Showing papers on "Microstrip published in 2015"

Circularly Polarized Antennas

Abstract: This chapter is focused on circularly polarized antennas. Key definitions and governing equations of circular polarization are given. Infinitesimal dipole sources are considered to establish circularly polarized radiation. First, radiation patterns of cross dipoles are mathematically reviewed, from which the condition of circularly polarized waves is concluded. Later, the idea is extended to four displaced sequentially rotated dipole antennas, resulting in circularly polarized waves within a wide angular range in space. The extension of the concept to the magnetic source counterparts and Huygens sources is briefly discussed. Other than point sources, also known as one-dimensional current sources, sources of circularly polarized radiation are further investigated for two-dimensional cases, such as microstrip patch antennas, and threedimensional structures, such as volumetric current sources existing in dielectric resonator antennas. For these cases, the creation of circularly polarized radiation using single-feed and dual-feed, perturbed structures and sequentially rotated method is described. As a design example, numerical andmeasurement results of circularly polarized square patch ring antennas are extensively discussed and presented in this chapter. The square-ring microstrip antenna is selected as it closely approximates the sequentially rotated currents, and also it has not been widely studied in the literature.

Design and Modeling of Spoof Surface Plasmon Modes-Based Microwave Slow-Wave Transmission Line

Abstract: This paper presents a theoretical model and validates experimentally the microwave slow-wave transmission line (SW-TL) based on spoof surface plasmon (SSP) modes Equivalent circuit models are first presented for characterizing the SSP structures and developed to serve as an insightful guideline to design the SW-TL at a given cutoff frequency and Bloch impedance A mode converter connecting a conventional microstrip transmission line to the SW-TL is necessarily proposed to ensure that the quasi-TEM modes of the microstrip line are gradually transformed to the operating TM modes of the SW-TL The presented schematic of SW-TL paves a promising avenue for the unprecedented interconnector footprint miniaturization of integrated circuits, and the enhanced electromagnetic compatibility, for example, in multilayered monolithic microwave integrated circuits

Design and Application of the CSRR-Based Planar Sensor for Noninvasive Measurement of Complex Permittivity

Abstract: A novel microwave noninvasive planar sensor based on the complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is proposed for an accurate measurement of the complex permittivity of materials. The CSRR is etched in the ground plane of the planar microstrip line. Two CSRRs of rectangular and circular cross-sections are chosen for the sensitivity analysis, where the later is found to possess higher sensitivity and hence appears to be more appropriate for the sensor design. At resonance, the electric field induced along the plane of CSRR is found to be quite sensitive for the characterization of specimen kept in contact with the sensor. A numerical model is developed here for the calculation of the complex permittivity as a function of resonant frequency and the quality factor data using the electromagnetic simulator, the Computer Simulation Technology. For practical applications, a detailed air gap analysis is carried out to consider the effect of any air gap present between the test sample and the CSRR. The designed sensor is fabricated and tested, and accordingly the numerically established relations are experimentally verified for various reference samples e.g., teflon, polyvinyl chloride, plexiglas, polyethylene, rubber, and wood. Experimentally, it is found that the permittivity measurement using the proposed sensor is possible with a typical error of 3%.

Miniaturized Double-Layer EBG Structures for Broadband Mutual Coupling Reduction Between UWB Monopoles

Abstract: Novel miniaturized two-layer electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures are presented for reducing the electromagnetic coupling between closely spaced ultra wideband (UWB) planar monopoles on a common ground. The proposed EBG structures employ two closely coupled arrays, one comprising linear conducting patches and the other comprising apertures (slits) in the ground plane. The two arrays are printed on either side of a very thin dielectric layer ( $\bf{55}\;\upmu\mathrm{m}$ ) with a rotation between the elements to produce maximum coupling for miniaturizing. A microstrip line excitation is initially used for the efficient analysis and design of the slit–patch EBG structures, which are subsequently employed between two UWB printed monopoles. The proposed EBG structure has a small footprint and produces a significant reduction of the mutual coupling across the wide operating band of the UWB antennas. Simulated results and measurements of fabricated prototypes are presented.

