Showing papers on "Mineral absorption published in 2009"

Basic nutritional investigation Effects of dietary lipid composition and inulin-type fructans on mineral bioavailability in growing rats

Abstract: Objective: This study reports the effects of feeding with a combination of inulin-type fructans (ITF) and fish oil (FO) on mineral absorption and bioavailability as part of a semipurified diet offered to rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n 24) were fed a 15% lipid diet (soybean oil (SO) or a 1:0.3 fish:soybean oil mixture (FSO)) and diets containing the same sources of lipids supplemented with 10% ITF (Raftilose Synergy 1) ad libitum for 15 d. Feces and urine were collected for mineral analyses during the las t5do f thetest period. Fatty acid composition was determined in liver and cecal mucosa homogenates. Liver and bone mineral analyses were performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Bone biomechanical analyses were evaluated by a 3-point bending test. Results: Compared with the controls, ITF-fed rats had enlarged ceca and a significant decrease in cecal content pH (P 0.001). The apparent mineral absorption was improved in these rats, and this effect was enhanced by dietary combination with FO for all minerals except for magnesium. Addition of ITF to the diet resulted in higher bone mineral content (calcium and zinc) and bone strength, but increased bone mineral content was only statistically significant in FO-fed animals. A decrease in liver iron stores (P 0.015) was observed in rats fed FO, considering that ITF consumption returned to levels comparable to the SO control group. Conclusion: These findings confirm the positive influence of ITF on mineral bioavailability, which was potentiated by addition of FO to the diet. © 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc.

The effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 on mineral absorption and bone health in growing male and ovariectomised female rats

Abstract: Prebiotics affect mineral absorption, in part by increasing solubility due to short chain fatty acid generation. Prebiotics stimulate the growth of probiotics in the gut and probiotics may affect mineral absorption by similar mechanisms. The objectives of this study were to measure (1) the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain HN001 (HN001) on mineral absorption in growing male rats and (2) whether HN001 can reduce bone loss and affect bone properties in female ovariectomised (OVX) rats. Study 1: Twenty-two 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were weaned onto a milk powder-based diet supplying 20% protein and 0.5% calcium. After a week, the rats were randomised into two groups: one continuing on the base diet and the other receiving 109 cfu HN001 per day in the diet. After 3 weeks, the animals were housed in metabolic cages for 8 days. Food intake was measured, and urine and faeces were collected for 3 days. Calcium and magnesium balances were calculated. Study 2: Forty 5.5-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomised or sham-operated and randomised into three groups. The sham (n = 10) and OVX control groups (n = 15) remained on a caseinate-based control diet, while the experimental group (n = 15) received 109 cfu HN001 per day in the diet. After 12 weeks, bone density was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone and blood samples were collected. HN001 improved calcium and magnesium retention in the growing male rats, but due to differences in food intake, data was inconclusive. However, HN001-fed OVX rats had a reduced rate of bone loss and a higher final bone density in the spine and femur at week 12 compared to the OVX control group. HN001 may improve mineral bioavailability and have a positive effect on bone mineral density and mineral content. The underlying mechanisms need to be researched.

Effect of graded levels of iron, zinc, and copper supplementation in diets with low-phytate or normal barley on growth performance, bone characteristics, hematocrit volume, and zinc and copper balance of young swine.

