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Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of geographical regions on the genetic diversity of alfalfa varieties in China was traced and identified 350 common candidate genetic regions and 548 genes under selection, with the underlying haplotypes showing significant differences between subgroups of distinct geographical origins.
Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage crop worldwide. However, little is known about the effects of breeding status and different geographical populations on alfalfa improvement. Here, we sequenced 220 alfalfa core germplasms and determined that Chinese alfalfa cultivars form an independent group, as evidenced by comparisons of FST values between different subgroups, suggesting that geographical origin plays an important role in group differentiation. By tracing the influence of geographical regions on the genetic diversity of alfalfa varieties in China, we identified 350 common candidate genetic regions and 548 genes under selection. We also defined 165 loci associated with 24 important traits from genome-wide association studies. Of those, 17 genomic regions closely associated with a given phenotype were under selection, with the underlying haplotypes showing significant differences between subgroups of distinct geographical origins. Based on results from expression analysis and association mapping, we propose that 6-phosphogluconolactonase (MsPGL) and a gene encoding a protein with NHL domains (MsNHL) are critical candidate genes for root growth. In conclusion, our results provide valuable information for alfalfa improvement via molecular breeding.

13 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: The analyses of NGS data allow plant breeders to discover regulatory sequences and their relative positions and subsequent development of molecular markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS), leading to a gene revolution of plant breeding.
Abstract: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of plant genomes provides opportunities to understand the genetic makeup and behavior of plant genomes. Plant whole genome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing and exome sequencing will allow discovering agronomically-important genes that regulate yield and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The availability of the genome and transcriptome sequence data helps in the development of genetic markers. At present, available NGS tools are powerful enough to provide high-resolution analysis of plant genomes. NGS generates huge amounts of sequenced data in a cost-effective manner and allows profiling for nucleotide variation and large-scale discovery of functional markers. These markers will help in selection of economically-important traits in plant breeding. Plant breeding has been beneficial in developing improved varieties using conventional tools, techniques and methodologies. The availability of NGS tools and online resources is leading to a gene revolution of plant breeding, as they facilitate the study of the genome and its relationship with the phenome for complex traits. The analyses of NGS data allow plant breeders to discover regulatory sequences and their relative positions and subsequent development of molecular markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS).

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work reviews the progress made on various aspects of molecular breeding for STB resistance especially on mapping and validation of qualitative and quantitative trait loci in common wheat.
Abstract: Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola, is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat (T. aestivum spp., aestivum L.). Various practices such as crop rotation, application of fungicides, and deployment of genetic resistance have been utilised to control this disease and subsequently reduce yield losses. During the last 20 years, significant progress has been made in understanding host-pathogen interaction, inheritance of STB resistance, localisation of loci controlling STB resistance and identification of molecular markers associated with STB resistance in common wheat. We review the progress made on various aspects of molecular breeding for STB resistance especially on mapping and validation of qualitative and quantitative trait loci in common wheat.

13 citations

Book ChapterDOI
02 Jul 2019
TL;DR: In this chapter, the utilization of genomics- and molecular-based tools and their integration with classical breeding approaches is presented to improve the tolerance to abiotic stresses in barley.
Abstract: Barley is one of the most important cereal crop in the world, in terms of harvested area, trade value, cattle feed and human nutrition. It is one of the most adapted plant species to marginal environments, where abiotic stresses, such as drought, heat, cold, low fertility and salinity, are prevalent and limit crop productivity. Due to its wide adaptability, barley is often the only crop that can be grown in many countries of West Asia and North Africa, thus representing a very important resource for farmers and the principal feed for livestock in these areas. To cope with these adverse conditions, the selection for barley cultivars with stable and economic yield under variant environments is a primary requirement of any breeding program. Recently, new genomic and molecular tools have increased the number of genes identified in the barley gene pool, involved in abiotic stress tolerance and in the adaptation to unfavorable environments. The complementation of traditional breeding approaches with new analytical selection methodologies is required for future yield gains to meet the global food/feed and industrial demand as well as to cope up with the effects of climate changes. Therefore, exploiting new genomics- and molecular-based breeding strategies to increase barley yield as well as the development of new varieties with improved adaptation to abiotic stresses is crucial. In this chapter, the utilization of genomics- and molecular-based tools and their integration with classical breeding approaches is presented to improve the tolerance to abiotic stresses in barley. Major challenges in breeding for tolerance to major abiotic stresses are described in the beginning, followed by the exploitation and utilization of different genomics and genetic resources, and breeding approaches currently used to produce tolerant varieties. The application of marker-assisted selection and markers discovery using quantitative genetics, association mapping and bioinformatics approaches for abiotic stress tolerances in barley are also highlighted. Furthermore, comparative and functional genomics approaches used to understand abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms in plants and their potential application for improving tolerance to abiotic stresses in barley have been discussed. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for the application of genomics- and molecular-based breeding strategies for barley crop improvement under abiotic stress conditions are overviewed.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors look at appropriate institutional alternatives which can create effective incentives for in situ agrobiodiversity conservation and the equitable distribution of technologies in plant improvement, using the flexibilities of the TRIPS Agreement, the liability rules set forth in patents or plant variety rights themselves, and other ad hoc reward regimes.
Abstract: Focused on the impact of stringent intellectual property mechanisms over the uses of plant agricultural biodiversity in crop improvement, the article delves into a systematic analysis of the relationship between institutional paradigms and their technological contexts of application, identified as mass selection, controlled hybridisation, molecular breeding tools and transgenics While the strong property paradigm has proven effective in the context of major leaps forward in genetic engineering, it faces a systematic breakdown when extended to mass selection, where innovation often displays a collective nature However, it also creates partial blockages in those innovation schemes rested between on-farm observation and genetic modification, ie conventional plant breeding and upstream molecular biology research tools Neither overly strong intellectual property rights, nor the absence of well delineated protection have proven an optimal fit for these two intermediary socio-technological systems of cumulative incremental innovation To address these challenges, the authors look at appropriate institutional alternatives which can create effective incentives for in situ agrobiodiversity conservation and the equitable distribution of technologies in plant improvement, using the flexibilities of the TRIPS Agreement, the liability rules set forth in patents or plant variety rights themselves (in the form of farmers’, breeders’ and research exceptions), and other ad hoc reward regimes

13 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202383
2022153
2021156
2020143
2019169
2018137