Dynamic metamaterial aperture for microwave imaging

Abstract: We present a dynamic metamaterial aperture for use in computational imaging schemes at microwave frequencies. The aperture consists of an array of complementary, resonant metamaterial elements patterned into the upper conductor of a microstrip line. Each metamaterial element contains two diodes connected to an external control circuit such that the resonance of the metamaterial element can be damped by application of a bias voltage. Through applying different voltages to the control circuit, select subsets of the elements can be switched on to create unique radiation patterns that illuminate the scene. Spatial information of an imaging domain can thus be encoded onto this set of radiation patterns, or measurements, which can be processed to reconstruct the targets in the scene using compressive sensing algorithms. We discuss the design and operation of a metamaterial imaging system and demonstrate reconstructed images with a 10:1 compression ratio. Dynamic metamaterial apertures can potentially be of benefit in microwave or millimeter wave systems such as those used in security screening and through-wall imaging. In addition, feature-specific or adaptive imaging can be facilitated through the use of the dynamic aperture.

Rapid Yield Estimation and Optimization of Microwave Structures Exploiting Feature-Based Statistical Analysis

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a simple, yet reliable methodology to expedite yield estimation and optimization of microwave structures. In our approach, the analysis of the entire response of the structure at hand (e.g., $S$ -parameters as a function of frequency) is replaced by response surface modeling of suitably selected feature points. On the one hand, this is sufficient to determine whether a design satisfies given performance specifications. On the other, by exploiting the almost linear dependence of the feature points on the designable parameters of the structure, reliable yield estimates can be realized at low computational cost. Our methodology is verified using two examples of waveguide filters and one microstrip hairpin filter and compared with conventional Monte Carlo analysis based on repetitive electromagnetic simulations, as well as with statistical analysis exploiting linear response expansions around the nominal design. Finally, we perform yield-driven design optimizations on these filters.

Co -planar waveguide feed broadband circular polarization microstrip antenna

Abstract: The utility model provides a co -planar waveguide feed broadband circular polarization microstrip antenna, including medium base plate, L type floor, L type ground connection microstrip strip and Y type microstrip feeder, the lower extreme of Y type microstrip feeder extends to the lower limb department formation feed end of medium base plate, be provided with the harmonious microstrip strip of rectangle on the lower extreme right side of Y type microstrip feeder, lower extreme right side at Y type microstrip feeder is equipped with the rectangle floor, the feed end is between L type floor and rectangle floor, be connected with the ground joint line between L type floor and rectangle floor, and at the left side of medium base plate edge, the upside is marginal and right side edge all is equipped with folding section, the both ends of L type ground connection microstrip strip are the both sides edge of perpendicular to place apex angle department respectively, and the folding section at left side edge is in the L in upper left corner type ground connection microstrip strip, and the folding section of right side edge is in the L in lower right corner type ground connection microstrip strip. This microstrip antenna is ensureing to possess less volume under the condition of bandwidth, and market perspective is better.

A Dual-Band Coupled Resonator Decoupling Network for Two Coupled Antennas

Abstract: A new decoupling scheme called dual-band coupled resonator decoupling network (CRDN) is presented. By properly designing the coupling coefficients between two pairs of coupled resonators, the network can effectively reduce the mutual couplings between two coupled dual-band antennas in two bands simultaneously. The new scheme is proved by a practical microstrip version of the device for two dual-band antennas working at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz frequency bands. A compact planar dual-band CRDN consisting of a pair of dual-band open-loop square ring resonators is proposed. The measured scattering parameters of two coupled antennas with and without the dual-band CRDN in free space (FS) and with hand phantom demonstrate that the isolation between the two antennas in both the low and high bands can be improved from 8 to 10 dB, respectively, to below 20 dB while maintaining a good matching performance. The total efficiency and envelop correlation coefficient for the decoupled antennas show a significant improvement as compared to the coupled antenna case. The proposed dual-band CRDN scheme is easy to be implemented in an integrated device, and is very attractive for practical multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) applications.

Broadband Microwave Attenuator Based on Few Layer Graphene Flakes

Abstract: This paper presents the design and fabrication of a broadband microstrip attenuator, operating at 1–20 GHz, based on few layer graphene flakes. The RF performance of the attenuator has been analyzed in depth. In particular, the use of graphene as a variable resistor is discussed and experimentally characterized at microwave frequencies. The structure of the graphene-based attenuator integrates a micrometric layer of graphene flakes deposited on an air gap in a microstrip line. As highlighted in the experiments, the graphene film can range from being a discrete conductor to a highly resistive material, depending on the externally applied voltage. As experimental evidence, it is verified that the application of a proper voltage through two bias tees changes the surface resistivity of graphene, and induces a significant change of insertion loss of the microstrip attenuator.