Abstract: Fifty crossbred barrows with an average initial age of 31 d and BW of 9.94 kg were used in a 28-d experiment to evaluate the effect of a low-phytic acid (LPA) barley mutant (M) M955, a near-isogenic progeny of the normal barley (NB) cultivar Harrington with about 90% less phytate than NB, to increase the utilization of Fe, Zn, and Cu compared with diets containing NB. The response criteria were growth performance, hematocrit volume, metacarpal bone characteristics, and the apparent absorption, retention, and excretion of Zn and Cu. The 2 barley cultivars (NB and M955) and the 5 trace mineral (TM) treatment concentrations of Fe and Zn (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the requirement as FeSO(4) and ZnSO(4)) and Cu (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160% of the requirement as CuSO(4)) made 10 treatments in a factorial arrangement. Available P was equalized at 0.33% in all diets by adding monosodium phosphate to the basal diet containing NB, and all diets contained 0.65% Ca. Diets were adequate in all other nutrients. Barley and soybean meal were the only sources of phytate in the practical diets that also contained spray-dried whey. The barrows were fed the diets to appetite in meal form twice daily in individual metabolism crates. There were no barley cultivar x TM treatment interactions, and there were no differences between the NB and M955 barley cultivars for any of the response criteria measured. However, for the TM treatments, there were linear increases (P < or = 0.05) in ADFI, ADG, hematocrit volume, metacarpal bone breaking strength and ash weight, and the apparent absorption, retention, and excretion (mg/d) of Zn and Cu. In conclusion, the LPA barley had no effect on the response criteria in this experiment, apparently because of the small increase in the availability of the endogenous trace minerals in the practical diets containing M955 compared with NB. However, increasing the supplementation of Fe and Zn from 0 to 100% (160% for Cu) of the requirement resulted in linear increases in growth performance, hematocrit volume, metacarpal bone strength and ash weight, and the apparent absorption, retention, and excretion of Zn and Cu. Therefore, these results indicate that the inorganic trace mineral supplementation of practical diets for young pigs should not be less than the National Research Council requirements for swine.

Calcium Bioavailability from Diets Based on White Cheese Containing Probiotics or Synbiotics in Short-Time Study in Rats

Abstract: One of the postulated effects of proand prebiotics is their beneficial influence on mineral absorption from a diet. In the present study, calcium absorption from diets containing white cheese with the potentially probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strain with a prebiotic addition such as inulin HPX (high performance for high temperature processes) and maltodextrin was investigated. 2.5% of each prebiotic was added to the cheese preparation. The bioavailability of minerals was expressed as apparent absorption and retention indexes. The highest calcium absorption (mg 5 day ) was noted in group receiving probiotic -1 cheese, however there was no significant difference between this and the group receiving control diet without proand prebiotics. Maltodextrin addition to the diet caused a negative effect on Ca balance. Both, apparent absorption (%, mg 5 days ) and retention (mg 5 days ) indexes in this group were significantly lower (P < -1 -1 0.05) compared to other groups. The apparent retention (mg 5 days ) of calcium was significantly higher (P -1 < 0.05) in rats receiving probiotic cheese. Feeding rats with probiotic cheese, containing Lactobacillus plantarum strain, resulted in increased calcium retention compared to control and synbiotic diets.

Mineral absorption in tapirs (Tapirus spp.) as compared to the domestic horse

Abstract: To test whether mineral recommendations for horses are likely to guarantee adequate mineral provision for tapirs (Tapirus spp.), we investigated the apparent absorption (aA) of macro and micro-minerals in 18 tapirs from five zoological institutions in a total of 24 feeding trials with total faecal collection. Samples of feeds and faeces were analysed for Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu and Zn. The resulting aA coefficients and the linear relationships of apparently absorbable dietary mineral content to total dietary mineral content (per 100 g dry matter) were compared with data for domestic horses. While there were no apparent differences in the absorption patterns for P, K, Na, Fe, Cu or Zn, the absorption of both Ca and Mg was distinctively higher in tapirs than in horses. Tapirs are browsers that are adapted to a diet of higher Ca content and higher Ca:P ratio than equids, and high absorptive efficiency for Ca might have evolved to ensure that high dietary Ca concentrations do not lead to the binding of dietary P in the intestine, making it unavailable for hindgut microbes. Similar to other hindgut fermenters, in tapirs, absorption coefficients for Ca increased with dietary Ca:P ratio, and urinary Ca:creatinine ratios increased with dietary Ca. Several zoo diets used were deficient in one or more minerals. When compared with faeces of free-ranging animals, faeces of zoo animals had higher concentrations of most minerals, probably indicating a lesser diluting effect of indigestible fibre in zoo animals.

Relationships between faecal phytate and mineral excretion depend on dietary phytate and age.

