Showing papers on "Mineral absorption published in 2021"

Mitigation of salinity stress by exogenous application of cytokinin in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

Abstract: Soil salinity limits agricultural land use and crop productivity, thereby a major threat to global food safety. Plants treated with several phytohormones including cytokinins were recently proved as a powerful tool to enhance plant’s adaptation against various abiotic stresses. The current study was designed to investigate the potential role of 6-benzyladenine (BA) to improve broad bean (Vicia faba L.) salinity tolerance. The salt-stressed broad bean plantlets were classified into two groups, one of which was sprayed with water and another was sprayed with 200 ppm of BA. Foliar applications of BA to salt-exposed plants promoted the growth performance which was evidenced by enhanced root-shoot fresh and dry biomass. Reduced proline was strongly connected to the enhanced soluble proteins and free amino acids contents, protecting plant osmotic potential following BA treatment in salt-stressed broad bean. BA balanced entire mineral homeostasis and improved mineral absorption and translocation from roots to shoots, shoots to seeds and roots to seeds in salt-stressed plants. Excessive salt accumulation increased malondialdehyde level in leaves creating oxidative stress and disrupting cell membrane whereas BA supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation and improved oxidative defence. BA spray to salinity-stressed plants also compensated oxidative damage by boosting antioxidants defence mechanisms, as increased the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. Moreover, clustering heatmap and principal component analysis revealed that mineral imbalances, osmotic impairments and increased oxidative damage were the major contributors to salts toxicity, on the contrary, BA-augmented mineral homeostasis and higher antioxidant capacity were the reliable markers for creating salinity stress tolerance in broad bean. In conclusion, the exogenous application of BA alleviated the antagonistic effect of salinity and possessed broad bean to positively regulate the osmoprotectants, ion homeostasis, antioxidant activity and finally plant growth and yield, perhaps suggesting these easily-accessible and eco-friendly organic compounds could be powerful tools for the management of broad bean growth as well as the development of plant resiliency in saline prone soils.

Diet supplemented either with dried chicory root or chicory inulin significantly influence kidney and liver mineral content and antioxidative capacity in growing pigs.

Abstract: According to the Regulation No. 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and European Union Council, the use of antibiotics as a dietary supplements has been prohibited. It seems that the administration of prebiotics, instead of antibiotics, into the pig's diet, may regulate the intestinal microbiota and has a long-term health-related impact on the host. Inulin-type fructans can stimulate mineral absorption from the gut. Additionally, it may regulate energy metabolism and activate enzymatic mechanisms preventing oxidative stress. The goal of the present study was to estimate the influence of dietary supplementation with dried chicory root or native chicory inulin on 1) liver histology; 2) liver and kidney lipid metabolism indices, activity of selected enzymes, concentration of macro- and micronutrients and heavy metals; 3) blood plasma, liver and kidney oxidative stress biomarkers and 4) blood plasma water-electrolyte homeostasis indices in growing pigs. The nutritional study was conducted on 24 piglets assigned to 3 dietary groups (n = 8): control (C) fed a basal diet and two experimental groups receiving basal diet supplemented with 2% of inulin (IN) either 4% of dried chicory root (CR). The animals were fed with a group-specific diets for 40 days and then subjected to euthanasia. Subsequently, blood, liver and kidney samples were harvested for further processing. In the control and experimental groups, no apparent morphological abnormalities in the liver tissues were seen. The percent of periodic acid Schiff positive glycogen liver cells was significantly lower in the CR group as compared to C and IN groups (P < 0.001). Chicory root supplementation improved blood plasma prooxidative-antioxidative balance - PAB (P < 0.001) and liver PAB (P < 0.01) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (P < 0.05). Feeding the CR diet increased calcium (P < 0.001) and potassium (P < 0.05) and decreased cadmium (P ≥ 0.05) content in the liver when compared to the C group. Administration of the CR and IN diets increased selenium (Se) and sodium concentrations, whereas decreased zinc content both in the liver (P < 0.01; P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively) and in the kidney (P < 0.01; P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) of pigs. Additionally, a higher concentration of lead (P < 0.05) was observed in the kidney of pigs fed the CR diet. In conclusion, both dietary supplements had a potential to significantly improve the Se status and oxidoreductive homeostasis in growing pigs.

High levels of copper and zinc supplementation in broiler diets on growth performance, carcase traits and apparent ileal mineral absorption.

