Microbial biodegradation

About: Microbial biodegradation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1647 publications have been published within this topic receiving 75473 citations.

Environmental Biotechnology: Reducing Risks from Environmental Chemicals through Biotechnology

Abstract: Microbial Ecology.- The Ecology of an Anaerobic Dechlorinating Consortium.- Performance of Biodegradative Microorganisms in Soil: Xenobiotic Chemicals as Unexploited Metabolic Niches.- Tracking Microorganisms and Genes in the Environment.- Relevant Advances in Molecular Biology.- Prospects for Laboratory Engineering of Bacteria to Degrade Pollutants.- Constructing Microbial Strains for Degradation of Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- Stable Inheritance of Bacterial Plasmids: Practical Considerations in the Release of Organisms into the Environment.- Biotransformations of Mercury Compounds.- Minimizing Risks of Release of Microorganisms into the Environment.- Using Knowledge of Virulence Factors to Select or Design Organisms with Low Risk of Pathogenicity.- Applications to Chemical and Environmental Targets, Combining Microbial and Engineering Approaches.- Bioengineering Issues Related to in Situ Remediation of Contaminated Soils and Groundwater.- Bioremediation of Chemical Spills.- Microbiological Cleanup of Groundwater Contaminated by Pentachlorophenol.- Remediation of Multimedia Contamination from the Wood-Preserving Industry.- Preliminary Development of a Bench-Scale Treatment System for Aerobic Degradation of Trichloroethylene.- Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in the Environment.- Discussion.- Complex Industrial Waste Sites.- Biological Approaches for Polychlorinated Biphenyl Degradation.- Exploitation of the High Affinity and Specificity of Proteins in Waste Stream Treatment.- Bioprocessing of Coal.- Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Treatment of Hazardous Wastes.- Environmental Concerns Associated with the Design of Genetic Engineering Facilities.- The Role of Biotechnology in Pollution Control and the Role of Genetic Engineering in such Biotechnology Applications.- Assessment, Communication, and Management of Environmental Risks.- Balancing Regulatory Control, Scientific Knowledge, and Public Understanding.- Environmental Pollution Policies in Light of Biotechnological Assessment: Organisation for Economic Cooperation, United Kingdom, and European Economic Council Perspectives.- Environmental Protection Agency Actions to Stimulate Use of Biotechnology for Pollution Control and Cleanup.- Commentary: Some Issues in Biodegradation.- Corporate Panel.- Users and Providers of the New Technologies.- Public Participation.- Public Participation.- Superfund Strategies and Technologies: A Role for Biotechnology.- Concluding Remarks.- Concluding Remarks.- Poster Abstracts (Alphabetical).- 4-Chlorobenzoate Metabolism by Acinetobacter SP. 4-CB 1 and Its Relevance to Biodegradation of 4,4?-Dichlorobiphenyl.- Analysis of the Promoter for the Pseudomonas Putida catBC Operon.- Two Joint Office of Research and Development/Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Projects.- Modeling the Growth Kinetics and Substrate Utilization of a TCE-Degrading Microorganism.- A Shuttle System for the Rapid Introduction of Tracking and other Genes into the Chromosomes of Soil Bacteria.- The Molecular Microbial Ecology of a Catabolic Genotype in a Biological Treatment Process.- Pilot-Scale Biological Treatment of Contaminated Groundwater at an Abandoned Wood Treatment Plant.- Cloning and Sequencing of pseudomonas Genes Involved in the Demethylation of the Lignin Degradation Derivative, Vanillate.- A Novel Method to Detect Genetically Altered Microorganisms in the Environment.- Successful Microbial Remediations of Large-Scale Hazardous Waste Problems, Soils, and Waste Site Leachate.- Biodegradation of the Herbicide Alachlor in Liquid Culture and a Soil Slurry.- Microbial Volatilization of Selenium from Soils.- Transformation and Mineralization of Aroclor 1254.- Microbial Degradation of Chlorinated Unsaturated Fatty Acids.- Anaerobic Biodegradation Capabilities of Freshwater Lake Sediments: Influence of Temperature and Sulfate Concentration on the Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol.- A New Method for Bacterial Strain Construction in Biodegradation of Xenobiotic Compounds.- The Organofluorophosphate Hydrolases of Tetrahymena thermophila and Rangia cuneata.- Fluidity of Plasmid DNA Fragments Involved in Biodegradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons by pseudomonas putida Strain R5-3.- Biological Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Waste Lagoons.- Enhanced Biological Removal of Toluene from Aqueous Systems.- On-Site Biological Treatment of Creosote-Contaminated Soils.- Risk Assessment of Application of Biodegradative Microorganisms for Hazardous Waste Destruction.- Anaerobic Treatment of Waste Streams from the Organic Chemicals Industry.- Biological Treatment for Soils Contaminated with Polychlorinated Biphenyls.- Degradation of Substituted Phenols by Immobilized Bacteria.- Metabolic Conversion of Lindane to Chlorophenols, Hydrophobic Acids, and More Hydrophilic Products by Streptomyces PSI.- Respirometric Study of Microbial Degradation of Phenol.- Field Demonstration of the Effectiveness of Land Application for the Treatment of Creosote-Contaminated Wastes.- The Land Treatability of Petroleum Refinery Waste Constituents.- Use of Catabolic Mutants of Pseudomonas Cepacia AC1100 to Isolate Genetic Elements Responsible for 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Degradation.- Biological Treatment of Organic Contaminants Using Submerged Fixed-Film Reactors.- Monoclonal Antibodies for Detection of Environmental Contamination: An Immunoassay for Dioxin.- Modeling the Methane and Toxic-Degradation Kinetics of Methane-Oxidizing Biofilm Reactors.- Two-Stage Degradation of Parathion by Flavobacterium Sp. and Pseudomonas Sp..- Bacterial Degradation of Chlorinated Biphenyls.- The Yeast CUP1 Gene: A Model for Biological Detoxification of Heavy Metal Effluents.- Degradation of Nitroguanidine Wastewater Components.