Abstract: We investigated the adverse effect of phytate on mineral absorption and the effect of dietary phytate and age on the relationship between faecal phytate and faecal mineral excretion. Fourteen young women (aged 19-24 years) and fourteen elderly women (64-75 years) were studied for two metabolic periods (MP). In MP1, the subjects consumed a controlled high-phytate (HP) diet for 10 d; in MP2, they were on a low-phytate (LP) diet for 10 d. In each period, diet samples and complete faecal samples for 5 d were collected to analyse phytate and mineral contents. Mineral concentrations in diet and faeces were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between faecal phytate and mineral excretion. The degradation rate of dietary phytate was about 77% for young women, which was significantly lower than that of elderly women (86%) (P < 0.05). Faecal phytate excretion was positively correlated with mineral excretion (Ca, P, Fe and Zn) in both the HP and LP diet groups in young women (P < 0.05). The linear relationship tended to be greater during the LP diet period compared with the HP diet period in young women. However, no association was found between phytate excretion and mineral excretion in elderly women. In summary, undegraded dietary phytate (10-20%) had a negative effect on mineral absorption in young women, and the relationship between faecal phytate and mineral excretion was affected by both dietary phytate and age.

Mineral absorption improver, and method for improving absorption of minerals

Abstract: Disclosed is a mineral absorption improver which has excellent safety and excellent taste, can be ingested for a long period, and can improve the absorption of minerals. The mineral absorption improver comprises an oligosaccharide and a fermented milk product as active ingredients. The mineral absorption improver can improve the absorption of minerals, particularly zinc, by a synergistic effect of the oligosaccharide and the fermented milk product, even though the mineral absorption improver is a composition having a lower oligosaccharide content than those of the conventional mineral absorption improvers. When the mineral absorption improver is prepared using galactooligosaccharide (which is a compound hardly decomposed under acidic conditions) as the oligosaccharide, the mineral absorption improver can be added to compositions such as acidic foods and pharmaceutical preparations.

Drug–Nutrient Interactions That Impact on Mineral Status

Abstract: Concurrent administration of medications and nutrients can bring about interactions that change the absorption or metabolism of the medication or nutrient (1,2). There are many more dietary supplements and drugs that are now taken simultaneously and some interact with each other (3). Certain drugs may exhibit decreased absorption or activity as a result of chelation and adsorption. Mineral status may be altered because of decreased absorption, increased excretion, or an altered mineral metabolism (Fig. 1). The results of such interactions may be clinically insignificant or severe. This chapter discusses mineral bioavailability and absorption and reviews mineral requirements, their sources, deficiency, and toxicity signs, and normal levels in the serum (Tables 1 and 2). Drugs that will affect mineral status (Table 3) in contrast to those minerals expected to interfere with drug absorption or activity (Table 4) are reviewed. The tables in this chapter have been designed to provide a simple and practical guide for practitioners.

Mineral absorption accelerator and iron deficiency anemia improver or food composition

Abstract: A mineral absorption accelerator, and an anemia improving agent, food and drink or food and drink material containing the mineral absorption accelerator are provided, the mineral absorption accelerator including: an α-glucosidase inhibitory component.

Influence of chicory preparation containing fructans and polyphenols on nitrogen excretion patterns and ileal mineral absorption in rats.

Abstract: In two experiments on Wistar rats, the influence of chicory fructans and their dietary combination with polyphenols on nitrogen excretion routes and mineral absorption in the ileum was examined. In the first experiment, during 15 days, twenty four rats were randomly divided into three equal groups of eight animals. The rats were assigned to the following diets: control (C), with 7.5% of chicory fructooligosaccharides (F), and that containing 7.5% of fructooligosaccharides combined with 0.05% of polyphenols (FP) were applied to 24 animals. In the second experiment on 30 rats, an in situ technique in an open system based on controlled flow of perfusion fluid through the small intestine of anaesthetized rats was used for assessing gut absorption. The content of fructooligosaccharides in the F fluid was 9.7 g/100 ml, while in the FP group the fluid contained similar amount of FOS and 62.5 mg of chicory polyphenols per 100 ml. Feeding fructooligosaccharides caused, typical for this type of dietary fibre, higher nitrogen excretion in faeces and lower N losses in urea as compared to the control group. Simultaneous dietary addition of polyphenols slightly increased these effects, however, the N digestibility and utilization indices did not differ significantly between F and FP groups (Experiment I). The chicory preparation containing both fructooligosaccharides and polyphenols decreased the ileal absorption of glucose and magnesium from the perfusion fluid in comparison to the F group. It was reflected in the lowest serum concentration of glucose in the FP group measured just after the perfusion period. Both preparations F and FP similarly increased the rate of calcium absorption when compared to the control treatment.