Single/multi-band Wilkinson-type power dividers with embedded transversal filtering sections and application to channelized filters

Abstract: This paper addresses the exploitation of signal-interference concepts for the realization of single/multi-frequency Wilkinson-type filtering power dividers in planar/lumped-element technologies. By embedding transversal signal-interference filtering sections into the arms of conventional Wilkinson-type power-divider topologies, RF/microwave power-distribution actions with intrinsic mono/multi-band bandpass filtering capabilities can be obtained. Analytical equations and rules for the theoretical synthesis of this dual-function device are derived. The generalization of the approach to multi-stage schemes for enhanced-performance designs or for the shaping of frequency-asymmetrical responses is also discussed. Furthermore, for practical demonstration, three prototypes are developed and characterized. They are a microstrip quad-band circuit for the 1–5 GHz range, a dual-band lumped-element device for the band of 0.2–0.6 GHz, and a new type of two-branch channelized active bandpass filter at 3 GHz that makes use of single-band versions of this dual-behavior component as signal-division/combination blocks.

A Balanced-to-Unbalanced Microstrip Power Divider With Filtering Function

Abstract: In this paper, a balanced-to-unbalanced microstrip power divider based on branch lines with several stubs and one resistor is proposed. The functions of power dividing, frequency selectivity, isolation between output ports, and common-mode suppression can be realized at the same time. The even–odd-mode equivalent circuits combining with the standard S-parameters and the mixed-mode S-parameters are adopted to derive the analytical equations at the center frequency. One or two transmission zeros can be achieved to enhance the out-of-band suppression. The center frequency, bandwidth, isolation, common-mode suppression, and the frequencies of transmission zeros can be controlled by the design procedure. To verify the theoretical prediction, two fabricated prototypes are designed and compared. One gets 7.7% 1-dB bandwidth with 0.6-dB insertion loss and one transmission zero. The other gets 1-dB bandwidth of 5% with 0.7-dB insertion loss and two transmission zeros. The isolation and common-mode suppression for both prototypes are better than 15 and 20 dB within the whole passband, respectively.

The Proper Balance: Overview of Microstrip Wideband Balance Circuits with Wideband Common Mode Suppression

Abstract: With the development of wireless communication technology, radiofrequency (RF) circuits and integrated circuits are becoming more complex and packing more functionality and signals into an ever closer space, with a high level of electromagnetic interaction between circuit nodes and interference/crosstalk from substrate coupling and free space [1]. Balanced/differential circuit technology has become more important in modern communication systems because of good commonmode rejection that leads to relatively high immunity to environmental noise when compared with the single-ended technology [1]-[3], as shown in Figure 1(a) and (b). For balanced circuits, the differential mode should have excellent out-of-band rejection and high selectivity for the desired frequency band, while the common mode should be suppressed over a wider frequency band. In the past few years, many microstrip balanced filters for single band and dual band with common-mode suppression have been realized [4]-[10], with different balanced networks, balanced driven antennas, balanced amplifiers, and mixers [11]-[18].

A Miniaturized Antenna with Negative Index Metamaterial Based on Modified SRR and CLS Unit Cell for UWB Microwave Imaging Applications.

Abstract: A miniaturized antenna employing a negative index metamaterial with modified split-ring resonator (SRR) and capacitance-loaded strip (CLS) unit cells is presented for Ultra wideband (UWB) microwave imaging applications. Four left-handed (LH) metamaterial (MTM) unit cells are located along one axis of the antenna as the radiating element. Each left-handed metamaterial unit cell combines a modified split-ring resonator (SRR) with a capacitance-loaded strip (CLS) to obtain a design architecture that simultaneously exhibits both negative permittivity and negative permeability, which ensures a stable negative refractive index to improve the antenna performance for microwave imaging. The antenna structure, with dimension of 16 × 21 × 1.6 mm³, is printed on a low dielectric FR4 material with a slotted ground plane and a microstrip feed. The measured reflection coefficient demonstrates that this antenna attains 114.5% bandwidth covering the frequency band of 3.4-12.5 GHz for a voltage standing wave ratio of less than 2 with a maximum gain of 5.16 dBi at 10.15 GHz. There is a stable harmony between the simulated and measured results that indicate improved nearly omni-directional radiation characteristics within the operational frequency band. The stable surface current distribution, negative refractive index characteristic, considerable gain and radiation properties make this proposed negative index metamaterial antenna optimal for UWB microwave imaging applications.

