Showing papers on "Mineral absorption published in 2005"

Dietary inulin intake and age can significantly affect intestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium in rats: a stable isotope approach

Abstract: previous studies have shown that non-digestible inulin-type fructan intake can increase intestinal mineral absorption in both humans and animals. However, this stimulatory effect on intestinal absorption may depend on experimental conditions such as duration of fermentable fiber intake, mineral diet levels and animals' physiological status, in particular their age. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of inulin intake on Ca and Mg absorption in rats at different age stages. eighty male Wistar rats of four different ages (2, 5, 10 and 20 months) were randomized into either a control group or a group receiving 3.75% inulin in their diet for 4 days and then 7.5% inulin for three weeks. The animals were fed fresh food and water ad libitum for the duration of the experiment. Intestinal absorption of Ca and Mg was determined by fecal monitoring using stable isotopic tracers. Ca and Mg status was also assessed. absorption of Ca and Mg was significantly lower in the aged rats (10 and 20 mo) than in the young and adult rat groups. As expected, inulin intake increased Ca and Mg absorption in all four rat groups. However, inulin had a numerically greater effect on Ca absorption in aged rats than in younger rats whereas its effect on Mg absorption remained similar across all four rat age groups. the extent of the stimulatory effect of inulin on absorption of Ca may differ according to animal ages. Further studies are required to explore this effect over longer inulin intake periods, and to confirm these results in humans.

Inulin, oligofructose and bone health: experimental approaches and mechanisms.

Abstract: Inulin-type fructans have been proposed to benefit mineral retention, thereby enhancing bone health. Many, but not all, experimental animal studies have shown increased mineral absorption by feeding non-digestible oligosaccharides. Possible reasons for inconsistencies are explored. A few studies have reported an enhanced bone mineral density or content. Bone health can be evaluated in chronic feeding studies with bone densitometry, bone breaking strength, bone mineral concentration and bone structure. Isotopic Ca tracers can be used to determine the point of metabolism affected by feeding a functional food ingredient. These methods and the effects of feeding inulin-type fructose are reviewed. Inulin-type fructans enhance Mg retention. Chicory long-chain inulin and oligofructose enhance femoral Ca content, bone mineral density and Ca retention through enhanced Ca absorption and suppressed bone turnover rates, but it is not bone-promoting under all conditions.

Mineral Absorption and Excretion as Affected by Microbial Phytase, and their Effect on Energy Metabolism in Young Piglets

Abstract: Positive effects of dietary phytase supplementation on pig performance are observed not only when phosphorus is limiting. Improved energy utilization might be one explanation. Using indirect calorimetry, phytase-induced changes in energy metabolism were evaluated in young piglets with adequate phosphorus intake. Eight replicates of 8 group-housed barrows each were assigned to either a control or a phytase-supplemented diet [1500 phytase units (FTU)/kg feed]. Piglets were fed a restricted amount of the control or phytase diet. The diets were made limiting in energy content by formulating them to a high digestible lysine:DE ratio. Fecal nutrient digestibility, portal blood variables, organ weights, and apparent absorption and urinary excretion of ash, Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Cu, and Fe, were also measured. A model was developed to estimate energy required for absorption and excretion, which are partly active processes. Phytase tended to improve energy digestibility (P = 0.10), but not its metabolizability. Energy retention and heat production were not affected. At the end of the 3-wk period, pancreas weight (P < 0.05) and blood pH were lower (P < 0.01), and CO(2) pressure was higher (P < 0.01) due to phytase. This suggests that phytase reduced energy expenditure of the digestive tract, and increased metabolic activity in visceral organs. The potential increases in energy retention due to phytase were counterbalanced by increased energy expenditures for processes such as increased mineral absorption (for most P < 0.05), and their subsequent urinary excretion. Energy costs of increased absorption of nutrients, and deposition and excretion of minerals was estimated as 4.6 kJ/(kg(0.75) . d), which is 1% of the energy required for maintenance. The simultaneous existence of both increases and decreases in heat production processes resulted in the absence of a net effect on energy retention.

