Showing papers on "Microstrip published in 1974"
TL;DR: In this paper, a new class of antennas using microstrips to form the feed networks and radiators is presented in this communication, which have four distinct advantages: 1) cost, 2) performance, 3) ease of installation, and 4) low profile conformal design.
Abstract: A new class of antennas using microstrips to form the feed networks and radiators is presented in this communication. These antennas have four distinct advantages: 1) cost, 2) performance, 3) ease of installation, and 4) the low profile conformal design. The application of these antennas is limited to small bandwidths. Phased arrays using these techniques are also discussed.
608 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple method is described to calculate the capacitances of rectangular and circular microstrip disk capacitors, and the influence of the fringing field on the resonance frequencies of microstrip disks resonators is calculated.
Abstract: A simple method is described to calculate the capacitances of rectangular and circular microstrip disk capacitors. From the edge capacitances of the capacitors the influence of the fringing field on the resonance frequencies of microstrip disk resonators is calculated. A theory to compute the resonance frequencies of microstrip resonators with high accuracy is presented. The resonance frequencies are calculated from a resonator model employing an effective width and length or radius, respectively, filled with a medium of a "dynamic dielectric constant." Theoretical and experimental results are compared and found to be in agreement within 1 percent.
296 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the equivalent circuit of an inductive strip inserted in the middle of a waveguide parallel to the E plane is analyzed theoretically by evaluating the inductive reactance of the equivalent T network which was obtained by the Rayleigh-Ritz variational technique.
Abstract: The equivalent circuit of an inductive strip inserted in the middle of a waveguide parallel to the E plane is analyzed theoretically by evaluating the inductive reactance of the equivalent T network which was obtained by the Rayleigh-Ritz variational technique. A design theory for the bandpass filter of this type is derived from this equivalent circuit. The confirmation between the design theory and the experimental resuIts is also shown.
179 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an accurate and efficient method was developed for computing the resonant frequencies of microstrip resonators, which was carried out rigorously using the full-wave analysis rather than the quasi-static approximation.
Abstract: An accurate and efficient method was developed for computing the resonant frequencies of microstrip resonators. The formulation of the problem was carried out rigorously using the full-wave analysis rather than the quasi-static approximation. The characteristic equation was derived using Galerkin's method applied in the Fourier transform domain. The accuracy of the method has been proven by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data. Numerical data have been provided for the microstrip resonators with different structural parameters. Finally, the results for microstrip resonators have been used for predicting the end effect at the open end of microstrip structures.
176 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of the input impedance and an approximate equivalent circuit for the Y-junction circulator is presented, which shows the relationship between Bosma's equivalent circuit and that of Fay and Comstock.
Abstract: Octave bandwidth operation of Y-junction stripline and microstrip circulators is predicted using Bosma's Green's function analysis. The width of the coupling transmission lines is found to be a significant design parameter. Theoretical and experimental results are presented which show that wide lines and a smaller than usual disk radius can be used to obtain wide-band operation. A microstrip circulator is reported which operates from 7-15 GHz. Also presented are an analysis of the input impedance and an approximate equivalent circuit for the Y-junction circulator which shows the relationship between Bosma's equivalent circuit and that of Fay and Comstock.
162 citations
12 Jun 1974
TL;DR: The characteristics of integrated fine line, a low-loss transmission line which is compatible with batch-processing techniques and superior to microstrip in several respects at millimeter wavelengths are reviewed.
Abstract: This paper reviews the characteristics of integrated fine line, a low-loss transmission line which is compatible with batch-processing techniques and superior to microstrip in several respects at millimeter wavelengths. Relative to microstrip, fin-line can provide less stringent tolerances, greater freedom from radiation and higher mode propagation, better compatibiliy with hybrid devices, and simpler interfaces with waveguide instrumentation. Examples of solid-state and passive components are presented which illustrate the potential of integrated fin-line at millimeter wavelengths. The examples include a p-i-n attenuator which has demonstrated the capability of constructing low-loss semiconductor mounts in fin-line. A four-pole bandpass filter, which performs in close agreement with theory, is also discussed.
