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Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to identify nucellar and zygotic embryos in citrus cultivars using polyembryonic females as a female parent.
Abstract: Many citrus cultivars have the polyembryony trait that develops many nucellar embryos alongside a single zygotic embryo in an individual seed by sporophytic apomixis. This unique botanical trait hinders citrus breeding by genetic hybridization and affects breeding efficiency and cost. Techniques to efficiently identify nucellar and zygotic individuals in citrus are still very limited. For a systematic and targeted citrus breeding program, we collected 101 citrus genetic resources and determined their embryo types, which revealed 22 monoembryo, 54 polyembryo, and 25 mixed types. We also developed 17 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers showing polymorphism among the genetic resources from the public resources and our own comparative genome analysis. Seventeen SSR markers detected a total of 181 alleles, ranging from 5 to 16 alleles per locus. The average polymorphism information content value was 0.67, ranging from 0.43 to 0.84. Genetic cluster analysis based on similarity matrices of alleles revealed that several genetic resources of the genus Citrus were fragmented and/or scattered throughout the entire dendrogram, not forming unique groups, due to frequent natural or intended genetic crossings. Application of these polymorphic SSR markers to F1 individuals derived from several genetic crosses using polyembryonic citrus cultivars as a female parent revealed that the polyembryony trait decreased the breeding efficiency due to the poor occurrence rate of zygotic individuals. Therefore, our results suggest that identification of nucellar and zygotic embryo-derived F1 individuals using SSR markers as a genotyping technology may be a powerful tool for establishing a systematic molecular breeding program in citrus.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The developed Maize6H-60K array is presented, a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to facilitate maize genotyping and should be an important tool in maize genetic studies, variety identification, and molecular breeding.
Abstract: Despite the availability of numerous molecular markers in maize, effective evaluation of all types of germplasm resources, accurate identification of varieties and analysis of a large number of materials in a timely, low-cost manner is challenging. Here, we present Maize6H-60K, a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to facilitate maize genotyping. We first identified 160 million variants by sequencing data of 388 representative inbreds and then tiled 200 000 high-quality variants on a screening array. These variants were further narrowed down to 61 282 using stringent filtering criteria. Among the 60 000 markers, 21 460 SNPs (35%) were within genic regions and 12 835 (21%) were located in coding regions. To assess their effectiveness, 329 inbreds, 221 hybrids, 34 parent-offspring sets and six breeding samples were genotyped. Overall, 48 972 SNPs (80%) were categorized into the highest quality class, that of 'poly high resolution'. A total of 54 658 (89.29%) and 53 091 (86.73%) SNPs had minor allele frequency values ≥ 0.20 in inbreds and hybrids respectively. A linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis revealed that LD decline was in equilibrium when r2 was between 0.10 and 0.15, which corresponds to a physical distance of 400-600 kb. UPGMA clustering analysis divided the 329 inbred lines into nine groups that were consistent with known pedigrees. A background analysis of breeding materials indicated that the 60 000 markers were suitable for evaluation of breeding populations constructed by materials between or within heterotic groups. The developed Maize6H-60K array should be an important tool in maize genetic studies, variety identification and molecular breeding.

11 citations

Patent
04 Aug 2015
TL;DR: Improved molecular breeding methods include a method in which an association data set is developed by associating the phenotypes of a broad population of individuals with the individual genotypes as discussed by the authors, which is used in conjunction with a growth model to select breeding pairs likely to generate offspring with one or more desirable traits.
Abstract: Improved molecular breeding methods include a method in which an association data set is developed by associating the phenotypes of a broad population of individuals with the individual genotypes. The association data set is used in conjunction with a growth model in order to select breeding pairs likely to generate offspring with one or more desirable traits.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
05 May 2020
TL;DR: Recent advances for achieving drought stress tolerance in major cereals using genomics assisted breeding (GAB) has been discussed and the genetics of drought stress traits, MAB for abiotic stress tolerance and MAI of genomic regions for improvement of drought tolerance in cereals are discussed.
Abstract: Drought is one of the foremost threats for global cereal crop production with looming risks due to changing climatic scenarios. Among major cereals, rice wheat and maize are commonly grown worldwide for their importance as staple food as well as significance in fulfilling the nutritional requirements among the escalating human population. Drought being a complex trait is difficult to manage through conventional breeding approaches therefore, recent advances in genomics tools has resulted in precised and targeted identification of mechanisms underlying drought stress tolerance in cereals. Further, combination of customary breeding advances with the recent high throughput genomics technologies resulted in the popularization of genomics assisted breeding. There are various marker-assisted breeding (MAB) strategies to transfer or introgress trait of interest; these include marker-assisted selection (MAS); marker-assisted introgression (MAI), MA-backcrossing (MABC), MA-recurrent selection (MARS), MA-gene pyramiding (MAGP); genome-wide selection (GWS) and genomic selection (GS). In this review, recent advances for achieving drought stress tolerance in major cereals using genomics assisted breeding (GAB) has been discussed . We begin with the genetics of drought stress traits, MAB for abiotic stress tolerance with successful examples of mapped genomic regions for drought stress tolerance in rice, wheat and maize, respectively and finally MAI of genomic regions for improvement of drought tolerance in cereals. Further, in addition to MAB, genomic selection, an advanced molecular breeding technology, have pronounced potential to improve multiple traits simultaneously including drought tolerance in cereals. DOI.10.25174/2582-2675/2020/100821

10 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: The chapter looks at the tools required to carry out a modern mango breeding program reviewing genetic resources, breeding program goals, stages and design and molecular breeding tools such as marker assisted selection, saturated linkage maps and transcriptome sequencing.
Abstract: Mango Mangifera indica L. in the family Anacardiaceae is a large evergreen tree that grows throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world and bears a popular tropical fruit that is consumed locally and traded globally. Preferred mango varieties vary from country to country, with subcontinental Asian varieties typically being monoembryonic and South East Asian varieties being polyembryonic. The genus Mangifera consists of many species with M. indica being the most abundant, however several of the other species are graft and pollination compatible with M. indica and are useful as rootstocks or sources of novel genes for breeders. Mango presents several challenges for breeders; it is a recalcitrant species with seed viability declining rapidly, weeks, after fruit maturity, Polyembryonic varieties can only be used as pollen parents and one seed per fruit limits the number of progeny that can easily be generated per family. Incompatibility within and between species makes hand pollination success rates lower than many other species. Knowledge of the genes and gene markers associated with important traits is in its infancy, however there is considerable effort internationally to improve the knowledge of mango genetics. This chapter on mango breeding includes many recent advances in the biotechnological aspects of mango breeding that have occurred over the past decade. The chapter looks at the tools required to carry out a modern mango breeding program reviewing genetic resources, breeding program goals, stages and design and molecular breeding tools such as marker assisted selection, saturated linkage maps and transcriptome sequencing.

10 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202383
2022153
2021156
2020143
2019169
2018137