page readability level of metropolitan and nonsmooth newspapers.
Abstract: This paper is based on a study of American newspaper readability in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas.
The results indicated that there was a significant difference between front page readability level of metropolitan and non-metropolitan newspapers. There was a significant difference in readability level between metropolitan and non-metropolitan newspaper articles. With the exception of the local news, the non-metropolitan means were higher for each of these classifications.
There was no significant difference between metropolitan and non-metro-politan Associated Press articles. However, there was a significant difference between United Press International metropolitan and non-metropolitan articles. United Press International articles in non-metropolitan papers were more difficult to read.
TL;DR: A review of a number of studies of intra-urban migration suggests that, for a variety of reasons, most moves are only for short distances and are directed away from the city centre as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A review of a number of studies of intra-urban migration suggests that, for a variety of reasons, most moves are only for short distances and are directed away from the city centre. In-migrants from outside the city generally first reside in the central residential areas, where mobility is greatest, and then move towards the suburbs according to the housing requirements of their families. Five hypotheses relating to these processes are tested on recent data for the Melbourne Metropolitan Area, and all are basically confirmed. Some deviations from the anticipated patterns occur because of marked social and economic variations among in-migrants to the city, however, and while the general patterns are as expected, a considerable portion of the total population is not involved in the migration process.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the City models built by Envirometrics, which can be used to relate the national, regional, metropolitan, city, and neighborhood elements of the urban system.
Abstract: Social scientists need a laboratory, similar to those available to physical and natural scientists, with which to analyze man's urban environment and experiment with change. Operational simulation shows promise as a way to develop an urban laboratory. After an overview of some games and simulations that contribute experience in particular fields, this article describes the City models built by Envirometrics. A new technique, modular modeling, can be used to relate the national, regional, metropolitan, city, and neighborhood elements of the urban system.
TL;DR: While demand for dental care is expected to increase in all areas in the future, low socioceonomic areas with large numbers of Medicaid-eligihle patients will show dramatic spurts in dental demand, and it is unlikely that this need will be met.
Abstract: The critical health manpower problem in the United States is most evident in the field of dental health. Shortages of dentists are projected, due to rising population and income levels. This inadequacy will be accentuated by thirdparty payments, like Medicaid. The dental manpower situation in the Boston metropolitan area was assessed. It was found that towns that have low socioeconomic levels, compared with towns that have higher socioeconomic levels, had: (a) fewer dentists relative to their populations; (b) fewer specialists; (c) older dentists, less productive in terms of equipment, employment of auxiliary personnel, and hours worked, who will require replacement soon; (d) dentists who less frequently employ auxiliary personnel; and (e) recent histories of losing rather than gaining dentists. While demand for dental care is expected to increase in all areas in the future, low socioeconomic areas with large numbers of Medicaid-eligible patients will show dramatic spurts in dental demand. These poverty areas need more dentists, but it is unlikely that this need will be met. This situation is largely masked by the fact that the Boston metropolitan area as a whole has an excellent dental manpower situation. Redistribution of dentists within the Boston metropolitan area will be necessary to meet dental demands resulting from Medicaid.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Research to evaluate the benefits of radiation treatment of municipal and industrial wastes is reported, and the research reported in this paper is part of that evaluation.
Abstract: In highly urbanized areas, increasing population densities and industrial activity are sorely pressing the present capabilities of biological treatment. In these areas, satisfactory water quality can be maintained only if more efficient and advanced wastewater treatment methods are used to supple ment existing capabilities. The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago, long a major in novator of programs designed to im prove water quality, has recognized the need to develop new technology to cope with these pressing problems. As a result, the Metropolitan Sanitary Dis trict has undertaken an extensive pro gram to provide efficient and economi cal solutions to many of the potentially burdensome problems of the future. An important part of this program was the research to evaluate the poten tial benefits of radiation treatment of municipal and industrial wastes. The research reported in this paper is part of that evaluation.
TL;DR: The Metropolitan Tidal Wave in Ohio, 1900-2000 as mentioned in this paper, is a well-known example of a large-scale phenomenon in the United States, which is called the tidal wave.
