Showing papers on "Mineral absorption published in 1993"

Effect of a soluble polysaccharide (carboxy methyl cellulose) on the absorption of minerals from the gastrointestinal tract of broilers.

Abstract: 1. The effect of an indigestible soluble polysaccharide (carboxy methyl cellulose: CMC) on the absorption of some macro-elements (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) from different segments of the small intestine of broilers was determined. 2. In semi-synthetic diets 0, 5.0 and 10 g/kg cellulose was replaced by CMC on weight basis. These diets were fed to male broilers from 3 to 5 weeks of age. 3. CMC inclusion reduced the rate of mineral absorption throughout the small intestine. The effect of CMC on sodium absorption was more pronounced than the effects on the absorption of the other minerals. 4. The cumulative absorption of all minerals up to the lower jejunum was reduced by dietary CMC. This negative effect of CMC on the absorption of minerals was alleviated in the lower ileum, except for potassium. 5. The concentrations of sodium and magnesium in the chyme supernatant were clearly decreased, while those of calcium and phosphorus were increased by dietary CMC inclusion. Taking the mineral concentrations in the total chyme into account, the solubilities of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the ileum were increased by dietary CMC. The solubilities of sodium and potassium were not increased. 6. The reduced cumulative absorption of minerals from the gastrointestinal tract with increasing dietary concentrations of CMC, was probably caused by the higher intraluminal viscosities in the small intestine. It is not likely that either the intestinal pH, or the time food was retained in successive gastrointestinal segments, will have affected mineral absorption negatively in any segment.

Use of Drip Irrigation in Orchards

Abstract: The use of drip irrigation in orchards is increasing worldwide. Water shortage, prevention of ground water contamination, and improved production are the main reasons for this increase. The combination of partial wetting of the soil and control of the water penetration depth considerably increases the efficiency of irrigation. Recent technological improvements permit maintenance of a constant volume of irrigated soil in which gradients of soil water matric potentials and mineral concentrations exist from the irrigation point to the margins of the wetted zone. Because water and mineral uptake is a function of soil matric potential and mineral concentration, respectively, optimal uptake rates by certain portions of the root system always exist along these gradients for any given environmental conditions. Gradients of air concentration act similarly and permit maintenance of high water availability without any interference with root aeration. Due to the relative ability of the roots to exchange water, minerals, and, possibly, oxygen, the entire root system functions more efficiently compared to root systems under conventional irrigation methods. Physiological root restriction effects induce the formation of a large number of small roots with frequent branching. Consequently, the relative surface area for water and mineral absorption is increased several-fold, and the increased number of root tips that are known to be involved in production of hormones (such as gibberelins and cytokinins) is significant. Evidence for enhanced fruit bud formation under conditions of root restriction is presented here. Water treatment and filtration technology has improved, and clogging of surface or buried drip systems now can be minimized, which also increases the suitable range of water quality for use in drip systems.

Compositions and goods containing minerals and poly-gamma-glutamic acid

Abstract: A composition according to the present invention contains minerals and degradation products of poly-γ-glutamic acid as a mineral absorption accelerator. Furthermore, the composition may be used in foods in a variety of forms, including a beverage, gel, solid or powder form. The composition according to the present invention significantly accelerates the absorption of minerals.

Physico-chemical chyme conditions and mineral absorption in broilers.

Abstract: In the Netherlands the efficiency of mineral absorption from the gastrointestinal tract of farm animals is a topic of interest to reduce the mineral concentration in animal manure. This study was done with broilers. It was focused on physico-chemical chyme conditions. These conditions were related to the absorption of minerals. Carboxy methyl cellulose was used as a model substance to affect the intestinal viscosities. Retention time parameters, pH and osmolalities were recorded. The site of mineral (Na, K, Ca, P, and Mg) absorption and apparent absorption values up to successive gastrointestinal segments were determined. Effects of the intestinal viscosity were verified using wheat-based broiler diets. Dietary inclusion of carboxy methyl cellulose (up to 1%) increased the intestinal viscosity, the mean retention time and decreased the ileal pH. The absorption of small osmo-active chyme components was reduced, which was reflected in less variable osmolalities as the chyme moved from the proximal small intestine onwards. The main site of mineral absorption is between the duodenum and the lower jejunum. In these segments the absorption is negatively affected by the inclusion of carboxy methyl cellulose in the diet. It was discussed that the intestinal viscosity was the main cause for this reduction in mineral absorption. Negative effects were partially compensated in the ileum. Similar effects were shown in wheat-based diets, but effects were less pronounced.

Mineral absorption promoter composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a mineral absorption promoter containing oligoxylose as the active component which is excellent in the absorption ratio of Ca, P, Mg and Fe and their in vivo holding ratio, and a food containing oligoxylose as the active component and having a mineral absorption promoting activity. CONSTITUTION:A mineral absorption promoter and a food having a mineral absorption promoting activity are prepared. Both the mineral absorption promoter and the food having a mineral absorption promoting activity respectively contain an oligoxylose mixture as the main component which is prepared by treating a natural material such as cotton seed jelly, corncob or birth wood with xylanase in an amount of >=1/2 and they are useful for improving the absorption ratio of Ca, P, Mg and Fe and their in vivo holding ratio.