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Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.


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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: Taken together, existing genomic knowledge and tools may be used to confront the challenges of the development of peach varieties adapted to changing climate scenarios.
Abstract: Improving the performance of peach varieties in the context of climate change requires multiple approaches. Not only will climate change alter plant phenology, but it will also drive negative effects of several biotic and abiotic stressors. The challenge is to improve adaptation of varieties to a changing environment, while maintaining organoleptic qualities of the fruit. This chapter focuses on the progress in genomics-assisted breeding in peach to break barriers in conventional breeding. Breeding climate-smart (CS) peach trees requires the identification of CS traits used in the adaptation to high levels of temperature, CO2, water deprivation and biotic stress. Relevant CS traits, such as those that control flowering time (chilling and heat requirements), biotic and abiotic stress tolerance (pests and diseases; water-nutrient efficiency), require prioritization. Here, we review classical mapping and breeding of peach varieties, the progress and limitations of the used of marker-assisted selection and breeding (MAS and MAB, respectively) in expression of traits, such as fruit quality and stress tolerance, and describe the rationale for the use of molecular breeding. Genetic diversity analysis of Prunus germplasm, genome-wide association mapping and molecular mapping of CS genes and QTLs, and MAB and genomics-aided breeding for CS traits are also reviewed. MAS and MAB have previously been considered as the optimal solution to plant breeding in the genomics era of plant biology, but genomic selection currently presents a promising alternative. Genomic selection is a marker-based strategy that accounts for quantitative traits controlled by a large number of genes with small effects like many CS traits. The precise phenotypic assessment and appropriate biometric analysis used to identify genotype responses is also discussed. The small, but active international peach research community has delivered a high-quality sequenced and annotated genome, along with several genomic tools, that potentiate each other in a positive feedback. Bioinformatics and computational biology are at the current a forefront of plant breeding programs and deal with diverse functional genomics datasets of gene expression, metabolomics and physiological stress responses. Taken together, existing genomic knowledge and tools may be used to confront the challenges of the development of peach varieties adapted to changing climate scenarios.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors summarize the latest progress in omics research, highlight novel findings made possible by omics techniques, note current drawbacks and areas for further research, and suggest that an efficient multi-omics approach may accelerate soybean breeding in the future.
Abstract: Soybean is a major crop that provides essential protein and oil for food and feed. Since its origin in China over 5000 years ago, soybean has spread throughout the world, becoming the second most important vegetable oil crop and the primary source of plant protein for global consumption. From early domestication and artificial selection through hybridization and ultimately molecular breeding, the history of soybean breeding parallels major advances in plant science throughout the centuries. Now, rapid progress in plant omics is ushering in a new era of precision design breeding, exemplified by the engineering of elite soybean varieties with specific oil compositions to meet various end-use targets. The assembly of soybean reference genomes, made possible by the development of genome sequencing technology and bioinformatics over the past 20 years, was a great step forward in soybean research. It facilitated advances in soybean transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, all of which paved the way for an integrated approach to molecular breeding in soybean. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in omics research, highlight novel findings made possible by omics techniques, note current drawbacks and areas for further research, and suggest that an efficient multi-omics approach may accelerate soybean breeding in the future. This review will be of interest not only to soybean breeders but also to researchers interested in the use of cutting-edge omics technologies for crop research and improvement.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Soybean should be used a new model plant in understanding the Fe-deficiency tolerance mechanisms especially because of its high potential to be used as a bio-fortified crop to treat the iron deficiency in humans in the future.
Abstract: Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an agronomic crop belonging to the legume family, and is the top second plant species with the highest iron (Fe) content. When exposed to Fe-deficiency during growth in the field, soybean yields are negatively affected from impaired chlorophyll biosynthesis, which is called as Fe-deficiency chlorosis (IDC). Although IDC in soybeans has been observed for years, the molecular studies to develop IDC-tolerant soybean cultivars were slower compared to the studies of other plant species. Recently, there are efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms behind IDC tolerance and use them to develop IDC-tolerant soybeans via molecular breeding and transgenic approaches. Genetic transformation of soybean is relatively easy, and loss-of-function mutant collections are readily available. There is a divergence in IDC tolerance among soybean cultivars, suggesting a potential improvement of soybean tolerance to IDC via molecular breeding. This mini review covers the latest developments in the field of soybean research to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of IDC tolerance. Soybean should be used a new model plant in understanding the Fe-deficiency tolerance mechanisms especially because of its high potential to be used as a bio-fortified crop to treat the iron deficiency in humans in the future.

11 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: This review highlights the application of the microarray analysis to the understanding of the plant abiotic stress responses and tolerance and genetic engineering of the stress-inducible genes has become one of the promising strategies for the molecular breeding of the stressed plants.
Abstract: Plants respond and adapt to drought, high-salinity and cold stresses in order to survive. Molecular and genomic studies have shown that many genes with various functions are induced by drought, high-salinity and cold stresses, and that the various signaling factors including transcription factors are involved in the stress responses. The development of microarray-based expression profiling methods has allowed significant progress in the characterization of the plant stress response. Genetic engineering of the stress-inducible genes has become one of the promising strategies for the molecular breeding of the stress-tolerant plants. In this review, we highlight the application of the microarray analysis to the understanding of the plant abiotic stress responses and tolerance.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
19 Apr 2021
TL;DR: The MABc is demonstrated using a trait and genome-wide markers, allowing us to efficiently select lines of a target trait and reduce the breeding cycle effectively, and can be utilized as parental lines for subsequent breeding programs of high-quality rice for cooking and eating.
Abstract: The primary goals of rice breeding programs are grain quality and yield potential improvement. With the high demand for rice varieties of premium cooking and eating quality, we developed low-amylose content breeding lines crossed with Samgwang and Milkyqueen through the marker-assisted backcross (MABc) breeding program. Trait markers of the SSIIIa gene referring to low-amylose content were identified through an SNP mapping activity, and the markers were applied to select favorable lines for a foreground selection. To rapidly recover the genetic background of Samgwang (recurrent parent genome, RPG), 386 genome-wide markers were used to select BC1F1 and BC2F1 individuals. Seven BC2F1 lines with targeted traits were selected, and the genetic background recovery range varied within 97.4-99.1% of RPG. The amylose content of the selected BC2F2 grains ranged from 12.4-16.8%. We demonstrated the MABc using a trait and genome-wide markers, allowing us to efficiently select lines of a target trait and reduce the breeding cycle effectively. In addition, the BC2F2 lines confirmed by molecular markers in this study can be utilized as parental lines for subsequent breeding programs of high-quality rice for cooking and eating.

11 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202383
2022153
2021156
2020143
2019169
2018137