Abstract: (1969). The Metropolitan Tidal Wave in Ohio, 1900–2000. Economic Geography: Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 133-154.
TL;DR: The first inhabitants of the new units generally are not recently formed households as discussed by the authors, and the new households generally occupy second-hand dwellings, therefore, while new residential units are taken up by pre-existing households within the city.
Abstract: CITY expansion is largely a function of new household formation, whether by in-migration from elsewhere or by persons already resident in the city either marrying or leaving the parental home to live alone. Much of the physical expansion takes place through the construction of new dwelling units on the urban periphery, although the redevelopment of inner residential areas may produce a net gain in dwelling units. In both cases, however, the first inhabitants of the new units generally are not recently formed households. Most people who occupy new homes are already resident in the city; this is particularly the case in public housing whose occupants usually have to be resident in the local government area for 5 to Io years in order to qualify for such a dwelling. The new households generally occupy second-hand dwellings, therefore, while new residential units are taken up by pre-existing households within the city. The result is a continuous and complex pattern of intra-urban migration.
DOI•
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify and ascertain the relative importance of the locational determinants for private enterprise new communities in metropolitan regions, and explore the idea that such projects reflect attempts to improve the efficiency of the housebuilding and land development industry and represent a logical progression in the private sector's contribution to urban development.
Abstract: The growing p o l i t i c a l interest in new communities in North America in response to central city congestion and the problems of urban sprawl underscores the need for empirical data on current new community activity as i t i s now being applied on this continent. This study proposes an examination of such communities but with a particular problem i n mind* It attempts to identify and ascertain the relative importance of the locational determinants for private enterprise new communities in metropolitan regions. The point of view taken is that the recent proliferation of these privately developed communities provides planners with a unique opportunity to help structure the future urban pattern of the metropolitan region. But i f such planners are to anticipate and plan for these communities, they must strive for an understanding of the underlying decision-making c r i t e r i a involved in such projects, including their possible future locations. Ih addition to the basic problem outlined above, this study has also been guided by the following secondary objectives: (l) to establish the importance of examining the location of private enterprise new communities by exploring the idea that such projects reflect attempts to improve the efficiency of the housebuilding and land development industry and, therefore represent a logical progression in the private sector's contribution to urban development; (2) to examine past new town locational experience, particularly in Britain and Scandinavia; and (3) to assess the regulatory tool presently available to planners for-influencing the location of private enterprise new communities.
TL;DR: The need for attention to solid waste is accentuated by the fact that governments in rural areas are not as well equipped in manpower, expertise, and other resources to deal with solid waste problems as are governmental units for cities and larger metropolitan areas as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: W E are one of the most affluent, and effluent, people in the world. Recent investigations suggest that over a ton per person of various types of solid wastes is collected annually in the United States [4, p. 13] and over one percent of GNP is spent on collection and disposal [2, p. 3]. What are solid wastes? In addition to garbage and municipal refuse, solid wastes include wastes from commercial, industrial, agricultural, and demolition sources. The composition of solid wastes has been changing dramatically over time, and volume has been continuously increasing. Pressing problems connected with this growing amount of material have been recognized in many cities and metropolitan areas, and efforts are being made to find solutions. However, solid waste problems are by no means confined to cities and large metropolitan areas. Failure to recognize solid waste problems in rural areas may be one reason why open dumps, open-dump burning, and littering occur and are making many rural areas lose their advantage over cities in environmental quality. As urban frontiers penetrate deeper into rural areas, solid waste problems in rural areas will become more critical. To add to the problems, sparsely populated rural areas are becoming prime candidates for location of disposal sites for wastes generated in large metropolitan areas. The need for attention to solid wastes is accentuated by the fact that governments in rural areas are not as well equipped in manpower, expertise, and other resources to deal with solid waste problems as are governmental units for cities and larger metropolitan areas. There is an almost unexplainable void in economic analyses of solid waste disposal. The purpose of this paper is to probe economic issues in solid waste disposal and to suggest problems for analytical research.