Miscibility

About: Miscibility is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5521 publications have been published within this topic receiving 133547 citations. The topic is also known as: miscible.

Characteristics of hydroxybenzoic acid‐ethylene terephthalate copolymers and their blends with polystyrene, polycarbonate, and polyethylene terephthalate

Abstract: We present a basic study of the thermal, dielectric, Theological, and mechanical properties of hydroxybenzoic acid-ethylene terephthalate copolymers (PHB-PET). It is argued that they have two-phase structures, one rich in ethylene terephthalate (PET) and one rich in hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB). Polystyrene (PS) is immiscible in 60% PHB-PET (60-PHB-PET) blends. Polycarbonate (PC) is partially miscible with the high PET phase of 60-PHB-PET. PET seems completely miscible with this high PET phase. Shear viscosity measurements on blends indicate that 60-PHB-PET gives rise to large reductions of viscosity. Extrudates and melt-spun fibers have been prepared. The phase morphologies of low PHB-PET blends as determined by scanning electron microscopy indicate ellipsoids or long fibrils of the, 60-PHB-PET in PS or PC matrices. High extrusion rates and melt spinning produce fibrillar structures. The mechanical properties of films, extrudates, and melt-spun fibers were studied. Blends with 10% 60-PHB-PET exhibited significant increases in Young's modulus and tensile strength.

Analysis of the Structure-Properties Relationships of Different Multiphase Systems Based on Plasticized Poly(Lactic Acid)

Abstract: Poly(lactic acid) is one of the most promising biobased and biodegradable polymers for food packaging, an application which requires good mechanical and barrier properties. In order to improve the mechanical properties, in particular the flexibility, PLA plasticization is required. However, plasticization induces generally a decrease in the barrier properties. Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) and poly(ethylene glycol) 300 (PEG), highly recommended as plasticizers for PLA, were added up to 17 wt% in P(D,L)LA. In the case of PEG, a phase separation was observed for plasticizer contents higher than 5 wt%. Contrary to PEG, the Tg decrease due to ATBC addition, modelled with Fox’s law, and the absence of phase separation, up to 17 wt% of plasticizer, confirm the miscibility of PLA and ATBC. Contents equal or higher than 13 wt% of ATBC yielded a substantial improvement of the elongation at break, becoming higher than 300%. The effect of PLA plasticization on the barrier properties was assessed by different molecules, with increasing interaction with the formulated material, such as helium, an inert gas, and oxygen and water vapour. In comparison to the neat sample, barrier properties against helium were maintained when PLA was plasticized with up to 17 wt% of ATBC. The oxygen permeability coefficient and the water vapour transmission rate doubled for mixtures with 17 wt% ATBC in PLA, but increased five-fold in the PEG plasticized samples. This result is most likely caused by increased solubility of oxygen and water in the PEG phase due to their mutual miscibility. To conclude, ATBC increases efficiently the elongation at break of PLA while maintaining the permeability coefficient of helium and keeping the barrier properties against oxygen and water vapour in the same order of magnitude.

Determination of gas-oil miscibility conditions by interfacial tension measurements.

Abstract: Processes that inject gases such as carbon dioxide and natural gas have long been and still continue to be used for recovering crude oil from petroleum reservoirs. It is well known that the interfacial tension between the injected gas and the crude oil has a major influence on the efficiency of displacement of oil by gas. When the injected gas becomes miscible with the crude oil, which means that there is no interface between the injected and displaced phases or the interfacial tension between them is zero, the oil is displaced with maximum efficiency, resulting in high recoveries. This paper presents experimental measurements of interfacial tension between crude oil and natural gases (using a computerized drop shape analysis technique) as a function of pressure and gas composition at the temperature of the reservoir from which the crude oil was obtained. The point of zero interfacial tension was then identified from these measurements by extrapolation of data to determine minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) and minimum miscibility composition (MMC). The gas–oil miscibility conditions thus obtained from interfacial tension measurements have been compared with the more conventional techniques using slim-tube tests and rising-bubble apparatus as well as predictive correlations and visual observations. The miscibility pressures obtained from the new VIT technique were 3–5% higher than those from visual observations and agreed well with the slim-tube results as well as with the correlations at enrichment levels greater than 30 mol% C2+ in the injected gas stream. The rising bubble apparatus yielded significantly higher MMPs. This study demonstrates that the VIT technique is rapid, reproducible, and quantitative, in addition to providing visual evidence of gas–oil miscibility.

Deuteration effects on the miscibility and phase separation kinetics of polymer blends

Abstract: Influence de la deuteriation du polystyrene dans le melange polystyrene hydrogene/poly(methyl vinyl ether)