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Modernization theory
About: Modernization theory is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14641 publications have been published within this topic receiving 232469 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a cross-sectional analysis of 90 nations and found that people live longer and happier in today's most modern societies, and that happiness and longevity have increased in most cases.
Abstract: . Human society has changed greatly over the past centuries and this process of “modernization” has profoundly affected the lives of individuals; currently we live quite different lives from those our forefathers lived only five generations ago. There are differences of opinion as to whether we live better now than before, and consequently there is also disagreement as to whether we should continue modernizing or rather try to slow the process down. Quality of life in a society can be measured by how long and happy its inhabitants live. Using these indicators I assessed whether societal modernization has made life better or worse. First, I examined some findings from present day survey research. I started with a cross-sectional analysis of 90 nations and found that people live longer and happier in today's most modern societies. Second, I examined trends in 10 modern nations over the last 30 years and found that happiness and longevity have increased in most cases. Third, I considered the long-ter...
82 citations
TL;DR: A mechanism for modernization of the industrial sphere of an industrial enterprise has been developed in accordance with the requirements of the information economy, which is based on the use of a model for assessing the effect of measures to modernize the production sector and the model of coordination of projects for modernization, which allows automation, robotization and informatization of manufacturing and technological processes of anindustrial enterprise.
Abstract: In the paper is established that for the effective development of the industrial enterprise in the conditions of the information economy, should be the modernization of the production sphere of the enterprise. The main aim of the research to find out the optimal mechanism of modernization of industrial sphere in accordance with requirements of the information economy for the industrial enterprise development. To solve this problem, a mechanism for modernization of the industrial sphere of an industrial enterprise has been developed in accordance with the requirements of the information economy, which is based on the use of a model for assessing the effect of measures to modernize the production sector and the model of coordination of projects for modernization of the industrial sphere. This allows automation, robotization and informatization of manufacturing and technological processes of an industrial enterprise on the basis of balancing the criteria of maximizing financial results and competitiveness. It was established that the development of an industrial enterprise in the conditions of the information economy should be based on the modernization of the production sector because it is precisely in this area that the largest gap of industrial enterprises from the leading enterprises is observed. Also, an analysis of research in this direction made it possible to conclude that the problem of modernizing of the industry is not new, but the aspect of the development of an industrial enterprise in the process of its adaptation to the information economy is not sufficiently illuminated. Therefore, there is a need to develop a mechanism for the modernization of the industrial sphere of the industrial enterprise in accordance with the requirements of the information economy, which should contain tools for the development of the enterprise in the context of the modern economy and ensure the formation of projects for the modernization of the production sphere, their mutual coordination and coordination of implementation plans, as well as control of implementation. It is proposed to build a mechanism for modernization of the manufacturing sphere of the industrial enterprise in accordance with the requirements of the information economy on the basis of the use of the model of the evaluation of the effect of measures to modernize the production sphere and the model of coordination of projects for the modernization of the industrial sphere. The model for assessing the effect of measures to modernize the production sector is a tool for determining the impact of measures to modernize the production sector on the competitiveness of the industrial enterprise and its financial results, as well as preparing the grounds for the formation of modernization projects, which are groups of related activities. The model for the reconciliation of industrial production modernization projects provides solutions to such tasks as the estimation of connectivity and compatibility of modernization measures, the definition of the resource costs of modernization measures, the definition of the sequence of modernization measures, the grouping of possible measures in the projects of modernization of the production sector. While discussing further research on complex of models and auxiliary tools are developed, which are the basis of the modernization mechanism of the manufacturing sphere of the industrial enterprise in accordance with the requirements of the information economy, which makes it possible to substantiate and implement the development of the industrial sphere of the industrial enterprise in accordance with the peculiarities of functioning in the conditions of the information economy.
82 citations
23 Aug 1990
81 citations
TL;DR: Hambleton as mentioned in this paper describes these forces succinctly in figure 12.2, as he outlines what he refers to as the new city management, which is increasingly divorced from a second force that involves citizen engagement, participation, and the passion of local politics.
Abstract: As governments worldwide give more responsibility to local authorities, it makes sense to examine emerging roles of the local government professional. These roles are developing in a contemporary context that features the conflicting forces of administrative modernization and civic engagement (Nalbandian and Nalbandian 2002, 2003; Naschold and Daley 1999a, 1999b, 1999c; for a global perspective see Barber 1995; Friedman 1999; Kettl 2000a; Sacks 2002; Yergin and Stanislaw 1999). Modernization creates an administrative culture driven by efficiency and the pervasive influence of technique. This trend is increasingly divorced from a second force that involves citizen engagement, participation, and the passion of local politics. In Chapter 12, Hambleton describes these forces succinctly in figure 12.2, as he outlines what he refers to as the new city management.
81 citations
TL;DR: A review and critical evaluation of the literature that examines factors influencing criminalization can be found in this paper, where the authors examine three streams of inquiry and theorizing: (a) classic work that has shaped decades of scholarship on criminalization by focusing on the relationship between demographic changes, material and symbolic politics, and the emergence of criminal law; (b) contemporary work that unpacks the nature of the relationships between organizational, social movement, and state-related factors that structure and mediate the outcome of definitional and political processes involved in efforts to criminalize elements of social life
Abstract: Organizing scholarship both chronologically and thematically, this article provides a review and critical evaluation of the literature that examines factors influencing criminalization. The first part of the paper examines three streams of inquiry and theorizing: (a) classic work that has shaped decades of scholarship on criminalization by focusing on the relationship between demographic changes, material and symbolic politics, and the emergence of criminal law; (b) contemporary work that unpacks the nature of the relationship between organizational, social movement, and state-related factors that structure and mediate the outcome of definitional and political processes involved in efforts to criminalize elements of social life; and (c) more recent work that envisions criminalization as a social process intimately connected to, and indeed arguably derivative of, larger processes of institutionalization, globalization, and modernization. The discussion and conclusion section summarizes the consequences of ...
81 citations