Mineral status of Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton) fingerlings in relation to supplemental phytase: absorption, whole‐body and bone mineral content

Abstract: A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to quantify the effects of microbial phytase supplementation on apparent absorption, whole body and bone contents of minerals in Pangasius pangasius fingerlings. Seven isoprotein (35.67%) and isocaloric (3870 kcal kg(-1)) diets were prepared with graded levels of supplemental phytase at 0 (T1), 150 (T2), 250 (T3), 350 (T4), 500 (T5), 1000 (T6) and 2000 (T7) FTU (Phytase Units) kg(-1). Three hundred and fifteen fingerlings of P. pangasius (1.97-2.05 g) were randomly distributed in seven treatments with three replicates each. There was significant increase (P<0.05) in tissue protein content in phytase-supplemented groups compared with the control. Apparent absorptions of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), potassium (K), copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the phytase-supplemented groups than the control group. Faecal ash and P contents were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the control (T1) than the phytase-supplemented groups. Whole-body contents of Ca, P. Zn, Fe, Cu and Co were significantly (P<0.05) improved by the dietary supplementation of phytase-barring Mg and Mn. Concentrations of bone Ca, P, K, Cu and Co were significantly (P<0.05) higher in phytase-supplemented groups. Bone ash contents (40.77-44.85%) were increased concomitantly with the increased level of phytase inclusion upto 500 FTU kg(-1) diet. It was observed that a minimum dose of 250 FTU phytase kg(-1) diet improved the mineral absorption and utilization in P. pangasius fingerlings.

Dose‐response effects of inulin on the faecal short‐chain fatty acids content and mineral absorption of formula‐fed infants

Abstract: Purpose – The objective of this study is to examine the dose‐response effect of inulin on mineral absorption and faecal short‐chain fatty acids concentration in formula‐fed infants.Design/methodology/approach – The effects of inulin on faecal short‐chain fatty acids and minerals absorption in 36 healthy, formula‐fed infants given three different doses of inulin (0.75g/d, 1.00g/d, and 1.25g/d) were studied using complete randomized design. Acetic, butyric, propionic and lactic acids were analysed using gas chromatography.Findings – No significant (p<0.05) difference was observed in the infant faecal short‐chain fatty acids contents during the basal period, the intake period and the washout period. A significant (p<0.05) increase in per cent apparent absorption, per cent apparent retention and net retention of iron were seen in infants supplemented with 1g/day inulin. A significant (p<0.05) increase in per cent apparent retention and net retention of Magnesium was also seen in infants supplemented with 0.75...

Phytase studies in pigs and poultry: effect on protein digestion and energy utilization

Abstract: Phytase is applied for improving digestibility of phosphorus in pig and poultry diets Indepen-dently, phytase also improves animal performance The mechanisms to explain this effect were investigated and quantified Protein can be complexed with phytate, especially under the acid conditions that occurs in the stomach of animals Dietary phytase supplementation pre-vents formation of such complexes or, if such complexes are formed, helps to release protein faster and to a larger extent from phytate Consequently, protein digestibility may increase This effect was confirmed in a meta-analysis of digestibility experiments, both in poultry and pigs The higher protein digestibility explains, only in part, the improved performance In poultry, the apparent metabolizable energy level increased with dietary phytase, mainly as the result of higher protein and fat digestion Because in literature no effect of phytase on energy digestibility in pigs was shown, post-absorptive energy utilization was investigated Using indirect calorimetry, no clear effect of phytase could be shown on energy partitioning Phytase improved, however, energy utilization during the first two weeks post-weaning of ad libitum fed piglets This may indicate that adaptation of piglets is somewhat facilitated by phytase In an experiment with restrictedly-fed piglets, three weeks post-weaning, energy digestibility increased with phytase, but not energy metabolizability A number of observations indicated, however, that energy metabolism of the piglets was affected Processes that increase or de-crease heat production balance each other out Phytase increased digestibility of minerals considerably, including the monovalent cations sodium and potassium Mineral absorption and excretion are, in part, active processes, increasing heat production Using a mathematical model, this effect was estimated at about 1% of energy requirements for maintenance A lower energy requirement may result from a reduced produc-tion of endogenous protein In growing pigs, dietary phytase supplementation decreased gastric mucin production Possibly, the for-mation of inositol mono-, di- or tri-phosphates may act positively on the growth of animals, but this remains to be confirmed In conclusion, phytase improved digestibility of amino acids, both in poultry and pigs It also improved energy metabolizability in poultry Energy utilization in pigs is probably affected, but the mechanism needs further clarification and quantification