Abstract: 1. This study investigated the effects of hydroxy trace minerals (HTM) compared to sulphate trace minerals (STM) supplementation on growth performance, carcase parameters and mineral retention in broilers.2. A total of 1792 male Cobb 500 d-old were allocated in a completely randomised trial design to one of eight dietary treatments with eight replicates per treatment. The HTM sources used were two levels of Cu hydroxychloride (CHC) (low and high), combined with three levels of Zn hydroxychloride (ZHC) (low, med and high) and two additional treatments STM; Cu sulphate monohydrate (CSM) (low and high) combined with high Zn sulphate monohydrate (ZSM). At 21 and 42 d-old growth performance was evaluated. Additionally, at 42 d-old the carcase traits, meat quality, apparent ileal absorption and activity of antioxidant enzymes were accessed.3. A data showed that broilers receiving high-CHC had higher body weight, weight gain and better feed conversion ratio as compared to low-CHC at 21 d-old. On day 42, the feed conversion ratio was improved for birds supplemented with high-CHC in diets containing med-ZHC, as compared to low-CHC.4. Dietary Cu increased the redness of breast colour at the level of high-CHC compared to low-CHC. Greater results were observed on carcase traits for the med-ZHC group as compared to low- or high-ZHC. The ceruloplasmin activity in serum increased in the high-CSM diets containing high-ZSM as compared to low-CSM. The AIA of Cu was higher in broilers supplemented with high-CHC containing med-ZHC as compared to low-CHC. Otherwise, the AIA of Zn increased in broilers fed low-CHC containing low- or med-ZHC as compared to high-CHC.5. The trial showed that mineral trace supplementation of broilers diets with high-CHC (150 mg/kg) and low-ZHC (80 mg/kg) was a good alternative to replace sulphate mineral sources in diets.

In vitro bioaccessibility of minerals in fortified infant foods and correlation between mineral absorption facilitators and inhibitors

Abstract: The aim of this work was evaluate the in vitro bioaccessibility of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in lactea cereal flour, infant cereal, milk powder, and chocolate powder and assessed the correlation between mineral absorption facilitators and inhibitors. The total mineral concentration and in vitro bioaccessibility were quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In vitro bioaccessibility assays were performed using three sequential steps to simulate salivary, gastric and intestinal digestion. The mineral absorption facilitators and inhibitors determined were total dietary fiber, phytic acid, ascorbic acid, and calcium contents. The total mineral content analysis showed that Fe was present in the highest concentration, whereas Zn had the highest bioaccessible content in the evaluated samples. Correlation data showed that phytates, Ca, and Fe can inhibit mineral absorption, whereas ascorbic acid may enhance absorption. Thus, the proper choice of the fortifying agent and study of the food matrix are key to increasing micronutrient bioaccessibility.

Performance and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Diet Containing Incremental Sodium Humate

Abstract: Problems relating to reduced performance owing to mineral deficiencies in grazing animals and oxidative stress occasioned by changing weather condition can be addressed through strategic mineral supplementation and improving antioxidant capacity of the animals. A 97-day trial was designed to assess the performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed diets with incremental levels of sodium humate. Thirty (30) WAD bucks of ages between 10-15 months were used for this study. The bucks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments containing 0, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 g/kg diet of sodium humate laid out as completely randomized design. Data on weight changes, dry matter concentrate intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), nutrient digestibility and rate of mineral absorption were obtained and statistically analysed using the generalized linear model (GLM) of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 23). Results revealed that sodium humate supplementation improved (p <0.05) weight gain, FCR, mineral (Zn, Cu, Mn and Na) absorption and nutrient (dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ash, ether extracts (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF)) digestibility. Supplementation of sodium humate decreased concentrate intake (p <0.05). After 30 days of sodium humate supplementation, malondialdehyde (MDA) increased (p <0.05) at higher levels, glutathione peroxidase also increased up to the level of 7.5 g/kg diet sodium humate and then decreased in subsequent levels, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) observed to decrease (p <0.05). However, at 90 days of sodium humate supplementation, MDA, nitric oxide (NO) and bilirubin decreased (p <0.05) while albumin and uric acid increased (p <0.05).Conclusively, up to 12.5 g/kg diet supplementation of sodium humate sufficiently enhanced performance of WAD goats while also improving their antioxidant capacity.