scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Modernization theory

About: Modernization theory is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14641 publications have been published within this topic receiving 232469 citations.


Papers
More filters
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine how globalization and increasing urbanization have impacted on the management of municipal solid waste sector in Africa and more particularly in Cameroon using the cases of Bamenda and Yaounde cities.
Abstract: Introduction Globalization, which according to Horst et al. (2001), implies a strong cultural, technological and especially economic interconnection between people and countries, has been widely promoted as a process, which will improve the well being of both the developed and developing worlds. For the developing world in particular, globalization is seen as an economic transformation, a break through to poverty alleviation, and inflation reduction thus expected to help narrow the gap between the two worlds as well as between and within individual nations. It is rightfully argued that globalization brings opportunities for many cities, especially those that can be key centres for production, distribution and services for liberalizing economies. However, increasing evidence suggests that globalization is also creating an increasingly unequal world in terms of distribution of incomes, assets and economic power. While some few countries and their cities are incorporated into it, others are bypassed or excluded. Some are incorporated but at huge social costs. Globalization has raised some troubling concerns for the developing world, including Africa. One such concern is its impact on urbanization and the ramifications that go with it. Cities are traditionally engines of social modernization and economic growth and at the same time the theatres in which globalization stages its actions. For Africa this has meant fueling the already unprecedented urban growth phenomenon and increasing the challenges that go with it. One key challenge is the management of municipal solid waste. Globalization has been identified as playing a negative role in solid waste management in African cities. Impacts include the transfer of globalized or internationalized waste management methods and ideologies together with an increased volume and variety of waste, resulting from increased flows of goods and services, and changed life style and consumption patterns; conflicting involvement of multi-national companies with local initiative groups, city and national government in waste management matters and other issues which directly or indirectly affect the waste sector. The paper attempts to examine how globalization and increasing urbanization have impacted on the management of municipal solid waste sector in Africa and more particularly in Cameroon using the cases of Bamenda and Yaounde cities. After defining globalization and situating Africa in the global scene, the urbanization process is reviewed as the theatre of globalization. The globalized African cities and waste management are then examined, trailing the stages of waste management. In conclusion, the paper suggests some solutions to current waste management problems.

167 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1998-Voluntas
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the negative effects of modernization and individualization on volunteering and the positive effects of volunteering on social capital and public discourse, and find that involvement in voluntary associations is conducive to social cohesion and political democracy.
Abstract: Involvement in voluntary associations is analyzed from the perspective of questions raised in the debate about civil society. After demarcating the concept of civil society in relation to the community, the market, and the state, expectations are formulated about the negative effects of modernization and individualization on volunteering and the positive effects of volunteering on social capital and public discourse. World Values 1990 data are used for inter- and intranational analyses. Neither rankings of thirteen Western nations nor in-depth analyses of the U.S., the Netherlands, and Italy support worried reflections about the effects of modernization. The Idea that involvement in voluntary associations is conducive to social cohesion and political democracy finds empirical support. Both mere membership of an association and actual volunteering within such an association appear to be important in this respect.

165 citations

MonographDOI
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this article, Donald Inglehart tested the 'Clash of Civilizations' Thesis, Pippa Norriss and RonaldInglehart Is there an Islamic Civilization? Yilmaz Esmer The Worldviews of Islamic Publics: The Cases pf Egypt, Iran and Jordan, Mansoor Moaddel and Taqhi Azadarmaki Gender Equality and Democracy, Ronald Ingle Hart, PPPa Norris and Christian Welzel Value Priorities in Israeli Society: An Examination of Inglebeck's Theory of Modernization and Cultural Variation,
Abstract: Notes on contributors Introduction, Ronald Inglehart Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the 'Clash of Civilizations' Thesis, Pippa Norriss and Ronald Inglehart Is there an Islamic Civilization? Yilmaz Esmer The Worldviews of Islamic Publics: The Cases pf Egypt, Iran and Jordan, Mansoor Moaddel and Taqhi Azadarmaki Gender Equality and Democracy, Ronald Inglehart, Pippa Norris and Christian Welzel Value Priorities in Israeli Society: An Examination of Inglehart's Theory of Modernization and Cultural Variation, Ephraim Yuchtman-Ya'ar Social Relations and Social Capital in Vietnam: Findings from the 2001 World Values Survey, Russel J Dalton, Pham Minh Hac, Pham Thanh Nghi and Nhu-Ngoc T Ong Authority Orientations and Political Support: A Cross-national Analysis of Satisfaction with Governments and Democracy, Neil Nevitte and Mebs Kanji Revising the Value Shift Hypothesis: A Descriptive Analysis of South Africa's Value Priorities between 1990 and 2001, Hennie Kotze and Karin Lombard Individual Values and Global Governance: A Comparative Analysis of Orientations towards the United Nations, Thorleif Petterson Two contradictory Hyptheses on Globalization: Societal Convergence or Civilization Differentiation and Clash, Juan Diez-Nicholas Corruption and Democracy: A Cultural Assessment, Alejandro Moreno Index

165 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article examined three prominent but competing hypotheses about the source of political values in the post-Soviet societies: historically derived political culture, regime indoctrination and the effects of societal modernization, and found that those citizens most likely to hold values supportive of democracy are those who are less favourable to Soviet-era values and less convinced of the primacy of the need for social and political order.
Abstract: Employing data from three surveys of mass opinion conducted in Lithuania, Ukraine and European Russia during 1990, 1991 and 1992, we examine three prominent but competing hypotheses about the source of political values in the post-Soviet societies: historically derived political culture, regime indoctrination and the effects of societal modernization. The literature on Soviet political culture argues that Russian mass values are distinguished by authoritarianism and love of order, values which will be largely shared by Ukrainians, especially East Ukrainians, whereas Lithuanian society would not evince this pattern. Our data do not support this hypothesis. We then examine acceptance of Soviet era norms, both political and economic. We do not find support for the argument that regime indoctrination during the Soviet period produced a set of ideologically derived values throughout the former Soviet Union and across a series of generations. The third hypothesis – that industrialization, urbanization, war and changing educational opportunities shaped the formative experiences of succeeding generations in the Soviet societies and, therefore, their citizens' values – receives the most support: in each of the three societies, differences in political values across age groups, places of residence and levels of education are noteworthy. The variations in political values we find across demographic groupings help us to understand the level of pro-democratic values in each society. We find that in Russia and Ukraine more support for democracy can be found among urban, better educated respondents than among other groups. In Lithuania, the urban and better educated respondents evince pro-democratic values at about the same level as their counterparts in Russia and Ukraine, but Lithuanian farmers and blue-collar workers support democracy at a level closer to urban, white-collar Lithuanians than to their Russian and Ukrainian counterparts. In all three societies, those citizens most likely to hold values supportive of democracy are those who are less favourable to Soviet-era values and less convinced of the primacy of the need for social and political ‘order’. Those who desire strong leadership, however, tend to have more democratic values, not more authoritarian ones.

165 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Ideology
54.2K papers, 1.1M citations
86% related
Government
141K papers, 1.9M citations
84% related
Sustainable development
101.4K papers, 1.5M citations
82% related
Globalization
81.8K papers, 1.7M citations
82% related
Politics
263.7K papers, 5.3M citations
80% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20231,630
20223,824
2021370
2020573
2019604