Using stable isotopes to determine mineral bioavailability of functional foods

Abstract: Mineral stable isotopes allow for the direct assessment of mineral absorption in all population groups. The most widely used in human nutrition are calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron. These can be used to demonstrate the effects of interventions, including the use of functional foods, on mineral absorption both from an individual meal and from whole diets. Methodologies are safe, practical and well tolerated, even by small children.

Experimental Studies in Rats on the Effects on Growth and Intestinal Microflora of a New Mix Combining Calcium, Iron, Zinc and a Prebiotic in a Milk-like Vehicle

Abstract: The aim of this work was to determine the effects of a new mineral mix combined with a prebiotic on growth, mineral deposit and intestinal microflora using a milk-like vehicle. This study was performed with Sprague Dawley female rats separated into 7 groups. Group 1 was fed with a deficient diet on its mineral content, group 2, 3 and 4 were fed with normal diets on their mineral content during 28 days but group 2 was fed with a diet containing reference Ca, Fe and Zn sources and groups 3 and 4 with diets containing other Ca, Fe and Zn sources that were evaluated. Group 4 received additionally a diet containing a prebiotic. Groups 5, 6 and 7 were submitted to a depletion period of 14 days during which they were fed as group 1 and then to a repletion period of 14 days when they were fed with the same diets as group 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Initial and final body weight, average growth rate, liver and femur weight, iron and zinc liver content as well as calcium and zinc femur content were the parameters evaluated for the growth and mineral deposit analysis. An- aerobes, enterobacteria, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria recount was performed from feces samples collected on different treatment days. Mineral sources under study presented slightly better characteristics than the reference standard ones. Moreover, the combination with a prebiotic may produce some advantages related to mineral absorption and intestinal microflora composition as a bifidogenic effect was confirmed.

Mineral absorption-promoting food, mineral-absorbable food, and method for promoting mineral absorption

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a food enabling minerals to be absorbed in high efficiency, and to provide a method for promoting minerals absorption. SOLUTION: A minerals absorption-promoting food containing agave inulin is provided. A minerals-absorbing food containing at least a minerals-inulin conjugate of metal ions composing minerals including calcium, copper, zinc and iron and/or metal complexes and agave inulin as a minerals absorption promoter, is provided. The method for promoting minerals absorption is also provided, comprising the following process: The inside of the large intestine is made weakly acidic owing to bacterial decomposition of an inulin conjugate formed by including agave inulin in minerals and/or agave inulin to effect increasing the solubility of the minerals to water. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

The Relationship between Ruminal Macro Mineral Solubility and Fermentability of Selected Tropical Legumes Tree with Mineral Absorption on Local Sheep

Abstract: A research to study relationship between macrominer al solubility, fermentability of some tree legumes with in vivo digestibility using local sheep has been conducted . In the first experiment, five tropical legume trees such as Pterocarpus indicus (PI), Sesbania gradiflora (SG), Gliricidia sepium (GS), Callyandra callotyrsus (CC) and Leucaena leucocephala (LL) were used. A modified in vitro technique was used to determine degradation, fermen tatio and macromineral bioavailability of selected legume trees. The gas production was measu red using Hohenheim method. The ruminal DM degradation and the cumulative gas productions were calculated using a model of Y = a + b (1-e ) following method of ∅rskov and McDonald (1979). The second experiment ai med to evaluate macro mineral abroption of the legumes. The in vivo digestibility was measured using eighteen male loc al sheep. The animals were divided into 6 groups with 3 replications (A = native grass as a control, B = Ration A + 20% PI, C = Ration A + 20% SG, D = Ratio n A + 20% GS, E = Ration A + 20% LL and F = Ration A + 20% CC). The results showed that biode gradation and cummulative gas production of selected legume trees were not significantly differ ent. However, the gas production rate of SG and GS were significantly higher. No difference was observ ed on VFA production of the legumes, while the NH3 production was different. Legume SG produced more N H3 than other tree legumes. In general, the ruminal Ca solubility was higher than P and Mg. The solubility of Ca and Mg of legume LL were higher than other legumes, while the solubility of P from legume LL was the highest. The in vivo experiment showed that digestibility of the ration containing 20% of tropical legume trees was no difference. However, the DM and OM consumption of r ation were significantly different. The DM and OM consumption of ration D was higher (398 and 347 kg head day) than other rations. The absorption of mineral Ca and P from ration E was hi gher than other legumes.

