Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.

Plant breeding in the 21st century.

Abstract: Congratulations to the Korean Society of Breeding Science on the occasion of the 40th anniversary Such scientific societies serve an important role in disseminating scientific information, encouraging world class research, and integrating related disciplines Plant breeding is a solution-driven science to meet ever-increasing needs with the ultimate application in mind throughout the process Plant breeding will continue to involve both the lab and field even as more molecular technologies are applied to the improvement of plants and animals Today and into the future, genetics and genomics will play major roles This keynote talk first presents plant breeding in the context of the need to meet future food supplies, then reviews some of the emerging and important technologies, documents some of the traits improved through the new technologies, and finally adds some philosophical points with special emphasis on the younger scientist

Development of SSR markers by next-generation sequencing of Korean landraces of chamoe (Cucumis melo var. makuwa).

Abstract: The oriental melon (Cucumis melo var. makuwa), called ‘chamoe’ in Korean, is a popular fruit crop cultivated mainly in Asia and a high-market value crop in Korea. To provide molecular breeding resources for chamoe, we developed and characterized genomic SSR markers from the preliminary Illumina read assemblies of Gotgam chamoe (one of the major landraces; KM) and SW3 (the breeding parent). Mononucleotide motifs were the most abundant type of markers, followed by di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentanucleotide motifs. The most abundant dinucleotide was AT, followed by AG and AC, and AAT was the most abundant trinucleotide motif in both assemblies. Following our SSR-marker development strategy, we designed a total of 370 primer sets. Of these, 236 primer sets were tested, exhibiting 93 % polymorphism between KM and SW3. Those polymorphic SSRs were successfully amplified in the netted and Kirkagac melons, which respectively exhibited 81 and 76 % polymorphism relative to KM, and 32 and 38 % polymorphism relative to SW3. Seven selected SSR markers with a total of 17 alleles (2–3 alleles per locus) were used to distinguish between KM, SW3, and four chamoe cultivars. Our results represent the first attempt to provide genomic resources for Korean landraces for the purposes of chamoe breeding, as well as to discover a set of SSR markers capable of discriminating chamoe varieties from Korea and the rest of Asia, which possess little genetic diversity. This study establishes a highly efficient strategy for developing SSR markers from preliminary Illumina assemblies of AT-rich genomes.

Precision Genome Engineering for the Breeding of Tomatoes: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives.

Abstract: Currently, poor biodiversity has raised challenges in the breeding and cultivation of tomatoes, which originated from the Andean region of Central America, under global climate change. Meanwhile, the wild relatives of cultivated tomatoes possess a rich source of genetic diversity but have not been extensively used for the genetic improvement of cultivated tomatoes due to the possible linkage drag of unwanted traits from their genetic backgrounds. With the advent of new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs), especially CRISPR/Cas-based genome engineering tools, the high-precision molecular breeding of tomato has become possible. Further, accelerated introgression or de novo domestication of novel and elite traits from/to the wild tomato relatives to/from the cultivated tomatoes, respectively, has emerged and has been enhanced with high-precision tools. In this review, we summarize recent progress in tomato precision genome editing and its applications for breeding, with a special focus on CRISPR/Cas-based approaches. Future insights and precision tomato breeding scenarios in the CRISPR/Cas era are also discussed.