159 citations
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In this article, the boundary value problem associated with the shielded inicrostrip-liie structure is formulated in terms of a rigorous hybrid-mode representation, and the resulting equations are subsequently transformed, via the application of Galerkink method in the spectral domain, to yield a characteristic equation for the dispersion properties of shielded microstrip lines.
Abstract: The boundary value problem associated with the shielded inicrostrip-liie structure is formulated in terms of a rigorous hybrid-mode representation. The resulting equations are subsequently transformed, via the application of Galerkink method in the spectral domain, to yield a characteristic equation for the dispersion properties of shielded microstrip lines. Among the ad- vantages of the method are its simplicity and rapid convergence. Numerical results are included for several d~erent structural parameters. These are compared" with other available data and with some experimental results.
157 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the boundary value problem associated with the shielded microstripline structure is formulated in terms of a rigorous hybrid-mode representation, and the resulting equations are subsequently transformed, via the application of Galerkin's method in the spectral domain, to yield a characteristic equation for the dispersion properties of shielded microstrip lines.
Abstract: The boundary value problem associated with the shielded microstripline structure is formulated in terms of a rigorous hybrid-mode representation. The resulting equations are subsequently transformed, via the application of Galerkin's method in the spectral domain, to yield a characteristic equation for the dispersion properties of shielded microstrip lines. Among the advantages of the method are its simplicity and rapid convergence. Numerical results are included for several different structural parameters. These are compared with other available data and with some experimental results.
131 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the development of two microwave integrated circuit (MIC) broadband, high-performance directional couplers with dielectric overlays, and the respective nominal coupling values of these components are 6 and 10 dB with useful bandwidths in excess of 3.4:1.
Abstract: This paper presents the development of two microwave integrated circuit (MIC) broad-band, high-performance directional couplers with dielectric overlays. The respective nominal coupling values of these components are 6 and 10 dB with useful bandwidths in excess of 3.4:1. Thorough descriptions of the design procedure, performance, and fabrication techniques are presented in sufficient detail to permit duplication of these couplers. The computer-aided design method used to develop these couplers is modeled to treat parallel-coupled microstrip lines with a dielectric overlay and is also suitable for developing directional filters and Schiffman phase shifters of similar construction. This and other design methods available for developing dielectric-overlay couplers are reviewed with particular attention given to related technological areas that warrant further investigation.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new design theory is presented based on a sparse capacitance matrix for the array of coupled lines that constitute the filter, as opposed to a sparse-inductance-matrix assumption in previous theories that is much harder to satisfy.
Abstract: Hairpin-line and hybrid hairpin-line/half-wave parallel-coupled-line filters are preferred filters for microstrip and TEM printed-circuit realizations. This class of filters offers small size and, in general, needs no ground connections for resonators. A new design theory is presented that is based on a sparse capacitance matrix for the array of coupled lines that constitute the filter, as opposed to a sparse-inductance-matrix assumption in previous theories that is much harder to satisfy. It is shown that to a good approximation, hairpin-line filters result from frequency-scaling half-wave parallel-coupled-line filters. Because of this; the bandwidth can be accurately predicted. Design procedures are given for Type-A filters, which are useful up to 20-percent bandwidth. A variety of hybrid hairpin-line/half-wave parallel-coupled-line filters is possible, and their design is explained. Numerical results for a number of designs and experimental results for a 5-percent bandwidth filter are included.
01 Oct 1974
TL;DR: In this article, a waveguide-microstrip transition is described for the telecommunication band (17.7 - 19.7 GHz) with a VSWR less than 1.1 and attenuation less than 0.25dB.
