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Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
Willem P. C. Stemmer1
TL;DR: Molecular breeding is a classic mutagenesis process that simply creates new combinations of a large number of DNA sequence polymorphisms that pre-exist in the population, thus allowing the evolutionary optimization of very complex genomes as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Classical breeding is a gentle mutagenesis process that simply creates new combinations of a large number of DNA sequence polymorphisms that pre-exist in the population, thus allowing the evolutionary optimization of very complex genomes. We have developed and applied a wide variety of derivative processes called ‘molecular breeding’ to breed single genes, contiguous pathways, distributed pathways, and even whole microbial genomes. Libraries of clones that are created by breeding are phenotypically diverse because clones tend to differ by many amino acids due to the exchange of sequence blocks, yet an exceptionally high fraction of the library is functional because the natural sequence polymorphisms were preselected for compatibility with function. A wide variety of formats and applications of molecular breeding is described.

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the genetics of resistance and mapping of resistance genes/QTLs will accelerate the marker assisted resistance breeding in brassica crops against Xcc.
Abstract: The Brassicas are affected by several diseases, of which black rot, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Pam.) Dowson (Xcc), is one of the most widespread and devastating worldwide. The black rot bacteria causes systemic infection in the susceptible plants and penetrate the plants through the hydathodes or wounds. Typical disease symptoms are ‘V’ shaped necrotic lesions appearing from the leaf margins with blackened veins. Periodic outbreaks of the black rot pathogen have occurred worldwide, especially in the continental regions, where high temperatures and humidity favor the incidence of disease occurrence causing huge yield loss. The challenge to control the losses in vegetable brassicas production is made more difficult by the adverse climatic changes and evolution of new pathogenic races. The development of black rot resistant hybrids/varieties is the most reliable long term practical solution for effective disease control. Identification of new resistant genetic resources, tightly linked markers with resistance loci and QTL mapping would facilitate the breeding programme for black rot resistance. Information regarding genetics of resistance and mapping of resistance genes/QTLs will accelerate the marker assisted resistance breeding in brassica crops against Xcc. In future we need to identify the race specific candidate genes for and their validation through transgenics and gene expression. Moreover, it is imperative to identify functional markers for resistance genes through identification of R gene families and their relationship with resistance expression. This comprehensive review will help the researchers working in this area to understand the dynamics of black resistance breeding and to formulate future breeding strategies.

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Sep 2020
TL;DR: Two strategies aiming to increase drought stress tolerance are reviewed: the use of natural genes that have evolved over time and are preserved in crop wild relatives and landraces for drought tolerance breeding using conventional and molecular methods and exploiting the reservoir of neglected and underutilized species to identify those that are known to be more drought-tolerant than conventional staple crops.
Abstract: Water scarcity is the primary constraint on crop productivity in arid and semiarid tropical areas suffering from climate alterations; in accordance, agricultural systems have to be optimized. Several concepts and strategies should be considered to improve crop yield and quality, particularly in vulnerable regions where such environmental changes cause a risk of food insecurity. In this work, we review two strategies aiming to increase drought stress tolerance: (i) the use of natural genes that have evolved over time and are preserved in crop wild relatives and landraces for drought tolerance breeding using conventional and molecular methods and (ii) exploiting the reservoir of neglected and underutilized species to identify those that are known to be more drought-tolerant than conventional staple crops while possessing other desired agronomic and nutritive characteristics, as well as introducing them into existing cropping systems to make them more resilient to water deficiency conditions. In the past, the existence of drought tolerance genes in crop wild relatives and landraces was either unknown or difficult to exploit using traditional breeding techniques to secure potential long-term solutions. Today, with the advances in genomics and phenomics, there are a number of new tools available that facilitate the discovery of drought resistance genes in crop wild relatives and landraces and their relatively easy transfer into advanced breeding lines, thus accelerating breeding progress and creating resilient varieties that can withstand prolonged drought periods. Among those tools are marker-assisted selection (MAS), genomic selection (GS), and targeted gene editing (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology). The integration of these two major strategies, the advances in conventional and molecular breeding for the drought tolerance of conventional staple crops, and the introduction of drought-tolerant neglected and underutilized species into existing production systems has the potential to enhance the resilience of agricultural production under conditions of water scarcity.

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Mar 2020
TL;DR: The M2 families developed here exhibited broad phenotypic variation and should be valuable genetic resources for functional gene analysis in pepper molecular breeding programs using reverse genetics tools, including TILLING.
Abstract: Plant breeding explores genetic diversity in useful traits to develop new, high-yielding, and improved cultivars. Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) is a chemical widely used to induce mutations at loci that regulate economically essential traits. Additionally, it can knock out genes, facilitating efforts to elucidate gene functions through the analysis of mutant phenotypes. Here, we developed a mutant population using the small and pungent ornamental Capsicum annuum pepper “Micro-Pep”. This accession is particularly suitable for mutation studies and molecular research due to its compact growth habit and small size. We treated 9500 seeds with 1.3% EMS and harvested 3996 M2 lines. We then selected 1300 (32.5%) independent M2 families and evaluated their phenotypes over four years. The mutants displayed phenotypic variations in plant growth, habit, leaf color and shape, and flower and fruit morphology. An experiment to optimize Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) in pepper detected nine EMS-induced mutations in the eIF4E gene. The M2 families developed here exhibited broad phenotypic variation and should be valuable genetic resources for functional gene analysis in pepper molecular breeding programs using reverse genetics tools, including TILLING.

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: PosMed-plus is the first cross-species integrated database that inferentially prioritizes candidate genes for forward genetics approaches in plant science, and will be expanded for wider use in plant upgrading in many species.
Abstract: Molecular breeding of crops is an efficient way to upgrade plant functions useful to mankind. A key step is forward genetics or positional cloning to identify the genes that confer useful functions. In order to accelerate the whole research process, we have developed an integrated database system powered by an intelligent data-retrieval engine termed PosMed-plus (Positional Medline for plant upgrading science), allowing us to prioritize highly promising candidate genes in a given chromosomal interval(s) of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice, Oryza sativa. By inferentially integrating cross-species information resources including genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, localizomes, phenomes and literature, the system compares a user’s query, such as phenotypic or functional keywords, with the literature associated with the relevant genes located within the interval. By utilizing orthologous and paralogous correspondences, PosMed-plus efficiently integrates cross-species information to facilitate the ranking of rice candidate genes based on evidence from other model species such as Arabidopsis. PosMed-plus is a plant science version of the PosMed system widely used by mammalian researchers, and provides both a powerful integrative search function and a rich integrative display of the integrated databases. PosMed-plus is the first cross-species integrated database that inferentially prioritizes candidate genes for forward genetics approaches in plant science, and will be expanded for wider use in plant upgrading in many species.

19 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202383
2022153
2021156
2020143
2019169
2018137