Reconfigurable Multi-Band Microwave Filters

Abstract: An original and simple approach to the design of fully reconfigurable multi-band microwave bandpass filters (BPFs) with an arbitrary number of passbands is reported in this paper. It exploits the use of an innovative quasi-BPF configuration made up of different sets of controllable mono-frequency resonators to separately shape each tunable passband. Thus, high-selectivity multi-band bandpass filtering transfer functions exhibiting independent control in terms of center frequency, bandwidth, and transmission zeros can be synthesized. Furthermore, as an unprecedented frequency-agility feature of the proposed reconfigurable multi-band BPF structure when compared to the state-of-the-art, its passbands can be merged together to form broader, and for certain realizations, higher order transmission bands. This allows even more degrees of reconfiguration to be achieved in the devised circuit, which can also operate as ultra-wideband BPF with flexible in-band notches or self-equalized flat-group-delay quasi-elliptic-type BPF. The theoretical foundations of the described reconfigurable multi-band BPF scheme, along with guidelines for its design and a triple-passband filter synthesis example based on the coupled-node formalism, are expounded. In addition, as an experimental proof-of-concept, two microstrip prototypes with high- $Q$ tuning implemented through mechanically variable capacitors are manufactured and tested. They are a wideband dual-band BPF and a quadruple-band BPF with narrow-bandwidth passbands.

Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array Using an Efficient Decoupling Network

Abstract: The active impedance of each element in a phased array changes substantially with scan angle due to mutual coupling. Therefore, a key challenge in the design of wide-angle scanning phased array is to achieve wide-angle impedance matching (WAIM). In this communication, an efficient decoupling network is developed to reduce the mutual coupling between adjacent elements for this purpose. A complete scattering matrix analysis of the decoupling network is given and the design procedure is summarized. A ${1} \times {16}$ linear microstrip phased array has been designed and fabricated for experimental verification. Good agreement is obtained between measured and simulated results. The measured mutual coupling between adjacent elements is reduced to lower than $- {35}\; \text{dB}$ at the center frequency. Due to the reduced mutual coupling, the array can experimentally scan to 66° with a gain reduction of only 3.04 dB.

Periodic U-Slot-Loaded Dual-Band Half-Width Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antennas for Forward and Backward Beam Scanning

Abstract: Half-width microstrip leaky-wave antennas (HW-MLWAs) are generally single band. Here, we present a new method to achieve dual-band operation from an HW-MLWA by periodically loading the antenna with U-shaped slots. These dual-band MLWAs are able to steer the beam in forward directions in one band and in backward directions in the other band. One of the antenna designs was prototyped and tested, and excellent agreement between the predicted and measured results were observed. The measured 10-dB return loss bandwidth of the first and second bands are $19.5 \% $ (5.24–6.37 GHz) and $13.2 \% $ (7.9–9.02 GHz), respectively. The antenna can steer the main beam from $30^\circ $ to $65^\circ $ in the first band and from $-46^\circ $ to $-10^\circ$ in the second band by sweeping the frequency from 5.25 to 6.25 GHz and 7.75 to 9 GHz, respectively. The measured peak gain of the antenna is 12.2 and 14.1 dBi in the first and second bands, respectively. Although the antenna parameters are optimized for dual-band operation, the radiation properties in another higher frequency band (third band) are also explored. In the third band, the antenna beam continuously scans from backward to forward direction as frequency increases. Moreover, this U-slot loaded single-layer half-width LWA is easy to fabricate.

An SIW Resonator Sensor for Liquid Permittivity Measurements at C Band

Abstract: This letter presents a novel substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator sensor that is specifically designed to measure the complex permittivity of liquids. The resonant characteristics of the sensor are influenced by liquids through a slot opened on the top plane. The inverse problem of obtaining permittivity is solved with artificial neural network. Experiments were performed with an SIW resonator sensor designed at C band. Experimental data were reported and they agreed well to the reference values. The sensor is simple and low cost, which may be applied to permittivity measurements in applications at the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) frequencies.