Abstract: A new waveguide-microstrip transition is described. This design provides wide-band performance (18-26GHz) and a very good reproducibility without the need for variable elements. The circuit is fully integrated on the substrate and the characteristics are much less sensitive to small variations in the dimensions than other known transitions. A narrow-band version is made in particular for the telecommunication band (17.7 - 19.7GHz) with a VSWR less than 1.1 and an attenuation less than 0.25dB. The design can be easily scaled to other frequencies and is in particular useful at frequencies above 10GHz.
12 Jun 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a spatially periodic medium for microwave propagation is analyzed theoretically, with rigorous consideration of its partial dielectric composition, symmetry properties, and field configuration relating to its use for electron-wave interaction in a crossed-field amplifier (CFA).
Abstract: A structure which is important as an example of a spatially periodic medium for microwave propagation is analyzed theoretically, with rigorous consideration of its partial dielectric composition, symmetry properties; and field configuration relating to its use for electron-wave interaction in a crossed-field amplifier (CFA). The analysis is carried out in a quasi-TEM approximation, leading to determination of a complex potential function within the unit cell and the associated normal-mode parameters: effective dielectric constant, phase velocity, and characteristic impedance, as functions of phase per cell and mode symmetry. With imposition of meander-line boundary conditions, solutions of the characteristic equation for the dispersion law of the structure are computed, including the influence of the inhomogeneous dielectric-vacuum construction of microstrip. Agreement with the observed phase and stopband features of a representative structure is very good. Power distribution and group velocity are calculated, and an interaction impedance, representing the coupling between the RF field and an electron beam for estimation of CFA performance is also calculated. The method lends itself to detailed computations, including the effects of structural features of practical slow-wave circuits.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of estimating quasi-static discontinuity inductances in microstrip lines is outlined and numerical results for symmetric right-angle bends are presented and compare well with experimental results.
Abstract: A method of estimating quasi-static discontinuity inductances in microstrip lines is outlined. Numerical results for symmetric right-angle bends are presented and compare well with experimental results.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method used to treat covered microstrip is extended to multilayer microstrip, where series expansion and term-by-term integration are used to obtain a closed form expression for the Green's function.
Abstract: A method used to treat covered microstrip is extended to multilayer microstrip. Detailed results are obtained for the general three-layer problem. Series expansion and term-by-term integration are used to obtain a closed form expression for the Green's function. Matrix methods are then used to obtain the characteristic impedance. Data obtained agree closely with experiment.
TL;DR: In this paper, a general approach for deriving quasi-static equivalent circuits for discontinuities in microstrip lines is presented, based upon Galerkin's method applied in the Fourier transform domain.
Abstract: A general approach for deriving quasi-static equivalent circuits for discontinuities in microstrip lines is presented. The formulation is based upon Galerkin's method applied in the Fourier transform domain. Numerical results are presented for a number of different configurations and compared with data available from other sources.
TL;DR: In this paper, the design and performance of two microstrip semiconductor phase shifters operating at S band and UHF are described, and the characteristics of two new microwave semiconductor switching devices, the field effect diode (FED) and the resistive gate switch are described.
Abstract: The design and performance of two microstrip semiconductor phase shifters operating at S band and UHF are described. The S-band diode phase shifter uses thick-film metallization on a 99.5-percent alumina substrate and uses series coupled diodes for the small bits and constant phase frequency switched life bits for the three large bits. The 4-bit UHF phase shifter uses eight p-i-n diodes mounted in a low dielectric constant microstrip circuit and operates at a power level of 8 kW peak, 240 W average, and has an average insertion loss of 0.7 dB. Phase and VSWR distributions on 800 units produced are also given. The characteristics of two new microwave semiconductor switching devices, the field-effect diode (FED) and the resistive gate switch are described. These devices operate with only a voltage change. Design and performance of an SP2T switch and 3-bit phase shifter using the field-effect diode are presented.