Mineral absorption accelerator and iron deficiency anemia improver or food composition

Abstract: 本发明提供了矿物质吸收促进剂以及改善贫血的物质，含有所述矿物质吸收促进剂的食物和饮料或者食物和饮料材料，所述矿物质吸收促进剂包括α-葡糖苷酶抑制成分。 The present invention provides the material and improving mineral absorption accelerator of anemia, comprising the mineral absorption accelerator of the food and drink or food and drink material, the mineral absorption accelerator include α- glucosidase inhibiting ingredient.

Nonruminant nutrition symposium on mineral absorption: What is known?

Abstract: Mineral nutrition research in recent years has focused on reducing mineral excretion; however, very little work has focused on accurate determination of mineral requirements. To more accurately define and understand mineral requirements, it is essential that a better understanding of mineral absorption mechanisms and their regulation be achieved. This is particularly important because the cost of mineral supplements is on the rise. As a result, this symposium, “Mineral absorption: What is known?” was organized by the Nonruminant Nutrition Program Committee for the 2008 Joint Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science and the American Dairy Science Association. This symposium was held on July 8, 2008, in Indianapolis, IN. Specific aims of the symposium were to 1) review our current knowledge of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and P absorption; 2) review the results of studies involving transgenic mice and how these results affect our thinking of Ca absorption and metabolism in livestock; and 3) learn more about recent technological developments that may aid in the identification of organic trace mineral complexes. To accomplish these aims, 5 speakers were invited. The first invited speaker was Gretchen Hill, whose presentation was titled “Transporters in the absorption and utilization of Zn and Cu” (Hill and Link, 2009). Hill discussed the 2 protein families involved in Zn transport, ZnT and Zip proteins. The ZnT family of proteins maintains the inward concentration gradient for Zn by aiding in the efflux of intracellular Zn and by promoting the movement of intracellular Zn in cytosolic vesicles. Zip proteins appear to work in the opposite direction, moving extracellular Zn or vesicular Zn into the cytosolic pool. However, Zip proteins have yet to be identified and studied in livestock species. Hill then discussed Cu absorption mediated by 2 high affinity Cu transporters, Ctr1 and Ctr3. The role of Cu chaperone proteins in binding and transporting cytosolic Cu and the interaction of Cu and Zn rounded out her presentation. The second invited speaker was Jerry Spears whose presentation was titled “Absorption and metabolism of iron and manganese” (Spears and Hansen, 2008). Spears discussed the importance of reducing ferric Fe (Fe) to ferrous Fe (Fe) in the gastrointestinal lumen to allow for absorption through the divalent metal transporter (DMT1). To maintain the chemical gradient, Fe is rapidly transported from the enterocyte to the bloodstream by ferroportin 1, where it is rapidly oxidized back to ferric Fe by hephaestatin and bound by transferrin. Spears explained that manganese (Mn) is also transported into the enterocyte via DMT1 but that this process is not very efficient, with less than 1% of dietary Mn being absorbed. The third invited speaker was Alexandros Yiannikouris, whose presentation was titled “Identification of organic trace minerals: What does this tell us about potential routes of absorption?” Yiannikouris discussed recent technological advances in the identification of organic minerals still bound to their peptide carrier. Using this technology, Yiannikouris has been able to identify mineral-peptide complexes that appear to remain intact through the absorption process, indicating the possibility of absorption through a peptide transporter. The fourth invited speaker was Scott Radcliffe whose presentation was titled “Active phosphate absorption: What do we know and is it important?” (Radcliffe, 2008). Radcliffe discussed the active phosphate transporter (NaPi-2b), which plays an increasingly important role as dietary P concentrations are reduced. Work conducted with pigs in Radcliffe’s laboratory indicates that as the concentration of dietary P is reduced, active phosphate transport capacity is enhanced via a translocation of NaPi-2b from a subapical pool to the brush border membrane of enterocytes. Nonruminant nutrition symposium on mineral absorption: What is known?

Using stable isotopes to determine mineral bioavailability of functional foods.

Abstract: Mineral stable isotopes allow for the direct assessment of mineral absorption in all population groups. The most widely used in human nutrition are calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron. These can be used to demonstrate the effects of interventions, including the use of functional foods, on mineral absorption both from an individual meal and from whole diets. Methodologies are safe, practical and well tolerated, even by small children.