Showing papers on "Mineral absorption published in 2003"

Influence of vegetable protein sources on trace element and mineral bioavailability.

Abstract: Vegetable protein sources are often mixed with cereals for complementary feeding. Both contain high levels of phytic acid, which can inhibit trace element and mineral absorption. In adults, phytic acid has been reported to inhibit the absorption of iron, zinc, calcium and manganese but not copper. There are far fewer studies in infants. Phytic acid is a strong inhibitor of iron absorption in both infants and adults, but its influence on zinc absorption in infants seems to be modest and perhaps most important in children recovering from infection. The influence of phytic acid on calcium and magnesium absorption would seem of minor importance. Because iron and zinc deficiencies are widespread in infants and young children in developing countries, the bioavailability of iron and zinc from complementary food is a major concern. Iron absorption may be as low as 2-3% from porridge based on whole-grain cereals and legumes (phytic acid approximately 1 g/100 g) even in iron-deficient subjects. Decreasing phytic acid by 90% ( approximately 100 mg/100 g dried product) would be expected to increase absorption about twofold and complete degradation perhaps fivefold or more. More modest reductions in phytic acid content may not usefully improve iron absorption. Complete enzymatic degradation of phytic acid is recommended. If this is not possible, it is recommended that the molar ratio of phytic acid to iron in an iron-fortified food be <1, preferably <0.5. At these low levels of phytic acid (20-30 mg/100 g dried product), zinc absorption should be satisfactory.

Effects of inulin-type fructans of different chain length and type of branching on intestinal absorption and balance of calcium and magnesium in rats.

Abstract: Background: Inulin-type fructans or chains with mainly β[2–1] linked fructose molecules escape the ingestion procedure in the small intestine and are fermented by the microflora, and are known to increase colonic absorption of minerals in animals. The fermentation rate in the large bowel into short-chain fatty acids depends on the molecular mass and the structure of these food ingredients. It is thought that this colonic fermentation is the basis for the reported increase in mineral absorption. Aim of the study: The purpose of the present study was twofold: a) to compare different types of fructans that differ in the sugar chain length and in chain branching; b) to determine the potential synergistic effect of a combination of inulin-type fructans with different chain lengths. Methods: For this purpose, 50 adult male Wistar rats weighing 170 g each were used in this study. The rats were distributed into 5 groups and fed for 28 days a fiber-free basal purified diet or diet containing 10 % oligofructose (OF) (DPav 4), or 10 % HP-inulin (DPav 25), a blend of 50 % OF and 50 % HP-inulin, or a branched-chain inulin. Results: During the first period, the rats went into a gradual adaptation, during which the rats received 2.5 % for 1 week and then 5 % for 1 week of the tested products. During the last 4 days of the experiment, feces and urine were monitored for mineral balance study. The animals were then sacrificed and blood, cecum and tibia were sampled for mineral status assessment. Our results showed that the ingestion of all the tested fructans led to a considerable cecal fermentation. All tested compounds increased the intestinal absorption and balance of Mg significantly. Interestingly, in the present experimental set-up, all tested compounds increased the intestinal absorption and balance of Ca numerically, but only the blend OF + HP-inulin increased apparent intestinal absorption and balance of Ca significantly. Conclusions: The different types of fructans studied in the present experiment seem to have similar activity on mineral absorption. However, the combination of OF and HP-inulin showed synergistic effects on intestinal Ca absorption and balance in rats. Further studies with other combinations of fructans need to be done to extend these findings.

Two Polyol, Low Digestible Carbohydrates Improve the Apparent Absorption of Magnesium but Not of Calcium in Healthy Young Men

Abstract: The effects of nondigestible oligosaccharides including polyols on intestinal mineral absorption have been studied extensively in animal experiments, but their impact on mineral absorption in humans remains to be established. We investigated the effects of feeding two fermentable, low digestible carbohydrates, on the apparent absorption and balance of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in humans. Nine healthy young men were given a control diet with dextrose or polyols, low digestible, fermentable carbohydrates (LHBC, HPFL) for 32-d periods according to a 3 x 3 Latin-square design. During the 18-d period of adaptation, the products were administered gradually in liquid form, up to a maximum of 100 g/d, which was then consumed for 14 d. Ca and Mg levels were measured in diets and in fecal and urine collections to assess apparent mineral absorption and balance. The relative apparent absorptions of Ca and Mg from the control diet were (means +/- SEM) 33.3 +/- 4.6 and 39.8 +/- 2.7%, respectively. Ingestion of both low digestible carbohydrates significantly increased the relative apparent absorption of Mg by about 25%. LHBC, but not HPFL, ingestion increased urinary Mg excretion. Apparent absorption, urinary excretion and balance of Ca were not altered by the ingestion of either low digestible carbohydrate. Ingestion of the low digestible, fermentable carbohydrates, with balanced diets, improved apparent Mg absorption without significant effects on apparent absorption or retention of Ca in healthy young men. Further human studies are therefore still needed to confirm the effects of these products in other populations.

Effect of Different Soaking Solutions on Nutritive Utilization of Minerals (Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium) from Cooked Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Growing Rats

Abstract: The effects of the commonly used processing techniques of soaking (at different pH values) and cooking on the digestive and nutritive utilization of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium from common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were studied. Before the cooking step, the beans were soaked in solutions of acid (2.6 and 5.3) or basic (8.4) pH. Chemical and biological methods were used to determine nutritional parameters in growing rats, and the fiber content of the beans was established. As the pH of the soaking solution increased, so did mineral absorption and the apparent digestibility coefficient, which reached suitable values for growing rats, due to the reduced losses of soluble minerals and the increased food intake. Metabolic utilization also improved with increased pH of the soaking solution, although the values were, in general, low as a result of urinary losses under the experimental conditions. For the experimental period of 10 days, the femur and the muscle seem to be good metabolic indicators for calcium, but not for phosphorus or magnesium. The increased amount of cellulose in the soaked seed did not have a negative effect on the digestive utilization of minerals.

