scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Mineral absorption published in 2013"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: With increased understanding of mineral uptake and transport mechanisms in plants, it is becoming ever more possible to engineer biofortified crop plants with the ultimate goal of overcoming hidden hunger.
Abstract: More than 60% of the world population suffers from iron deficiency, and over 30% of the global population has zinc deficiency. Micronutrient deficiency leads to compromised health and economic losses and is prevalent in populations depending on non-diversified plant-based diets. Increasing mineral content of staple food crops through biofortification is the most feasible strategy of combating micronutrient malnutrition. Additionally, it will also enhance the agronomic efficiency of crops on mineral poor soils. A multipronged strategy towards enhancing mineral content of cereal grains should involve increased uptake of minerals from soil, enhanced partitioning towards grain and improved sequestration in the edible tissues of grains. At the same time, it is essential to improve mineral absorption in vivo from cereal-based diets. Both conventional and modern breeding approaches and genetic engineering are being employed for biofortification of crop plants. With increased understanding of mineral uptake and transport mechanisms in plants, it is becoming ever more possible to engineer biofortified crop plants with the ultimate goal of overcoming hidden hunger.

86 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although altered intestinal permeability may reduce dietary Zn absorption, it likely does not undermine the efficacy of Zn supplementation, given the large increases in PZC following short-term Zn supplements observed in this study, even among those with increased urinary L:M recovery ratios.
Abstract: Objectives Subclinical environmental enteropathy is associated with malabsorption of fats, carbohydrates, and vitamins A, B12 and folate; however, little information is available on mineral absorption. We therefore investigated the relationship between intestinal mucosal function (measured by the lactulose:mannitol permeability test and plasma citrulline concentration), and zinc absorption, as estimated by the change in plasma zinc concentration (PZC) following short-term zinc or placebo supplementation.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: All DIFs may be beneficial to greenhouse or field grown Solanaceous vegetable producers, by controlling the vegetative growth which will facilitate the crop management, with no limitations on uptake rates of mineral nutrients which are required to determine yield and fruit quality.
Abstract: A plot experiment was carried out to determine the plant growth and mineral composition of three Solanaceous fruit vegetables for the responses to diurnal temperature alternations. Eggplant, sweet pepper, and tomato were grown in four phytotrons with diurnal temperature fluctuations between day and night temperatures (DIF) set constantly 12 hours day and night of 15/25°C, 17.5/22.5°C, 20/20°C, 25/15°C, and in a plastic-house as a control with average air temperature of 31.3°C at day-time and 19.1°C at night-time. After six weeks of cultivation, the growth of three tested crops as reflected in leaf dry weight, plant height, stem dry weight and root dry weight were significantly reduced by a negative DIF of 15/25°C compared to other DIF treatments and the control. In contrast to the growth parameters, a positive effect was observed on the average mineral absorption in all three crops. A negative DIF of 15/25°C increased Ca, K, and Mg content in the fruit, root, and stem of eggplant and tomato. The results suggest that all DIFs may be beneficial to greenhouse or field grown Solanaceous vegetable producers, by controlling the vegetative growth which will facilitate the crop management, with no limitations on uptake rates of mineral nutrients which are required to determine yield and fruit quality.

19 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Recent research in cells, animals, and humans has demonstrated that kiwifruit, particularly the gold variety, can increase the uptake and retention of the essential dietary minerals iron, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.
Abstract: Dietary minerals are essential nutrients that drive key cellular and physiological functions. Each mineral is absorbed in the gut via unique, complex pathways that can involve a cascade of receptors and binding proteins. Foods can both provide dietary minerals and contain components that impact the bioavailability of minerals in the digestive system. Kiwifruit exceeds most other fruits in its content of key micronutrients including potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron, and folate. It also contains exceedingly high levels of ascorbic acid, which increases the bioavailability of nonheme iron and can impact on calcium absorption. Recent research in cells, animals, and humans has demonstrated that kiwifruit, particularly the gold variety, can increase the uptake and retention of the essential dietary minerals iron, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.

12 citations



Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Dairy supplementation with GOS in rats has been associated with improved bone mineral content during growth, reduced losses of BMC and bone mineral density after ovariectomy, and increased cecal content weight and preliminary results in adolescents show that GOS increases fractional calcium absorption.
Abstract: Adolescence presents an opportune time to influence peak bone mass with prebiotic agents like galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) that increase calcium absorption in the large intestine. Previous literature has helped elucidate the mechanisms by which prebiotics elicit their response which involves decreased luminal pH following bacterial fermentation. In addition to improved mineral absorption, dietary supplementation with GOS in rats has been associated with improved bone mineral content (BMC) during growth, reduced losses of BMC and bone mineral density (BMD) after ovariectomy, and increased cecal content weight. Similar bone-sparing results have been seen in postmenopausal women, while preliminary results in adolescents show that GOS increases fractional calcium absorption. This effect may be mediated by bacterial fermentation in the colon as bifidobacteria content of the feces was increased after GOS consumption. Further work is needed to fully elucidate the intestinal mechanism and understand the long-term effects of GOS consumption.