01 Oct 1974
TL;DR: In this article, a method has been developed for precise non-destructive measurement of the dielectric constant and losses of slab-like samples, such as microstrip substrates for instance.
Abstract: A method has been developed for a precise non-destructive measurement of the dielectric constant and losses of slab-like samples, such as microstrip substrates for instance. The test setup basically consists of an open-ended rectangular waveguide whose flange is placed in contact with one side of the dielectric material, the other one being backed by a metal plate. The measured amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficient with respect to a short-circuit in the aperture plane are related to the real and imaginary parts of the permittivity by means of computer generated charts.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that a log-periodic monopole array with a meander-line feeder may be expected to exhibit high values of voltage standing-wave ratio.
Abstract: It is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that a log-periodic monopole array with a meander-line feeder may be expected to exhibit high values of voltage standing-wave ratio. Improved match can be obtained by allowing the impedance of the feeder to go to a higher value near each monopole. A good match to 50 \Omega is achieved in this way.
01 Jan 1974
Patent•
19 Jul 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a tuning member is threaded in a hole through the carrier of the microstrip transmission line with the metallization removed from the ground plane of the transmission line immediately above the hole.
Abstract: Two embodiments are disclosed to tune microstrip transmission lines. One embodiment includes a stub strip conductor disposed on the microstrip transmission line substrate at right angles with respect to and spaced from the strip conductor of the microstrip transmission line and a tuning member at right angles to the substrate disposed over the gap between the stub strip conductor and the strip conductor. When the distance of the tuning member above the substrate is varied the shunt impedance of the microstrip transmission is varied. The other embodiment includes a tuning member threaded in a hole through the carrier of the microstrip transmission line with the metallization removed from the ground plane of the microstrip transmission line immediately above the hole. The inward and outward movement of the tuning member provides a variable series impedance for the microstrip transmission line.
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirically derived design-oriented model describing the dominant parasitic reactance associated with a microstrip impedance discontinuity at X-band frequencies is described, and a description is also given of a number of commercially available coaxial-to-microstrip launchers.
Abstract: Experimental results obtained indicate that an excess phase shift is the most pronounced high-frequency parasitic effect resulting from a microstrip quarter-wave transformer impedance discontinuity. An empirically derived design-oriented model describing the dominant parasitic reactance associated with a microstrip impedance discontinuity at X-band frequencies is described. A description is also given of the dominant parasitic reactance associated with a number of commercially available coaxial-to-microstrip launchers.
TL;DR: In this article, a non-destructive method for measuring the dielectric constant and the loss factor of a slab-type material using a microstrip cavity was developed, which uses a simple and rapid substitution procedure, yields accurate results and has several advantages over currently available techniques.
Abstract: A new nondestructive method has been developed for measuring the dielectric constant and the loss factor of a slab-type material using a microstrip cavity. The method, which uses a simple and rapid substitution procedure, yields accurate results and has a number of advantages over currently available techniques. Experimental details and the theoretical basis are explained and experimental data are presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, an unmetallised piece of the substrate material is cemented on top of the microstrip structure to improve the directivity of side-coupled microstrip couplers.
Abstract: The letter describes a simple method for improving the directivity of side-coupled microstrip couplers an unmetallised piece of the substrate material is cemented on top of the microstrip structure. The measured directivity ranges from 30 to 40 dB. The couplers are fully compatible with normal microstrip techniques.
TL;DR: In this article, the small-signal transmission line properties of Schottky contact lines with Al-and Au-Schottky contacts on n-type silicon are investigated.
Abstract: Schottky contact lines are a type of microstrip on semiconducting substrata. The strip forms a rectifying metal-semiconductor interface, the Schottky contact. Schottky contact lines show interesting small-signal and large-signal properties, so far unknown in microwave IC-technology, due to the voltage-dependent capacitance per unit length. In this paper the small-signal transmission line properties are investigated. Formulas for the characteristic impedance and the propagation constant are given. Particular account is taken of the effect of varying external d.c. bias. measurements performed on microstrip lines with Al- and Au-Schottky contacts on n -type silicon are given.
