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Showing papers on "Mineral absorption published in 2010"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Phytate has therapeutic use against diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease and reduces kidney stone formation, HIV-1 and heavy metal toxicity; however, information on the dosage for humans for eliciting beneficial effects is limited.

694 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To ensure the World Health Organization estimated needs for these minerals from plant-based complementary foods for breastfed infants are met, dephytinization must be combined with enrichment with animal-source foods and/or fortification with appropriate levels and forms of mineral fortificants.
Abstract: Plant-based complementary foods often contain high levels of phytate, a potent inhibitor of iron, zinc, and calcium absorption. This review summarizes the concentrations of phytate (as hexa- and penta-inositol phosphate), iron, zinc, and calcium and the corresponding phytate:mineral molar ratios in 26 indigenous and 27 commercially processed plant-based complementary foods sold in low-income countries. Phytate concentrations were highest in complementary foods based on unrefined cereals and legumes (approximately 600 mg/100 g dry weight), followed by refined cereals (approximately 100 mg/100 g dry weight) and then starchy roots and tubers (< 20 mg/100 g dry weight); mineral concentrations followed the same trend. Sixty-two percent (16/26) of the indigenous and 37% (10/27) of the processed complementary foods had at least two phytate:mineral molar ratios (used to estimate relative mineral bioavailability) that exceeded suggested desirable levels for mineral absorption (i.e., phytate:iron < 1, phytate:zinc < 18, phytate:calcium < 0.17). Desirable molar ratios for phytate:iron, phytate:zinc, and phytate:calcium were achieved for 25%, 70%, and 57%, respectively, of the complementary foods presented, often through enrichment with animal-source foods and/or fortification with minerals. Dephytinization, either in the household or commercially, can potentially enhance mineral absorption in high-phytate complementary foods, although probably not enough to overcome the shortfalls in iron, zinc, and calcium content of plant-based complementary foods used in low-income countries. Instead, to ensure the World Health Organization estimated needs for these minerals from plant-based complementary foods for breastfed infants are met, dephytinization must be combined with enrichment with animal-source foods and/or fortification with appropriate levels and forms of mineral fortificants.

386 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Soluble corn fiber and soluble fiber dextrin had the greatest benefit to bone properties including whole body bone mineral content and density and greater volumetric bone mineral density, cortical thickness and area, and peak breaking strength of the distal femur.
Abstract: Dietary fibers are thought to benefit bone health through increasing mineral absorption and retention following fermentation in the lower gut and solubilization of minerals. This study compared eight fibers to cellulose following a 12 week intervention for production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), calcium absorption, mineral retention and bone content, and bone density and strength in a weanling rat model. Benefits to bone were poorly to modestly related to SCFA production, calcium absorption, or mineral retention, but some parameters were better predicted by cecal content weight, suggesting other mechanisms may be important. Nevertheless, two resistant starches, a soluble fiber dextrin and Polydextrose, increased bone calcium content. Soluble corn fiber and soluble fiber dextrin had the greatest benefit to bone properties including whole body bone mineral content and density and greater volumetric bone mineral density, cortical thickness and area, and peak breaking strength of the distal femur.

96 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Yu Wang, Tao Zeng1, Shu-e Wang1, Wei Wang1, Qian Wang1, Hong-Xia Yu1 
TL;DR: Data indicate that FOS effectively enhances the mineral apparent absorption rate and counteracts the deleterious effects of PA.

76 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ingestion of resistant maltodextrin and hydrogenated resistant maltodesxtrin increased apparent Ca and Mg absorptions dependent on cecal fermentation, while other mechanisms may also be involved in promotion of apparent Fe and Zn absorption by resistant maltODExtrin.
Abstract: Background It has been reported that low-viscous and fermentable dietary fiber and nondigestible oligosaccharides enhance mineral absorption. Resistant maltodextrin, nonviscous, fermentable and soluble source of dietary fiber, has several physiological functions. However, influence of resistant maltodextrin on mineral absorption is unclear.