Mineral absorption enhancer

Abstract: Provided is a mineral absorption enhancing method comprising administering an effective amount of a green coffee bean extract. The present invention can relieve mineral deficiency by using a mineral absorption enhancer which is excellent in safety and has an excellent mineral absorption enhancing effect.

Magnesium balance in adult cats fed a dry food rich in lactose.

Abstract: The question addressed was whether lactose consumption would stimulate apparent magnesium absorption in adult cats. In a cross-over study, eight cats were fed dry diets without or with 10% lactose, which was added at the expense of the glucose component. Urine and faeces were quantitatively collected and the balance of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus was determined. Lactose feeding did not affect mineral absorption. The dry matter content of faeces was unchanged after lactose consumption. Urinary excretion of galactose represented 0.2% of the intake. It is concluded that lactose ingestion at a level of 1.2 g/kg body weight has no effect on mineral absorption and on the consistency of faeces in adult cats.

Mineral absorption promoter

Abstract: In order to prevent or respond to osteoporosis, represented by skeletal disorders and other diseases caused by mineral deficiencies, the invention is not feeling comfortable and easy to ingest almost non-existent and the high mineral absorption promoting effect of providing food, made with beans from soybeans preparation of raw materials soluble polysaccharide as an active ingredient a mineral absorption promoting agent (the water-soluble polysaccharide containing 5 to 50% uronic acid).

Mineral absorption promoter

Abstract: To prevent or treat diseases caused by mineral deficiency such as skeleton damages typified by osteoporosis, it is intended to provide a mineral absorption promoter comprising as the active ingredient water-soluble polysaccharides (containing from 5 to 50% of uronic acid) obtained from a bean-origin material such as soybeans which can be easily taken with little uncomfortable feeling and achieves a remarkable effect of promoting mineral absorption.

The influence of grapefruit phenolic compounds on mineral absorption in rats

Abstract: The effect of grapefruit phenols on utilization of some minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Cu and Fe) in rats was examined. Lyophilised extract from hard parts of grapefruit (stone, peel, white coats) containing mainly flavonones (naringin, hespereridin, hesperetin, nairutin, neohesperedin) was introduced into casein diets in the amount of 0.1% and 0.4% (group C-0.1 and C-0.4, respectively). The addition of tested preparation modified mineral availability to a different extent. No differences in Ca retention between control group (42.72 mg/day) and groups C-0.1 and C-0.4 (40.9 and 43.54 mg/day, respectively) were observed. Compared to control group, retention of P increased from 25.94 mg/day to 42.92 and 44.39; retention of Mg from 2.3 mg/day to 3.55 and 4.15; retention of Zn from 41 µg/day to 96 and 150; retention of Cu from 55.4 µg/day to 64.2 and 71.7 in groups C-0.1 and C-0.4 respectively. Simultaneously, a dose-dependent reduction of Fe retention was observed from 1 µg/day in control group to -39 µg/day in group C-0.1 and -102 µg/day in group C-0.4. However, a 0.1% addition caused only insignificant decrease in retention of this mineral. The results obtained indicate that small amounts of grapefruit polyphenols in diets can improve availability of some minerals without significant negative influence on Fe status.

Advances in study on methods of mineral absorption and absorption mechanisms of organic minerals

Abstract: This article reviewed the advances in the study on methods of mineral absorption and posˉsible absorption mechanisms of organic minerals.The absorption and utilization differences between orˉganic and inorganic minerals need to be studied deeply to provide a theoretic basis for using high bioactive mineral sources in animal industry.

Use of a green coffee extract as an enhancer of mineral absorption

Abstract: of EP1424076Provided is a mineral absorption enhancing method comprising administering an effective amount of a green coffee bean extract. The present invention can relieve mineral deficiency by using a mineral absorption enhancer which is excellent in safety and has an excellent mineral absorption enhancing effect.

Effects of Root Environments on Mineral Composition of Vegetable Foods

Abstract: Effects of root environments on absorption of mineral nutrients in plants are examined using excised roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Radioisotopes and multi-compartment transport boxes [see method column] were used to understand separately absorption and translocation in cases of several ions. Effects of hydrogen ions (pH) and calcium ions (Ca+) have been studied as important factors of root environments. At pH 3, substantial ion absorption has been lost except in the case of iron. Iron absorption looks rather like adsorption, because negligible radioactive iron can be found in the outer sections of excised roots examined. At pH 3.0 where a quick adsorption or absorption of iron is found, the hydrogen ion concentration is equivalent to 1.0 mM. Even though this low pH level is fatal to plants, similar severe condition can be seen in a solution culture experiment, after the renewal of complete nutrient solution containing a few mM of ammonium, whenever ammoniumtolerant plants have grown up sufficiently. Calcium disturbed absorption of other ions as like a commonly accepted theory in the field of plant nutrition. Calcium interruption is more severe to sodium, monovalent cation, than to iron and manganese, polyvalent cations. However there is exception that an available fraction exuded into the terminal compartment through xylem is rather stable between non-and 0.5 mM calcium levels. Besides the difference of carried fractions between the non-and the low calcium treatment is not clear in the roots apart from the radio-activated tip section. The calcium effect to reduce the acid injury can be observed by its decreasing tendency in the leak of sodium or manganese during its translocation at pH 3.5.