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Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A complete GMS mutant (ms20) is reported, which displays abnormal anther cuticle and pollen development and was found to be a new allele of IPE1 encoding a glucose methanol choline (GMC) oxidoreductase involved in lipid metabolism in anther.
Abstract: Genic male sterility (GMS) mutant is a useful germplasm resource for both theory research and production practice. The identification and characterization of GMS genes, and assessment of male-sterility stability of GMS mutant under different genetic backgrounds in Zea may (maize) have (1) deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling anther and pollen development, and (2) enabled the development and efficient use of many biotechnology-based male-sterility (BMS) systems for hybrid breeding. Here, we reported a complete GMS mutant (ms20), which displays abnormal anther cuticle and pollen development. Its fertility restorer gene ZmMs20 was found to be a new allele of IPE1 encoding a glucose methanol choline (GMC) oxidoreductase involved in lipid metabolism in anther. Phylogenetic and microsynteny analyses showed that ZmMs20 was conserved among gramineous species, which provide clues for creating GMS materials in other crops. Additionally, among the 17 maize cloned GMS genes, ZmMs20 was found to be similar to the expression patterns of Ms7, Ms26, Ms6021, APV1, and IG1 genes, which will give some clues for deciphering their functional relationships in regulating male fertility. Finally, two functional markers of ZmMs20/ms20 were developed and tested for creating maize ms20 male-sterility lines in 353 genetic backgrounds, and then an artificial maintainer line of ms20 GMS mutation was created by using ZmMs20 gene, ms20 mutant, and BMS system. This work will promote our understanding of functional mechanisms of male fertility and facilitate molecular breeding of ms20 male-sterility lines for hybrid seed production in maize.

19 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: This paper used quantitative trait mapping with marker-assisted selection to understand and use the molecular basis of cotton's response to water deficit and salinity in a semi-arid, sub-tropical environment.
Abstract: Fiber from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense) is a major product in the world economy. It is a botanically unique plant as it is a perennial allotetraploid derived from diploid Gossypium species, one of which does not produce lint, which is grown as an annual row crop. Cotton is an especially appropriate system for research into the molecular basis of plant response to water deficit and salinity, as it originates from wild perennial plants adapted to semi-arid, sub-tropical environments which experienced periodic drought and temperature extremes that are associated with soils with high salt content. The current primary molecular breeding approaches include transgenic modification and quantitative trait mapping with marker-assisted selection. The preliminary work in QTL mapping for drought response and the relationships of the QTLs with the drought-associated measurements is developing a foundation for understanding and using the molecular basis of drought tolerance. QTL mapping for salt tolerance is not moving apace. Using and/or regulating transgene effects on the plant responses to drought and salinity has shown success and will continue to increase our understanding of the complexity of plant’s physiological pathways. Improvements in all areas of molecular breeding are almost certain, but the most effective improvements will come from exploiting our improved understanding of the genetic architecture

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
29 Jun 2019-Planta
TL;DR: In orphan crops, more marker–trait associations relevant to breeding germplasm are generally needed, but implementing digitalization, marker-based quality control or simple trait screening and introgression will help modernising breeding.
Abstract: In spite of the limited investment in orphan crops, access to new technologies such as bioinformatics and low-cost genotyping opens new doors to modernise their breeding effectively. Innovation in plant breeding is imperative to meet the world’s growing demand for staple food and feed crops, and orphan crops can play a significant role in increasing productivity and quality, especially in developing countries. The short breeding history of most orphan crops implies that genetic gain should be achievable through easy-to-implement approaches such as forward breeding for simple traits or introgression of elite alleles at key target trait loci. However, limited financial support and access to sufficient, relevant and reliable phenotypic data continue to pose major challenges in terms of resources and capabilities. Digitalisation of orphan-crop breeding programmes can help not only to improve data quality and management, but also to mitigate data scarcity by allowing data to be accumulated and analysed over time and across teams. Bioinformatics tools and access to technologies such as molecular markers, some of them provided as services via specific platforms, allow breeders to implement modern strategies to improve breeding efficiency. In orphan crops, more marker–trait associations relevant to breeding germplasm are generally needed, but implementing digitalization, marker-based quality control or simple trait screening and introgression will help modernising breeding. Finally, the development of local capacities—of both people and infrastructure—remains a necessity to ensure the sustainable adoption of modern breeding approaches.

19 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: This review presents existing efforts targeted at genetic characterization of sorghum mutants and comprehensively review the different attempts made toward the isolation of genes involved in agronomically important traits, including the dissection of some Sorghum quantitative trait loci (QTLs).
Abstract: Currently, molecular breeding is regarded as an important tool for the improvement of many crop species. However, in sorghum, recently heralded as an important bioenergy crop, progress in this field has been relatively slow and limited. In this review, we present existing efforts targeted at genetic characterization of sorghum mutants. We also comprehensively review the different attempts made toward the isolation of genes involved in agronomically important traits, including the dissection of some sorghum quantitative trait loci (QTLs). We also explore the current status of the use of transgenic techniques in sorghum, which should be crucial for advancing sorghum molecular breeding. Through this report, we provide a useful benchmark to help assess how much more sorghum genomics and molecular breeding could be improved.

19 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202383
2022153
2021156
2020143
2019169
2018137