54 citations


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2010

45 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present investigation revealed that the trace mineral requirement of broiler chickens suggested by the National Research Council may not be optimum to support the maximum growth potential of the high yielding strains, and it is reasonable to consider a review of the current NRC recommendations to meet the needs of the modern birds.
Abstract: Supplementation of broiler diets with copper, manganese, and zinc at levels higher than that stipulated by the National Research Council 1994 reportedly improved live weight, feed conversion, and cured leg abnormality supposedly caused by inadequate intake of Mn and Zn. The objective of the study was to ascertain the effects of plethoric supplementation of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) on performance and metabolic responses in broiler chickens. The study also aimed to discriminate the responses of the birds when the mineral elements were supplemented either in an inorganic or in an organic form. Cobb 400 broiler chickens (1-day old, n = 300) were assigned to three dietary treatments each containing nine replicates with ten birds for 39 days. The treatments included a control in which the diet was devoid of supplemental trace elements and treatments supplemented with an inorganic trace element premix (ITM) and supplemented with a combination of the inorganic and an organic trace element premix (OTM). The ITM contained (per kilogram) copper, 15 g; iron, 90 g; manganese, 90 g; zinc, 80 g (all as sulfated salts); iodine (as potassium iodide), 2 g; and selenium (as sodium selenite), 0.3 g. The OTM on the other hand, contained copper, 2.5 g; iron, 15 g; manganese, 15 g; zinc, 13.33 g; and chromium, 0.226 g (all as protein chelates). Plethoric supplementation of trace elements improved live weight gain and feed/gain ratio (p < 0.05). Leg abnormality developed in the 16% of the control group of birds but not in the supplemented group. Metabolizability of dry matter, organic matter, and protein was higher (p < 0.01) in the ITM and OTM groups. Excretion of Cu, Fe, and Zn decreased (p < 0.1) due to supplementation of the trace elements leading to increased apparent absorption of the said mineral elements (p < 0.01). Concentration of the concerned trace elements in serum, liver, and composite muscle samples was higher (p < 0.05) in the ITM and OTM dietary groups indicating an increased deposition of the said mineral elements due to supplementation. Although the study revealed subtle difference between the inorganic and organic mineral premixes with regards to the parameters mentioned above, it became apparent that it is possible to reduce excretion of these trace elements by a judicious escalation in the level of supplementation. The results of the present investigation further revealed that the trace mineral requirement of broiler chickens suggested by the National Research Council may not be optimum to support the maximum growth potential of the high yielding strains, and it is reasonable to consider a review of the current NRC recommendations to meet the needs of the modern birds.

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The consumption of diluted soybean whey containing galacto-oligosaccharides exhibited a prebiotic effect and led to an improved mineral balance, especially for calcium and magnesium.
Abstract: Background Soybean whey, a by-product of tofu manufacturing, is currently discarded by the food industry. However, it contains valuable compounds such as non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO), which promote the growth of beneficial lactic acid bacteria in the colon, and are therefore recognized as prebiotics. Acidic fermentation of NDO in the caecum appears to be related with an increase in mineral absorption.

37 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings confirm previous studies that found low digestibility of nutrients in some old cats, and support evidence that this trend is even more important in less digestible dry foods, and suggest that mineral formulations do not need to be varied in diets for adult cats of different ages.
Abstract: Summary Availability of nutrients is influenced by extremes of age, and a better characterization of this influence is necessary for appropriate development of foods and nutritional management throughout life stages of cats. This study investigated nutrient digestibility, mineral absorption, faeces and urine production in three groups of six young, mature and old cats fed two diets containing different energy densities. Apparent digestibility and mineral absorption were calculated by total collection method and values were tested with anova and regression analysis. A quadratic relationship was detected between age and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, acid-hydrolysed fat and starch in the low-energy diet. Starch digestibility showed the same response in the high-energy diet. Young adult cats had intermediate digestibility, mature cats the highest and old cats the lowest. Mineral absorption (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chloride) and urinary pH were not different among groups. These findings confirm previous studies that found low digestibility of nutrients in some old cats, and support evidence that this trend is even more important in less digestible dry foods. On the contrary, data suggest that mineral formulations do not need to be varied in diets for adult cats of different ages.

