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Modernization theory
About: Modernization theory is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14641 publications have been published within this topic receiving 232469 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present quantitative, sociological models designed to account for cross-national variation in infant mortality rates, considering variables linked to four different theoretical perspectives: economic modernization, social modernization, political modernization, and dependency perspectives.
153 citations
TL;DR: A critical theory of world risk society must address at least three questions: (1) What is the basis of the critique? What is critical about this critical theory? (2) What are the key theses and core arguments of this theory?(3) To what extent does this theory break with the automatisms of modernization and globalization which have taken on a life of their own and rediscover the openness of human action to the future at the beginning of the 21st century political perspectives, cosmopolitan alternatives?
Abstract: A critical theory of world risk society must address at least three questions: (1) What is the basis of the critique? What is “critical” about this critical theory? (The question of the normative horizon of the world risk society) (2) What are the key theses and core arguments of this theory? Is it an empirical theory of society with critical intent? (3) To what extent does this theory break with the automatisms of modernization and globalization which have taken on a life of their own and rediscover the openness of human action to the future at the beginning of the 21st century political perspectives, cosmopolitan alternatives?
152 citations
TL;DR: In the second millennium, the Middle East's commerce with Western Europe fell increasingly under European domination as discussed by the authors, and the Islamic inheritance system, by raising the costs of dissolving a partnership following a partner's death, kept Middle Eastern commercial enterprises small and ephemeral.
Abstract: During the second millennium, the Middle East's commerce with Western Europe fell increasingly under European domination. Two factors played critical roles. First, the Islamic inheritance system, by raising the costs of dissolving a partnership following a partner's death, kept Middle Eastern commercial enterprises small and ephemeral. Second, certain European inheritance systems facilitated large and durable partnerships by reducing the likelihood of premature dissolution. The upshot is that European enterprises grew larger than those of the Islamic world. Moreover, while ever larger enterprises propelled further organizational transformations in Europe, persistently small enterprises inhibited economic modernization in the Middle East. f one challenge of the social sciences is to account for the rise of the West,I another is to explain how the Islamic Middle East2 became an underdeveloped region.3 A major symptom of this decline was that Muslim merchants lost ground to Westerners, and eventually also to religious minorities living in their midst. By the nineteenth century, when much of the Middle East fell prey to European colonialism, the Muslim role in the region's trade with Western Europe had slipped to insignificance.4 Moreover, many lucrative components of the Middle East's internal commerce had come to be dominated by local Christians and Jews.5 Although these patterns were not uniform across places or sectors, there is no serious disagreement over the general trends of interest here.
152 citations
152 citations