TL;DR: A general circuit model resembling a combline-type structure is developed using the concept ofSelf and mutual node admittances rather than self and mutual capacitances per unit length to provide easy adaptability to computer sided design.
Abstract: A general circuit model resembling a combline-type structure is developed using the concept of self and mutual node admittances rather than self and mutual capacitances per unit length. The merit of this approach lies in the relative simplicity of design formulas readily applicable to filters utilizing microstrip or stripline construction. It also offers easy adaptability to computer sided design. Equations are derived relating even-odd mode impedances and transmission line lengths to prototype elements and other design parameters.
Patent•
14 Aug 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, an individual heat sink for a solid state element such as a diode encased in a standard package of the type in which one of the diode terminals is a conductive cap and the other is conductive threaded stud concentric with the cap and of smaller diameter is used with microwave striplines.
Abstract: An individual heat sink for a solid state element such as a diode encased in a standard package of the type in which one of the diode terminals is a conductive cap and the other a conductive threaded stud concentric with the cap and of smaller diameter, such as used with microwave striplines. The heat sink body is in the form of a hollow externally threaded cylinder with end closures forming a cavity through which a liquid coolant may be circulated. One end closure is in the form of a truncated cone which is drilled and tapped to receive the threaded stud of the diode package. A holder attached beneath the stripline structure has an opening threaded to receive the externally threaded heat sink body, whereby the position of the body relative to stripline ground plane may be adjusted. The diode package is screwed into the heat sink body through a hole in the stripline structure, compressing the stripline structure between the diode package cap and the heat sink body to provide good electrical contact between the stripline and the diode terminals.
TL;DR: In this paper, a 4-bit p-i-n diode switched-line phase shifter was fabricated for use in the 2.0-to 4.0 GHz frequency range.
Abstract: A 4-bit p-i-n diode switched-line phase shifter was fabricated for use in the 2.0- to 4.0-GHZ frequency range. Extremely good phase characteristics were easily obtained over two octaves by employing a resistive loading technique to eliminate resonance problems. A single bit was modeled and analyzed on a computer from 1.5 to 6.0 GHz. Test results of a microstrip realization of this bit, which correlates well with the computer model, are presented. A unique compatible driver used with the phase shifter, and the microstrip fabrication process used in constructing the phase shifter are also presented.
Patent•
23 Dec 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a phase shifter and a radiating element are installed in a microstrip configuration on one side of a common substrate, and at least one of the radiating elements is constructed from ground plane metallization on the other side of the substrate.
Abstract: A substantially two-dimensional integrated phase shifter and radiator module wherein a plurality of phase shifting elements are deposited in microstrip configuration on one side of a common substrate, and at least one radiating element is constructed from ground plane metallization on the other side of the substrate. Electrical coupling between the output of the phase shifter and the radiator is accomplished by means of a pin interconnect which extends vertically through the substrate. The phase shifting elements are serially connected and positioned in predetermined patterns on the substrate so as to maximize circuit density, without any adverse electrical interaction with the radiator. Additionally, the serially connected phase shifting elements are each connected to individually receive a separate DC control voltage in order that varying degrees of phase shift may be introduced into microwave signals which are coaxially fed into the input terminal of the phase shifting circuitry.
01 Oct 1974
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of computing the dispersion characteristics of shielded microstrip lines is studied using Galerkin's method employed in the Fourier transform domain, and numerical results are compared with other available data and experimental measurements.
Abstract: The problem of computing the dispersion characteristics of shielded microstrip lines is studied using Galerkin's method employed in the Fourier transform domain. Numerical results are compared with other available data and experimental measurements. The dispersion characteristics computed in this paper are also shown to be useful for predicting the end effects of a finite section of microstrip line. Some advantages of the method include simplicity and rapid convergence.