Metropolitan area

About: Metropolitan area is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 26029 publications have been published within this topic receiving 385648 citations. The topic is also known as: metro & metro area.

Great cities and their traffic

Abstract: A rapidly growing proportion of the world's population is living in cities with steadily deteriorating transport systems. This book is about the transport problems, policies and plans of the world's great metropolises. It is a study mainly of thirty cities, chosen from every continent in the hope of obtaining a fair picture of the metropolitan transport problem and how it is being tackled throughout the world. The sample contains ten cities from Europe (london, paris, hamburg, bremen, copenhagen, goteborg, stockholm, vienna, athens and istanbul), nine from north America (new york, boston, toronto, detroit, chicago, denver, salt lake city, san francisco and los angeles), seven from asia (teheran, karachi, calcutta, Singapore, hong kong, tokyo and manila), two from Australia (Sydney and Melbourne), one from South America (bogota), and one from africa (lagos) . The reason for confining the study to large cities was the author's belief (a) that the transport problems of a city are related to its size, and (b) that cities of the same size everywhere have broadly the same problems. For a comparative study there is more interest in a comparison of cities of similar size, albeit situated in different parts of the world, than of cities of very different sizes within the same country.

The Political Economy of Special-Purpose Government

Abstract: In recent decades, local governments across America have increasingly turned specialized functions over to autonomous agencies ranging in scope from subdivision-sized water districts to multi-state transit authorities This book is the first comprehensive examination of the causes and consequences of special-purpose governments in more than 300 metropolitan areas in the United States It presents new evidence on the economic, political, and social implications of relying on these special districts while offering important findings about their use and significance

Modelling urban growth and landscape changes in the Atlanta metropolitan area

Abstract: We use an urban growth model, closely coupled with a land transition model, to simulate future urban growth in the Atlanta metropolitan area, one of the fastest growing metropolises in the United States during the past three decades. We calibrate the model with historical data that are extracted from a time series of satellite images. We design three specific scenarios to simulate the spatial consequences of urban growth under different environmental conditions. The first scenario is to simulate the continued growth trend by maintaining unchanged the current conditions. The second scenario is to project the growth trend by taking into consideration road development and environmental protection. The third scenario is to simulate the development trend by slowing down growth and changing growth pattern. The first two scenarios demonstrate that unchecked urban growth would result in the displacement of almost the entire natural vegetation and all of the open space in the metro area. In contrast, the result fr...

Leading Causes of Death in Nonmetropolitan and Metropolitan Areas- United States, 1999-2014.

Abstract: PROBLEM/CONDITION Higher rates of death in nonmetropolitan areas (often referred to as rural areas) compared with metropolitan areas have been described but not systematically assessed. PERIOD COVERED 1999-2014 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: Mortality data for U.S. residents from the National Vital Statistics System were used to calculate age-adjusted death rates and potentially excess deaths for nonmetropolitan and metropolitan areas for the five leading causes of death. Age-adjusted death rates included all ages and were adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population by the direct method. Potentially excess deaths are defined as deaths among persons aged <80 years that exceed the numbers that would be expected if the death rates of states with the lowest rates (i.e., benchmark states) occurred across all states. (Benchmark states were the three states with the lowest rates for each cause during 2008-2010.) Potentially excess deaths were calculated separately for nonmetropolitan and metropolitan areas. Data are presented for the United States and the 10 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services public health regions. RESULTS Across the United States, nonmetropolitan areas experienced higher age-adjusted death rates than metropolitan areas. The percentages of potentially excess deaths among persons aged <80 years from the five leading causes were higher in nonmetropolitan areas than in metropolitan areas. For example, approximately half of deaths from unintentional injury and chronic lower respiratory disease in nonmetropolitan areas were potentially excess deaths, compared with 39.2% and 30.9%, respectively, in metropolitan areas. Potentially excess deaths also differed among and within public health regions; within regions, nonmetropolitan areas tended to have higher percentages of potentially excess deaths than metropolitan areas. INTERPRETATION Compared with metropolitan areas, nonmetropolitan areas have higher age-adjusted death rates and greater percentages of potentially excess deaths from the five leading causes of death, nationally and across public health regions. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION Routine tracking of potentially excess deaths in nonmetropolitan areas might help public health departments identify emerging health problems, monitor known problems, and focus interventions to reduce preventable deaths in these areas.