Microbial Metabolism of Pentachlorophenol

Abstract: Microbial degradation of pentachlorophenol has been studied in mixed microbial communities and in an axenic bacterial culture. Using the sodium salt of 14C-pentachlorophenol, bacteria have been shown to metabolize the compound with the formation of 14CO2 and Cl-ions. Conditions for the biodestruction of pentachlorophenol in synthetic wastewater and authentic wood preservative wastewater were studied using an aerobic, continuous flow, high cell recycle system. The biomass formed in the presence of pentachlorophenol was capable of significant degradation of several other chlorophenols, however, monochlorophenols were not eliminated at a significant rate.

Effect of surfactants on the soil desorption of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers and their anaerobic biodegradation

Abstract: The extensive utilization of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) such as pesticides generates high environmental pollution levels. Due to their hydrophobicity, this type of compound tends to accumulate in soil organic matter and, thus, soil desorption limits their availability for microbial degradation. The use of surfactants may increase the pollutant's desorption from the soil. One of the pesticides with strong sorption characteristics is hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a mixture of isomers: α-, β-, γ- and δ-HCH. In this work, we evaluated the use of three surfactants, Triton X100, Tween 80 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), on the HCH desorption from a sandy loam soil. The effects of the addition of these surfactants on anaerobic biodegradation were studied. To attain this purpose, different assays were performed to evaluate both effects. Triton X100 exerted the best desorption of HCH isomers, followed by Tween 80, whereas SDS caused no significant desorption of the isomers. Triton had a strong inhibitory effect on the HCH biodegradation, while Tween 80 did not decrease the degradation rates of the different isomers. Moreover, the degradation rates of β- and δ-HCH were significantly enhanced (around 10%). On the other hand, detrimental effects on the biodegradation rates and yields were due to the ageing of the soil, depending on the period of exposure of the soil to the pollutant. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry

Microbial degradation of recalcitrant pesticides: a review

Abstract: Some pesticides such as organochlorines are of critical environmental concern because they are highly persistent due to their stable chemical nature. As a consequence, even after banning, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and endosulfan can be detected at concentrations above permissible limits. Moreover, classical pesticide degradation of these compounds using physiochemical processes is limited. Alternatively, biodegradation using microorganisms isolated in contaminated sites appears promising. For instance, the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens degrades aldrin by 94.8%, and the fungus Ganoderma lucidum can bring down the levels of lindane by 75.5%. In addition, the toxicity is reduced by enzymes that perform oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, dehydrogenation, dehalogenation and decarboxylation. Then, the metabolites are further degraded by mineralisation and cometabolism. The biodegradation process can be manipulated by applying techniques such as bioattenuation, bioaugmentation and biostimulation. This article discusses the latest advances in microbial degradation of recalcitrant pesticides.