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Modernization theory
About: Modernization theory is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14641 publications have been published within this topic receiving 232469 citations.
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TL;DR: The value of ethnic categorization, as a means of looking at Africa's past, has recently come under critical scrutiny as mentioned in this paper, as it is becoming increasingly aware that many of the ethnic divisions that are today a concrete reality did not exist in a conceptual form, before the end of the nineteenth century.
Abstract: Part of the process of 'modernization' in Africa entailed the classification of detail into manageable units. People who were recognized in Europe as 'experts' in specific fields descended on the continent in order to draw up borders and boundaries that were, because of their grounding in science, conceived of as objective. With an unshakable belief in positivism, the philosophy linking science with improvement, the nineteenth century industrial bourgeoisie believed these categories to be givens that were as historically discrete as they were incontrovertible. What they produced was a concept of the world rendered neat, well-ordered and understandable by the natural and human sciences. Homogeneity replaced heterogeneity; unity and reason replaced disunity and confusion. This belief in the modernizing rationality of science was strongly to structure the way in which future generations made sense of African society. As part of this epistemological revolution, experts in linguistics and ethnography classified the population of Africa into different groups. Defined by scientific enquiry, these ethnic groups became the basic unit of analysis of historians and other social scientists involved in African studies. However, the value of ethnic categorization, as a means of looking at Africa's past, has recently come under critical scrutiny. Historians are becoming increasingly aware that many of the ethnic divisions that are today a concrete reality did not exist, even in a conceptual form, before the end of the nineteenth century.3 But, while a growing
90 citations
Posted Content•
01 Jan 1997
90 citations
TL;DR: This article explored one way in which the Classical Islamic community in Java, Indonesia, seeks to negotiate modernization and globalization through the interface of an Islamic boarding school (pesantren) and higher education.
Abstract: This article explores one way in which the Classical Islamic community in Java, Indonesia, seeks to negotiate modernization and globalization through the interface of an Islamic boarding school (pesantren) and higher education. This negotiation requires imagining and (reinventing both modernity and tradition. By examining how the leadership of a particular pesantren for university students engages these processes in their curricular goals and practices, this article expands theoretical considerations of education in translocal processes such as Islamization and globalization.
90 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: The UN Trade and Development Debates of the 1940s 2. The UN Recruits Economists 3. Michal Kalecki, the World Economic Report, and McCarthyism 4. From Full Employment to Economic Development 5. The Early Terms of Trade Controversy 6. ECLA, Industrialization, and Inflation 7. Competitive Coexistence and the Politics of Modernization 8. UNCTAD under Raul Prebisch: Success or Failure? 10. World Monetary Problems and the Challenge of Commodities 11. The Conservative Counterrevolution of the 1980s 12.
Abstract: 1. The UN Trade and Development Debates of the 1940s 2. The UN Recruits Economists 3. Michal Kalecki, the World Economic Report, and McCarthyism 4. From Full Employment to Economic Development 5. The Early Terms-of-Trade Controversy 6. ECLA, Industrialization, and Inflation 7. Competitive Coexistence and the Politics of Modernization 8. The Birth of UNCTAD 9. UNCTAD under Raul Prebisch: Success or Failure? 10. World Monetary Problems and the Challenge of Commodities 11. The Conservative Counterrevolution of the 1980s 12. What Lessons for the Future?
90 citations