4 citations


31 May 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between copper and zinc content in the soil and plants and their consequent content in blood and excrements of cattle and sheep while various forms of breeding was investigated.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to explain the relationship between copper and zinc content in the soil and plants and their consequent content in blood and excrements of cattle and sheep while various forms of breeding. Apart from the Cu and Zn concentration in the soil samples we were investigating also the concentrations of the elements Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, Mn and Mo. In excrements and feeding rations the concentration of copper and zinc were investigated. Beef cows and heifers (143) without the market milk production, dairy cows and heifers (182) with the market milk production and sheep (191) were included in the project. Altogether 325 blood (excrement) samples were collected and examined. The relations between haematological indicators and copper and zinc metabolism appear more often in animals (cows, heifers, sheep) with nonconventional way of farming and it is impacted by many the impact of an antagonistic influence of elements than in dairy animals. The results also show the necessity of the controlling of the supplementation with the mineral elements accumulation in the soil samples, plants and organism.

3 citations


01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Alternanthera was found to be more active in mineral absorption than Euphorbia leading to predominant growth in various areas forming monothickets, and showed strong positive correlation with their % frequency distribution in area exhibiting competitive advantage over natives through accelerated mineral uptake.
Abstract: The successful plant invaders have profound multitude effects on different aspects like soil properties, mineral nutrient cycling, soil organic matter dynamics, productivity and ecosystem functioning. Invaders become idiosyncratic causing effects on native plant communities as a consequence of their higher ability for acquiring soil nutrients. To test this hypothesis, Alternanthera (ALT) and Euphorbia are chosen since these species are found to be fast spreading and high density plants commonly observed in semiarid soils. The analysis of mineral nutrients from these plants indicated that the capacity for nutrient absorption is higher than a native (ACH) that leads to their luxuriant growth. Voracious uptake of minerals like K + (1640.0 ppm), Ca 2+ (910.78 ppm), PO4 3- (138.4 ppm) Mg 2+ (605.5 ppm) is observed for ALT while ACH exhibited lesser uptake (1.80 ppm, 62.66 ppm, 5.00 ppm and 312.0 ppm respectively) for these nutrients. Moreover, rhizosphere soil analysis also indicated that these plants efficiently absorb large amount of nutrients due to their better biosorption tendency. Alternanthera was found to be more active in mineral absorption than Euphorbia leading to predominant growth in various areas forming monothickets. It also showed strong positive correlation with their % frequency distribution in area exhibiting competitive advantage over natives through accelerated mineral uptake.

2 citations


DissertationDOI
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the impacts of high dietary S on diet digestibility and macro and micro mineral absorption and retention, and determined the effect of supplementing a rumen-protected vitamin C during the entire finishing period of steers on growth performance, trace mineral status, antioxidant capacity, carcass characteristics, and meat quality.
Abstract: The incorporation of ethanol industry co-products, such as dried distillers grains plus solubles, to feedlot diets in the United States may be inadvertently exposing cattle to high amounts of dietary sulfur. High sulfur diets have repeatedly been reported to decrease growth and carcass performance, health, and copper status; however, little to no information is available concerning the implications that high sulfur diets have on the antioxidant capacity or meat quality of cattle. Thus, the subsequent research trials were designed to: 1) examine the impacts of high dietary S on diet digestibility and macro and micro mineral absorption and retention, 2) determine the effect of supplementing a rumen-protected vitamin C during the entire finishing period of steers on growth performance, trace mineral status, antioxidant capacity, carcass characteristics, and meat quality, 3) determine the optimal dose of supplemental vitamin C within a high sulfur diet on growth performance, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics, and meat quality, and 4) identify the influence of timing of vitamin C supplementation during the finishing period on growth performance, plasma vitamin C and glutathione concentrations, and carcass characteristics. Within our first research objective, the consumption of a high sulfur diet for at least 28 days decreased copper, manganese, and zinc retention in steers. These trace minerals are components of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting a lesser availability of these minerals may decrease antioxidant capacity of the animal. Within our second research objective, supplementing vitamin C (10 g per steer per day) to calf-fed steers consuming a high sulfur (0.55%) diet for 149 days prevented a decline in circulating ascorbate throughout the finishing period and increased marbling scores from high Select to low Choice compared to the high sulfur, non-vitamin C supplemented steers. The inclusion of vitamin C to the high sulfur diet prevented the ratio of oxidized-to-reduced