28 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of high NaCl and KCl intakes on the apparent absorption of some macrominerals (Mg, Ca, P) by sheep fed formulated high-salt diets or old man saltbush to help identify likely mineral deficiencies was assessed.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It can be concluded that feeding potato fibre stimulates caecal fermentation, improves mineral absorption and does not affect total cholesterol levels, while blood glucose and testosterone concentrations and relative mass of prostate were significantly depressed by the MPF diet in males of Lot W24.
Abstract: Nutritional value of diets containing 10% potato fibre or cellulose (diets MPF and MC, respectively) and their long-term effects on parameters related to potential health benefits were studied in rats. In a first experiment nutrient digestibility and metabolisable energy of the diets were determined. In a second experiment, each diet was fed to 20 male and 20 female rats aged nine weeks old during 12 (Lot W12) or 24 (Lot W24) weeks. Feed intakes per cage and body weight of rats were registered. In all animals organ weight was determined and in animals of Lot W12 and in males of Lot W24 biochemical blood parameters were analysed. In males of Lot W24, caecal SCFA concentration and body composition were also determined. Testosterone blood concentration was determined in males of Lots W12 and W24. Protein and fat digestibilities were lower, while those of ash, crude fibre and NFE were higher in the MPF than the MC diet. The energy value of the MPF diet was greater but energy intake was similar for both diets. Body weight, body protein and fat contents in males of Lot W24 did not differ between the groups, while body ash was significantly greater in MPF than MC rats (2.64 vs. 2.17 g/100 g BW). SCFA concentration and pool were considerably greater in MPF than MC rats, the SCFA profile being similar. Potato fibre did not affect total cholesterol, whereas it decreased triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in Lot W12 of both genders, and tended to decrease them in males of Lot W24. Blood glucose and testosterone concentrations and relative mass of prostate were significantly depressed by the MPF diet in males of Lot W24. It can be concluded that feeding potato fibre stimulates caecal fermentation, improves mineral absorption and does not affect total cholesterol levels. The concentration of lipids, VLDL, glucose and testosterone depended on potato fibre in an age-dependent way.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the increased dietary fiber levels in the MMs increased the mineral levels, and MMs with intermediate and high fiber levels may be used to improve the mineral balance of poor diets.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence of MR development is shown, resulting in various nutritional consequences, and optimisation of pelleting could result in a better formulation of diets for feedstuffs.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of pelleting on the extent of the Maillard reaction (MR) and on calcium, magnesium and zinc solubility and absorption were analysed in a conventional pre-starter diet for suckling piglets. Development was tested measuring colour, absorbance (280/420 nm), fluorescence, residual free lysine, furosine, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural contents before and after pelleting. Fluorescence, absorbance and mineral solubility were also measured after in vitro digestion of diets. The effects on mineral absorption were tested using Caco-2 cells. RESULTS: MR indexes confirmed the development of the reaction during the pelleting of this particular diet compared with the meal diet. The CIE-Lab colour parameters showed a decrease in luminosity (L*) and progress of the colour to the red zone (a*) in the pelleted diet. A 36% decrease in free lysine content was observed. Significant correlations were observed between fluorescence intensity and furosine levels, HMF and furfural. The pelleting process did not modify calcium and magnesium solubility after in vitro digestion, but soluble zinc increased. The efficiency of calcium and zinc transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers was greater in the pelleted diet. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of MR development is shown, resulting in various nutritional consequences. Optimisation of pelleting could result in a better formulation of diets for feedstuffs. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry

Patent
05 Jul 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a good-flavor mineral absorption enhancer which contains, as active ingredients, fermentation products prepared by alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation of extracts or juices of wild grasses, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms and seaweed.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a good-flavor mineral absorption enhancer excellent in mineral absorption property.SOLUTION: The mineral absorption enhancer contains, as active ingredients, fermentation products prepared by alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation of extracts or juices of wild grasses, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, and seaweed. Preferably, the mineral absorption enhancer contains: 60-65 mass% of fermentation products of wild grasses; 0.5-1.0 mass% of fermentation products of vegetables; 30-35 mass% of fermentation products of fruits; 0.1-0.3 mass% of fermentation products of mushrooms; and 0.3-0.5 mass% of fermentation products of seaweed.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of ITF consumption on mineral absorption (Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe and Zn) and balance (Ca and Mg) were evaluated in rats fed control and iron-defi cient diets.
Abstract: In this study, the effects of inulin-type fructans (ITF) consumption on mineral absorption (Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe and Zn) and balance (Ca and Mg) were evaluated in rats fed control and iron-defi cient diets. Each of 24 male Wistar rats (4-wk old) was assigned to 1 of 4 groups derived from 2×2 factorial design with 2 levels of added Fe (0 and 35 mg/kg) and ITF (0 and 100 g/kg) for 33 d. The food intake was determined daily and body weight recorded every two days. Food and demineralized water were offered ad libitum. Feces and urine were quantitatively collected for 5 d from day 23 of the test period, pooled, and stored at -20oC for mineral analysis. ITF consumption increased Ca absorption (P < 0.05) only in non-defi cient rats, whereas Mg absorption was positively affected irrespective of Fe status of the animals. Unexpectedly, Cu absorption was impaired by ITF. Furthermore, Fe defi ciency negatively affected the absorption of Mg and Zn (P < 0.001). In conclusion, ITF consumption positively affected the absorption of Ca and Mg. However, Fe and Zn absorption were unchanged and Cu was negatively affected by ITF supplementation. The effects of ITF consumption on Cu homeostasis is unknown and should be considered in future research


