Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.

Status and prospects of marker-assisted and genomic plant breeding

Abstract: State-of-the-art approaches to obtaining new plant varieties based on the potential of traditional breeding and the use of modern methods and achievements in genetics and genomics are considered. The opportunities and advantages of marker-assisted and genomic selection, as well as the importance of developing advanced methods in phenomics and genome editing, are discussed.

New Breeding Techniques for Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract: In the scenario of a new agriculture, breeding techniques are asked to play an important role in order to make productive processes more sustainable under environmental, economic and social point of view. New crops need to be more efficient as for use of water and other resources, resilient and adaptable to different environments, able to produce healthy food products, but also other renewable material from their biomass to be used with an eco-logical approach in the different ambits of human activity. Plants will have to resist to new biotic and abiotic stresses where a drastic reduction of chemicals for their efficient production is expected. Also, plants will be more and more asked to fit new human needs such as the production of medicines and vaccines, or the detoxification of water and soils. The challenges facing breeders are highly demanding. However, breeding has always guided agriculture, improving performance and enabling the achievement of important goals, particularly during the “green revolution” age. The integration of different techniques and the development of both in vitro techniques and molecular strategies have accompanied the development of innovative breeding strategies during the last 50 years. New techniques have been utilized either directly for breeding or indirectly to obtain a more thorough understanding of the traits to be improved. Plant genetic resources have played a key role in this process. The use of New Breeding Techniques (NBTs) based on exhaustive knowledge of the genome of species and varieties will enable the development of new results that overcome the limitations of classical breeding techniques and their length and limiting the risks of the first generation of molecular breeding tools. In such a scenario, plant genetic resources are once again motivating breeders to achieve new results.

Molecular characterization of wheat germplasm for stripe rust resistance genes ( Yr5 , Yr10 , Yr15 & Yr18 ) and identification of candidate lines for stripe rust breeding in Kashmir

Abstract: Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is an important disease of wheat in Jammu and Kashmir state of India. The leading cultivars and breeding lines of wheat in the state were evaluated for stripe rust resistance at the experimental fields of the Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura. The study on molecular characterization and identification of candidate lines for stripe rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15 and Yr18 depicted that gene Yr5 was found in 14 entries, Yr10 in 29 entries, Yr15 in 25 entries and Yr18 in 9 entries including reference lines, while the susceptible control did not amplify any of the resistance genes used in the study. Single gene based resistance was detected in 9 entries, two gene based resistance was detected in 20 cultivars, three gene based resistance was detected in 8 cultivars and all four gene based resistance was detected in 1 cultivar (HPW-42). Such validation information is valuable and can efficiently be used in devising future breeding strategies in building a long lasting defense against stripe rust fungus.

Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs) as Valuable Genomic Resources for the Evolution and Breeding of Brassica Crops

Abstract: Transposable elements (TEs) play important roles in structural and functional diversification, genome enlargement, and speciation in plant genome. Their derivatives or small non-autonomous TEs play important roles in the alteration of homologous genes by epigenetic control or structural modification. The miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) is one of the representative non-autonomous class II TEs. MITEs include high copy members that are widely distributed and in close association with genic regions, which make MITEs useful targets and resources for in-depth understanding of genome evolution, as well as practical applications in molecular breeding. Here, we discuss the important features of MITEs, such as the identification tools of a novel MITE family, structural characterization, distribution pattern analysis, and impact on evolution in highly duplicated Brassica genome. We show the characteristics, copy numbers, and distribution patterns of 20 novel MITE families, and represent their putative roles in the evolution of the triplicated Brassica genome. We also introduce our MITE database, and discuss the utility of MITEs for developing MITE-derived markers that are useful for molecular breeding of Brassica crops.