Modernization theory

About: Modernization theory is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14641 publications have been published within this topic receiving 232469 citations.

Living Islam: Muslim Religious Experience in Pakistan's North-West Frontier

Abstract: Winner of American Institute of Pakistan Studies Book Prize (2008). Living Islam is both a “classically” ethnographic and vividly fresh study of intellectual and moral life in Chitral that successfully highlights the cultural,intellectual and moral strategies Chitralis resort to in order to negotiate the stresses and challenges of modernization and the Islamist-inspired volatile political situation surrounding their region. What is remarkable is that Marsden manages to bring the ideas and self-representations of the Rowshanis out so plausibly and uncomplicatedly. While there are many studies of the Islamist challenge to traditional Muslim societies, few have looked beyond the national or state level and the urban milieu. By situating his work in small towns and villages in an ethnically and religiously diverse region, and by trying to understand and explain the ways in which rural people use their cultural resources to intellectually and morally engage with serious, and often dangerous and violent, geo-political phenomena, Marsden has produced a study that is not only relevant to anthropologists but also political scientists and those interested in political Islam.

Management in developing countries

Abstract: Part 1 Managing organizations in developing country environment: macro-level perspectives. Part 2 Strategic development organizations: some behavioural properties, Pradip N.Khandwalla. Part 3 Managing structural adjustment in developing countries: an organizational perspective, Moses Kiggundu. Part 4 Organizational life-cycle and effectiveness criteria in state owned enterprises: the case of East Africa, Jan J.Jorgensen. Part 5 Leadership and strategy making for institution building and innovation: the case of a Brazilian University, Cynthia Hardy. Part 6 Organization and culture in developing countries: a configurational model, Fritz Rieger and Durhane Wong-Rieger. Part 7 Limitations of Western techniques in the management of organizations in developing countries. Part 8 The applicability of Western management techniques in developing countries: a cultural perspective, Alfred M.Jaeger. Part 9 Limitations to the application of sociotechnical systems in developing countries, Moses Kiggundu. Part 10 Will China adopt Western management pratices?, Shirley C.Zhuang. Part 11 Indian organizations: value dilemmas in managerial roles, Indira Parikh and Pulin Garg. Part 12 Developing indigenous perspectives: work motivation and organizational leadership in developing countries. Part 13 Work alienation in developing countries: Western models and Eastern realities, Rabindra N.Kanungo. Part 14 Holistic strategies for worker disalienation in developing countries, K.M.Srinivas. Part 15 Managing people for productivity in developing countries, Manuel Mendonca and Rabindra N.Kanungo. Part 16 Model of effective leadership styles in India, J.B.P.Sinha. Part 17 Management of development in other cultures: ideology and leadership, Sitakant Mahapatra. Part 18 Managing political modernization: charismatic leadership in developing countries, James Woycke.

Land Transfer and the Pursuit of Agricultural Modernization in China

Abstract: Agriculture, countryside and peasantry have been priority concerns of the Chinese government, with land and agriculture being the most crucial. With a growing population, less arable land and often relatively low quality land, Chinese peasant agriculture has been undergoing a form of modernization. While peasants enjoy land contract rights as a result of the Household Responsibility System (HRS), the state has been promoting transfer of land use rights in order to promote modern agriculture. This paper seeks to understand recent developments in land and agriculture, particularly exploring the transitions of land and agricultural institutions since 1949 and land transfers since the HRS. In so doing, this paper reveals that the state has been strategically responding to various challenges in order that land institutions and policies are always geared to achieving agricultural modernization. During the state’s continual drive for modernizations, particularly agricultural modernization, peasants’ livelihood is impacted and needs to be protected.

Urbanization and Underdevelopment: A Global Study of Modernization, Urban Bias, and Economic Dependency

Abstract: The causes and effects of 3rd World urbanization have been addressed in theories of modernization urban bias and economic dependency but no single cross-national study has tested the arguments advanced by all 3 theories This paper uses panel regression analysis to assess the validity of the 3 perspectives in 61 underdeveloped countries between 1960 and 1980 The modernization theory asserts that industrial employment attracts people to urban areas where they work in modern-sector employment that facilitates national economic expansion The urban bias theory posits that the disparity in welfare between country and city increases rural-to-urban migration and thereby expands both urbanization and service/informal employment Dependency and world-system arguments assert that foreign investment promotes both urbanization and service/informal labor with foreign investment in agriculture pushing farmers townward and foreign investment in urban manufacturing pulling them there Results suggest that underdeveloped nations are experiencing a gradual transition from an agrarian to a service and informal economy a transformation that impedes economic expansion Unfavorable agricultural conditions alone will not push rural citizens to urban areas 2 theories help explain the relationship between relatives urbanization and economic growth If future studies of urbanization and underdevelopment are going to be useful then they must transcend current theoretical and ideological particularism