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: D dietary 1P6 could impair mineral status in mink, but may not affect digestibility of energy-yielding nutrients, as observed in other monogastric animals.
Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of dietary phytic acid (IP6) on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of main nutrients and apparent absorption of minerals in mink (Mustela vison). A basal moist diet consisting of fish meal, fish oil and wheat starch was added at different concentrations of soluble sodium phytate, thus obtaining six diets with graded levels of IP6 (0-19.9 g IP6 kg dry matter). Each diet was fed to four adult male mink kept in individual cages. There were no significant effects of 1P6 on the ATTD of crude protein, fat, starch or energy, whereas the apparent absorption of copper and magnesium was significantly reduced with increasing concentration of IP6. Thus, as observed in other monogastric animals, we conclude that dietary 1P6 could impair mineral status in mink, but may not affect digestibility of energy-yielding nutrients.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of feeding a diet containing 5% resistant starch, RS2 (uncooked native) or RS3 (cooked and retrograded) on calc- cium absorption and bone mineral status was studied in growing male rats for 4 weeks.
Abstract: Nondigestible oligosaccharides may increase mineral absorption by changing the intestinal environment. The effect of feeding a diet containing 5% resistant starch, RS2 (uncooked native) or RS3, (cooked and retrograded) on cal- cium absorption and bone mineral status was studied in growing male rats for 4 weeks. Almost 100g more feed was con- sumed with resistant starch compared to control in four weeks. Mineral status improved as determined by femur concen- tration, but not through absorption. Mineral content of femurs increased 12, 10 and 9% for Ca, Mg and Zn respectively, while Fe decreased 23% after feeding RS3, but not RS2, compared with the control group. There was no increase in the percent retention for any of the tested minerals. 45 Ca absorption capacity was not affected by either resistant starch. We conclude that resistant starches improve mineral status possibly through increased food consumption, but not through in- creased absorption efficiency. potato and high amylose starch, were compared at the same level and fed to rats for 7 days (12), no differences were found in calcium and magnesium absorption. Cecal concen- trations of calcium, potassium, and phosphate, but not of magnesium, were significantly increased in rats fed either 25% or 50% amylose-rich starch, 10% lactulose or 10% pec- tin compared to the control (13). The cecal pool of all these minerals was increased in a dose-dependent manner with the 25% and 50% amylose. All of the studies cited above used high levels of resistant starch (15 to 50%) and some (9,10) used higher levels of dietary calcium (up to 0.75%). The calcium requirement for rats is 0.5%. It is likely that any effect of calcium-absorption enhancers would be dampened above this level. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of two resistant starches, high amylose resistant cornstarch containing 60% resistant starch (RS2) and a high amylomaize retrograded resistant cornstarch containing 55% resistant starch (RS3), at 5% by weight on calcium absorption, mineral balance and bone mineral concentration in rats fed a 0.5% calcium diet.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, two commercial phytase preparations were used: Optiphos and Natuphos at a dose of 0.01 % to evaluate age-related changes in nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium utilization in growing and fattening male castrated hybrid pigs.
Abstract: Five balance feeding trials were performed to evaluate age-related changes in nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium utilization in growing and fattening male castrated DanBred hybrid pigs. Two commercial phytase preparations were used: Optiphos and Natuphos at a dose of 0.01 %. It was found out that with age, the amount of dietary nitrogen intake and nitrogen output in urine increased statistically significantly (P<0,05). The total nitrogen output was also higher. The retention of nitrogen decreased substantially with age. The supplementation of rations with phytase did not alter this tendency. Phytase added to feed improved phosphorus absorption by 28-34 % and reduced its total output by 38-45 %. The digestibility of calcium in pigs decreased with age, whereas its output in faeces became higher. There was no statistically significant difference between the effects of Optiphos and Natuphos.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results support the current U.S. recommended intakes for 1–4-y-old children for Mg and Fe, but suggest that those for Ca and Zn are too low.
Abstract: Mineral requirements in young children are poorly understood, and current recom- mendations rely heavily on data collected in older children or adults. Our objectives were to assess the relationship between mineral (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu) intake in young U.S. chil- dren, and mineral absorption, excretion, and retention; and to use these data to re-examine the most recent recommended intakes. Thirty children, 1-4 y old, were studied on their usual diet. After 7 d of home adaptation they were admitted for either a 2-d or 5-d metabolic study where multiple stable isotope or Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu were administered and mineral ab- sorption (2-d study), or absorption and excretion (5-d study) were assessed. Fractional (%) absorption of some (Ca, Mg) but not all (Fe, Zn) minerals decreased as intake increased. Absolute (total) absorption and net retention of all the minerals increased as their intake in- creased. Mineral homeostasis was related to changes in fractional absorption (Ca and Mg), fecal excretion (Zn), or whole body mineral status (Fe). Our results support the current U.S. recommended intakes for 1-4-y-old children for Mg and Fe, but suggest that those for Ca and Zn are too low.