Topic
Microbial biodegradation
About: Microbial biodegradation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1647 publications have been published within this topic receiving 75473 citations.
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TL;DR: Biostimulation seems to significantly reduce the time required for the remediation of toxic hydrocarbons in forest area impacted by recent wildfire in Northern Italy, most likely because of the enhancement of microbial degradation through the improvement of nutrient balance in the burned soil.
73 citations
TL;DR: The characteristics of the global biodegradation network brought about by all the known chemical reactions that are implicated in this process, regardless of their microbial hosts, support an evolutionary scenario in which the reactions evolved outwards from the central metabolism.
Abstract: Microbial biodegradation of environmental pollutants is a field of growing importance because of its potential use in bioremediation and biocatalysis. We have studied the characteristics of the global biodegradation network that is brought about by all the known chemical reactions that are implicated in this process, regardless of their microbial hosts. This combination produces an efficient and integrated suprametabolism, with properties similar to those that define metabolic networks in single organisms. The characteristics of this network support an evolutionary scenario in which the reactions evolved outwards from the central metabolism. The properties of the global biodegradation network have implications for predicting the fate of current and future environmental pollutants.
73 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggest that S. alaxensis may be an effective plant for rhizoremediation by altering microbial community structure, enhancing the loss of some PCB congeners and reducing the toxicity of the soil environment.
73 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') and Simpson dominance index (D), calculated from the DGGE profiles using 16S rDNA, showed considerable qualitative differences in the community structure before and after the bioremediation treatment as well as between treatment conditions.
Abstract: The present study compared the microbial diversity and activity during the application of various bioremediation processes to crude oil-contaminated soil. Five different treatments, including natural attenuation (NA), biostimulation (BS), biosurfactant addition (BE), bioaugmentation (BA), and a combined treatment (CT) of biostimulation, biosurfactant addition, and bioaugmentation, were used to analyze the degradation rate and microbial communities. After 120 days, the level of remaining hydrocarbons after all the treatments was similar, however, the highest rate (k) of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradatioN was observed with the CT treatment (P < 0.05). The total bacterial counts increased during the first 2 weeks with all the treatments, and then remained stable. The bacterial communities and alkane monooxygenase gene fragment, alkB, were compared by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The DGGE analyses of the BA and CT treatments, which included Nocardia sp. H17-1, revealed a simple dominant population structure, compared with the other treatments. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') and Simpson dominance index (D), calculated from the DGGE profiles using 16S rDNA, showed considerable qualitative differences in the community structure before and after the bioremediation treatment as well as between treatment conditions.
72 citations
TL;DR: Soil microorganisms converting heptachlor to its epoxide were identified and the presence of cyclodiene insecticides in the media appeared to influence some microbial metabolic processes.
Abstract: Chemical and soil microbial degradation of heptachlor proceeded by at least 3 pathways: epoxidation, hydrolysis, and reduction. Soil microorganisms converting heptachlor to its epoxide were identified. Thirty-five of 47 fungi, and 26 of 45 bacteria and actinomycetes isolated from soil produced the epoxide. In aqueous media, heptachlor hydrolyzed chemically to 1-hydroxychlordene, which the soil microorganisms were able to epoxidize to I-hydroxy. 2,3-epoxychlordenc. Heptachlor was dechlorinated by bacteria to chlordene which was then epoxidized to chlor dene epoxide. The insecticide and its byproducts were concentrated in the fungal mycelium. The presence of cyclodiene insecticides in the media appeared to influence some microbial metabolic processes.
72 citations