Sesame-containing food

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To develop a sesame-containing food having rich taste and strong body by inhibiting sesame proteins from coagulating, precipitating and separating, and suppressing the gelation, when sesame is used together with a thickening polysaccharide, and increasing mineral absorption by decomposing phytic acid that hinders mineral absorption. SOLUTION: Sesame is treated with a phytic acid-decomposing enzyme (phytase) thereby a phenomenon that the sesame protein is coagulated, precipitated and separated is inhibited. In addition, the gelation in the case in which the thickening polysaccharide is together used can markedly suppressed whereby the sesame containing food is obtained that has excellent taste and/or strong body and can increase mineral absorption in comparison with the conventional sesame containing food. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Mineral-enrichment composition

Abstract: It is intended to provide a mineral-enrichment composition which prevents minerals from the conversion into hardly soluble salts via chelating even in the case where phytic acid and/or oxalic acid are contained in a food, a drink or a feed and thus enables enrichment of minerals to be effectively used in vivo; and a food, a drink or a feed containing the composition. It is also intended to provide a process for producing the food, drink or feed as described above; and a method of relieving the inhibition of mineral absorption in vivo caused by phytic acid and/or oxalic acid.

Mineral-containing aqueous solution composition

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mineral-containing aqueous solution composition solving problems on price, taste and storage stability despite the fact that since minerals essential to human body including iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium are low in absorbability into human body even after intake, mineral materials of improved absorbability and materials helping mineral absorption have been developed SOLUTION: The mineral-containing aqueous solution composition contains 01-10 wt% of a reducing lactose and minerals This aqueous solution is good in mineral absorbability, being stable even under long-term storage and good in feeling when taken COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Influence of the form and level of copper and zinc supplementation on mineral status of grower and finisher pigs.

Abstract: Organic forms of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) induce higher growth rates than inorganic forms. The higher growth rates of pigs fed organic Cu and Zn are thought to be because organic forms of the minerals are absorbed better than inorganic forms (Coffey et al., 1994) and that they may result in greater plasma mineral concentrations (Hahn and Baker, 1993) and/or higher organ mineral stores in pigs (Apgar et al., 1995). However, an effect of mineral form on these indices has not always been demonstrated (Wedekind et al., 1994). The aim of this experiment was to compare the effect of Cu and Zn fed in the form of Bioplex® or sulphate at two levels of dietary inclusion on the mineral status of growing and finishing pigs.

Basic nutritional investigation Promotive effects of non-digestible disaccharides on rat mineral absorption depend on the type of saccharide

Abstract: Objective: We examined the effects of feeding non-digestible disaccharides, difructose anhydride III (DFAIII), maltitol, melibiose and, cellobiose, on calcium, magnesium, and iron absorption in comparison with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) in normal and ovariectomized rats. Methods: In experiment 1, six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control diet (100 g of cellulose/kg of diet), test diets containing 30 g of FOS, or the four non-digestible disaccharides in place of the cellulose in the control diet for 4 wk. In experiment 2, two groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats (sham or ovariectomized) were assigned to one of four subgroups and fed the control or test diet containing FOS, DFAIII, and melibiose for 5 wk. Feces and cecal contents were collected to evaluate mineral absorption and cecal fermentation. Results: In experiment 1, calcium absorption in all the disaccharides groups except the cellobiose group, magnesium absorption in all test diet groups, and iron absorption in the FOS, DFAIII, and melibiose groups were higher than those in the control group. In ovariectomized rats (experiment 2), calcium absorption in the DFAIII and melibiose groups, magnesium absorption in all test diet groups, and iron absorption in the DFAIII group alone were higher than those in the control group. Cecal organic acids were positively and pH was negatively correlated with the absorption of these minerals, although the effects varied. Conclusion: Non-digestible disaccharides increase calcium, magnesium, and iron absorption in normal and ovariectomized rats; however, the effects depend on the disaccharide tested, a fact that may be partly associated with the cecal fermentation of these disaccharides. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.