Topic
Microbial biodegradation
About: Microbial biodegradation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1647 publications have been published within this topic receiving 75473 citations.
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01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: Different types of bacteria and fungi are reported to successfully degrade PCBs, but only a few fungi are possible degraders in the absence of alternative carbon sources.
Abstract: Synthetic chlorinated organic compounds—polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)—have been used in several industrial applications for over 50 years and are among the most persistent classes of xenobiotic pollutants. PCBs remain in the environment for a long period due to their low reactivity and stability in harsh environmental conditions. Samples of PCBs can be analysed using chromatographic methods (gas or liquid) coupled with mass spectrometry after various pre-treatment and extraction methods. Hydrophobicity and a chemically stable nature cause them to break down very slowly under natural conditions. Catabolism by microbial enzymes is an efficient route for environmental biodegradation of PCBs, but as chlorination substitution in the biphenyl ring increases, the microbial degradation rate decreases. Different types of microbes are reported to degrade PCBs under anaerobic and/or aerobic conditions by reducing and oxidizing dechlorination mechanisms, respectively. Four main enzymes are reported for the biodegradation pathway of PCBs: biphenyl dioxygenase (bphA), dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (bphB), 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase (bphC) and 2-hydroxyl-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid hydrolase (bphD). Different types of bacteria are reported to successfully degrade PCBs, but only a few fungi are possible degraders in the absence of alternative carbon sources.
15 citations
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The persistence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment is mainly due to their low solubility in water and stable polycondensed aromatic structure.
Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a major class of organic compounds (Xue and Warshawsky 2005), that consist of over 100 individual moieties (Rehmann et al. 2008). Because of their toxicity and wide spread occurrence, PAH represent one of the most important groups of environmental pollutants (Eggen and Majcherczyk 1998). They consist of two or more fused benzene rings in linear, angular or cluster arrangements. The persistence of these chemicals in the environment is mainly due to their low solubility in water and stable polycondensed aromatic structure. Hydrophobicity and recalcitrance of PAHs to microbial degradation generally increase as the molecular weight increases. Besides being toxic to animals, some PAHs with four or more benzene rings, such as benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene, have been shown to be carcinogenic (Bezalel et al. 1996).
15 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that lipase preparation from Rhizomucor miehei (Palatase®) may be a useful agent to improve microbial degradation of recalcitrant pollutants, like slop oil in water environments.
15 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that spontaneous development of microorganisms within a substrate could have specific effects on organic matter evolution and disease control, and that microbial activity strongly depends on substrate origin and manufacturing process.
15 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: This work presents a meta-modelling study of the bioremediation of Sites Polluted by Heavy Metals and its effects on Microorganisms Involved in the Biodegradation of Organic Compounds and Populations.
Abstract: 1. Environmental Site Assessments and Bioremediation J.G. Ham, J.S. Bonner. 2. Microbial Ecology of Contaminated Sites C.S. Jacobsen, R.R. Gayazov. 3. Predictive Models for the Efficacy of Bioremediation F. Briganti, et al. 4. Rates and Dynamics of Bioremediation S.D. Varfolomeyev. 5. Microorganisms Involved in the Biodegradation of Organic Compounds L. Golovleva. 6. Microbial Resources for Bioremediation of Sites Polluted by Heavy Metals M. Mergeay. 7. Bioconversion and Removal of Metals and Radionuclides F. Baldi, et al. 8. Adaptation: Dynamics of Genes, Enzyme Activities and Populations F. Baldi, et al. 9. Protein Engineering for Improved Biodegradation of Recalcitrant Pollutants J.R. Mason, et al.
15 citations