Circularly polarized microwaves for magnetic resonance study in the GHz range: Application to nitrogen-vacancy in diamonds

Abstract: The ability to create time-dependent magnetic fields of controlled polarization is essential for many experiments with magnetic resonance. We describe a microstrip circuit that allows us to generate strong magnetic field at microwave frequencies with arbitrary adjusted polarization. The circuit performance is demonstrated by applying it to an optically detected magnetic resonance and Rabi nutation experiments in nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond. Thanks to high efficiency of the proposed microstrip circuit and degree of circular polarization of 85%; it is possible to address the specific spin states of a diamond sample using a low power microwave generator. The circuit may be applied to a wide range of magnetic resonance experiments with a well-controlled polarization of microwaves.

Low RCS Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Frequency-Selective Surface and Microstrip Resonator

Abstract: A low radar cross section (RCS) microstrip antenna is proposed and investigated in this letter. This design is based on implementation of frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs) and microstrip resonators. By using the FSS ground instead of the solid metal ground, out-of-band RCS reduction can be realized. Moreover, in-band RCS reduction can be obtained by loading microstrip resonators. Significant RCS reduction has been accomplished in the frequency ranges of 3-10 GHz. Compared with the reference antenna, the simulation results show that RCS reduction of the proposed antenna in and out of the operation band is as much as 13 and 17 dB, respectively. Measured results satisfactorily agree with the simulated ones. Radiation performance of the proposed antenna is preserved compared with the reference antenna.

Inductance of Circuit Structures for MIT LL Superconductor Electronics Fabrication Process With 8 Niobium Layers

Abstract: Inductance of superconducting thin-film inductors and structures with linewidth down to 250 nm has been experimentally evaluated. The inductors include various striplines and microstrips, their 90° bends and meanders, interlayer vias, etc., typically used in superconducting digital circuits. The circuits have been fabricated by a fully planarized process with 8 niobium layers, developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory for very-large-scale superconducting integrated circuits. Excellent run-to-run reproducibility and inductance uniformity of better than 1% across 200-mm wafers have been found. It has been found that the inductance per unit length of stripline and microstrip line inductors continues to grow as the inductor linewidth is reduced deep into the submicron range to the widths comparable to the film thickness and magnetic field penetration depth. It is shown that the linewidth reduction does not lead to widening of the parameter spread due to diminishing sensitivity of the inductance to the linewidth and dielectric thickness. The experimental results were compared with numeric inductance extraction using commercial software and freeware, and a good agreement was found for 3-D inductance extractors. Methods of further miniaturization of circuit inductors for achieving circuit densities> 10 6 Josephson junctions per cm 2 are discussed.

Proximity-Coupled Multiband Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Applications

Abstract: This letter presents a new design of a multiband microstrip antenna with a proximity-coupled feed for operating in the LTE2300 (2300–2400 MHz), Bluetooth (2400–2485 MHz), WiMAX (3.3–3.7 GHz), and WLAN (5.15–5.35 GHz, 5.725–5.825 GHz) bands. In addition, it also covers 6-dB impedance bandwidth across the UMTS (1920–2170 MHz) band. The proposed antenna consists of a corner-truncated rectangular patch with a rectangular slot, meandered microstrip feed, and defected ground plane. The antenna is fabricated using 0.8-mm-thick FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and has a small size of only $27\times 24~\hbox{mm}^{2}$ . The antenna shows a stable gain over the operating bands and good radiation characteristics. The simulated and measured results are shown to have good agreements.

Broadband Microstrip Reflectarray With Five Parallel Dipole Elements

Abstract: A broadband microstrip reflectarray with five parallel dipole elements is proposed. Based on the operating mechanisms and the reflection phase characteristics of the five-dipole elements, the elements for the broadband reflectarray are designed. The radiation patterns of the five-dipole element reflectarray with the design frequency of ${f_0} = 15~\hbox{GHz}$ are measured, and 1-dB gain bandwidth of 33.52% is achieved. The measured peak gain at ${f_0} = 15~\hbox{GHz}$ is 31.4 dBi, which corresponds to the high aperture efficiency of 64.1%.

