Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.

Integrated Multi-Omics Perspective to Strengthen the Understanding of Salt Tolerance in Rice

Abstract: Salt stress is one of the major constraints to rice cultivation worldwide. Thus, the development of salt-tolerant rice cultivars becomes a hotspot of current rice breeding. Achieving this goal depends in part on understanding how rice responds to salt stress and uncovering the molecular mechanism underlying this trait. Over the past decade, great efforts have been made to understand the mechanism of salt tolerance in rice through genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenetics. However, there are few reviews on this aspect. Therefore, we review the research progress of omics related to salt tolerance in rice and discuss how these advances will promote the innovations of salt-tolerant rice breeding. In the future, we expect that the integration of multi-omics salt tolerance data can accelerate the solution of the response mechanism of rice to salt stress, and lay a molecular foundation for precise breeding of salt tolerance.

Recent application of biotechniques for the improvement of mango research

Abstract: Mango is a major fruit crop grown commercially in tropical and subtropical environments globally. It is a highly efficient fruit crop, provides a large supply of fresh fruit and is also a source of timber. Although mango is an economically important tropical fruit, relatively little research has been conducted on its genetics and gene sequence. In the last few decades, conventional breeding attempts have played an important role in mango improvement. There are many problems with mangoes being handled in breeding programs. Mangoes are characterized by having a long juvenile phase, monoembryonic varieties, being highly cross pollinating, having a heavy fruit drop and having alternate crop bearing loads from year to year. All these delay success in mango improvement. Biotechnology can complement conventional breeding and expedite the mango improvement programme. In different mango growing regions, molecular breeding attempts are in progress for creating better cultivars or varieties by selecting attractive, high yielding and good quality mangoes. A few molecular researchers have performed in vitro culture and selection, micro-propagation, embryo rescue, gene cloning, genetic transformation, marker-assisted characterization and DNA fingerprinting. Precise information on the genetic relationship within germplasm diversity is needed for carrying out an efficient breeding programme. In this chapter we described the application of recent molecular biotechniques for the improvement of mango production.

Universal Molecular Markers for Plant Breeding and Genetics Analysis

Abstract: information from an unknown but related genome. Indeed, Wu and co-workers have developed universal primers in solanaceous species with single-copy orthologs (COSII), and successfully applied COSII to the study of syntenic relationships among tomato, eggplant, pepper, and Nicotiana [18-21]. These results have a great significance for the analysis of those genomes where marker and sequence density is scarce or lacking but is available in case of a related taxon [22-24]. Thus, if one were to consider a crop plant for molecular breeding work, say for instance, the cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) or any other leguminous crops, where such data are scanty or altogether lacking, it is now possible to deploy markers and genome sequence derived orthologs from the sequenced leguminous taxon closest in relation to these crops with no or little genome sequence data to achieve an unprecedented level of rich marker density in a much shorter period of time than that it would otherwise have taken to develop de novo the entire set of marker data. This possibility of developing markers universally based on markers and sequences of orthologs of a related sequenced genome is exciting in its potential application to even trees which have always been less studied for molecular breeding on account of their long generation times. Several papers have highlighted the existence of gene and marker synteny across taxa. The important rationale here is the derivation of present day genomes from an ancestral one during the course of evolution. That this has happened is the basis for the several phylogenetic and phylogenomic studies reported so far in plants. Tracing the evolutionary history of the genome is in fact based on the synteny / co linearity of genes and gene orders. It is because of the expectation of a synteny that it also becomes easy to identify deviations from the synteny that occasionally occurs due to transposition, mutations recombination events so that certain portions of the genome

Genome-wide association analysis of salt tolerance QTLs with SNP markers in maize (Zea mays L.).

Abstract: Salt-tolerant breeding of maize has great significance to the development and utilization of saline–alkaline soil and the maintenance of grain security. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been widely used in maize genetics and breeding. To discover new salt-tolerant genes in maize by association analysis, which can provide technical supports for the innovation and genetic improvement of salt-tolerant germplasm resources in maize. Totally 150 maize inbred lines were genotyped with a high-density chip. GWAS was carried out to identify the significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which were associated with maize salt tolerance. Totally 34,972 SNPs with high quality and diversity were selected from 56,110 SNP markers, which were distributed on 10 chromosomes of maize. The GLM algorithm in TASSEL5.2 was used to analyze the five traits related to salt tolerance. Using a strict LOD threshold of 4.5, totally 7 SNP loci were identified, which were significantly correlated with plant height change rate and fresh weight change rate. The high density fingerprints of 150 inbred lines were clustered by TASSEL5.2 software to construct genetic clustering map to estimate the genetic distance and the subgroups. The 150 maize inbred lines were divided into two groups: SS group and NSS group, and the SNP loci of the salt-tolerant index showed difference in chromosome distribution. Based on previous studies, we screened 8 candidate genes for salt tolerance in maize and four of them were further validated by real-time quantitative PCR. Totally 7 SNP loci and 8 candidate genes related to salt tolerance in maize were identified, which will be of special value in molecular breeding of salt-tolerant maize.