Compact metamaterial antenna for UWB applications

Abstract: A compact antenna is proposed using planar-patterned metamaterial structures for ultra-wideband applications. This antenna consists of four metamaterial unit cells that simultaneously show both negative permeability and negative permittivity on the triangular patch and three rectangular slots on the partial ground plane fed with a microstrip line. It has a wide bandwidth from 3.07 to 19.91 GHz for voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) <2 and an average gain of 5.62 dBi with a peak of 8.57 dBi because of using planar-patterned metamaterial structures. Good agreement between computations and experiments is realised convincing that the antenna can operate over a wide bandwidth with planar-patterned metamaterial structures and compact size (0.28λ × 0.19λ × 0.02λ).

Miniature Microwave Notch Filters and Comparators Based on Transmission Lines Loaded with Stepped Impedance Resonators (SIRs).

Abstract: In this paper, different configurations of transmission lines loaded with stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) are reviewed. This includes microstrip lines loaded with pairs of SIRs, and coplanar waveguides (CPW) loaded with multi-section SIRs. Due to the high electric coupling between the line and the resonant elements, the structures are electrically small, i.e., dimensions are small as compared to the wavelength at the fundamental resonance. The circuit models describing these structures are discussed and validated, and the potential applications as notch filters and comparators are highlighted.

Fabrication and Microwave Characterization of 3-D Printed Transmission Lines

Abstract: 3-D printing is enabling next generation manufacturing of RF and microwave circuits but little work has been done to demonstrate the true potential of this approach. This study shows that transmission lines fabricated using 3-D printing equipment are comparable in performance to traditionally-made versions. Basic transmission line parameters such as characteristic impedance, effective dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and conductor loss are modeled and measured for a variety of materials and types of transmission lines at frequencies up to 10 GHz. Data are given for use in future 3-D printed RF designs.

Rectangular Microstrip Antenna on Slot-Type Defected Ground for Reduced Cross-Polarized Radiation

Abstract: A simple rectangular microstrip antenna on slot-type defected ground plane is proposed for reduced cross-polarized (XP) radiation and justified theoretically. This will reduce the XP radiation field compared to a conventional microstrip antenna without affecting its copolarized (CP) radiation characteristics.

A Four-Way Microstrip Filtering Power Divider With Frequency-Dependent Couplings

Abstract: A four-way microstrip power divider is designed with bandpass filtering response The synthesized inline filter has a generalized Chebyshev response, where frequency-dependent couplings are utilized All of the critical parameters, including the characteristic impedances and electrical lengths, can be determined by our derived closed-form formulas By extending the inline filter, the configuration of four-way power divider is obtained Then, three isolation resistors are properly selected according to the even-/odd-mode analysis The proposed four-way filtering power divider has low in-band insertion loss and high frequency selectivity It can provide the in-band return loss and isolation between outputs better than 167 and 175 dB, respectively

Microstrip Diplexer Constructed With New Types of Dual-Mode Ring Filters

Abstract: -A microstrip diplexer consisting of two new types of ring filters is presented in this letter The proposed ring filter is able to move one of transmission zeros closer to its passband corner by connecting the feeding capacitors at the different locations of the resonant ring Thus, a diplexer implemented by connecting two kinds of ring filters with different feeding features can achieve the required isolation for the small channel separation Then an open-stub is added at the common input port of the channel filters to achieve the required input matching at the two passbands of the diplexer A diplexer prototype with two passbands at 175 GHz and 185 GHz with a channel separation 40 MHz was fabricated The measured insertion losses in the pass bands are all less than 21 dB The isolation between the two channels is greater than 20 dB and the input return losses of the three ports are about 20 dB

Complementary split ring resonator arrays for electromagnetic energy harvesting

Abstract: This work demonstrates the viability of Ground-backed Complementary Split-Ring Resonator (G-CSRR) arrays with significant power conversion efficiency and bandwidth enhancement in comparison to the technology used in current electromagnetic energy harvesting systems. Through numerical full-wave analysis, we demonstrated correlation between either the resonance frequency or the input impedance of G-CSRR cells with the periodicity of the array. A comparative study of power harvesting efficiency through numerical analysis and laboratory measurement was presented where an array of G-CSRRs is compared to an array of microstrip patch antennas. We demonstrated that a G-CSRR array yields power conversion efficiency of 92%, which represents a significant improvement in comparison to the single G-CSRR reported in our earlier work.