scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.


Papers
More filters
DOI
20 Oct 2018
TL;DR: This review summarizes the current status of the research against FHB in wheat and discusses the issues of FHB resistance investigation to date, and suggests emphasizing on gene cloning, developing more powerful functional markers, and using haplotype-assisted selection (HAS) and marker-set- assisted selection (MSAS) for further deep F HB resistance study and breeding.
Abstract: Wheat is one of the most important food crops in China and worldwide. Wheat production is facing the stresses of different diseases including Fusarium head blight (FHB) which is more and more serious recently and leading to highly concerns. Unremitting efforts have been made on Fusarium head blight resistance breeding and comprehensive control technology development. Rapid progress has been achieved on discovering of resistant genetic resources, mapping of resistant QTL/genes, resistant QTL/genes cloning, gene functional research and molecular breeding. In this review, we summarize the current status of the research against FHB in wheat and discuss the issues of FHB resistance investigation to date. We also suggest emphasizing on gene cloning, developing more powerful functional markers, using haplotype-assisted selection (HAS) and marker-set-assisted selection (MSAS) for further deep FHB resistance study and breeding.

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The research of AgroBioInstitute and Institute of Roses, Essential and Medical Cultures related to the application of marker assisted breeding for the improvement of the oil rose is presented.
Abstract: During the last 10 years a significant progress has been made in the field of rose genetic research including application of DNA markers for genotyping of rose genetic resources, development of dense genetic maps and analysis of rose metabolites. Here we review the current knowledge related to the use of DNA markers for genotyping of the available genetic resources of Rosa damascena in frame of the overall progress in rose genetics studies. We present the research of AgroBioInstitute and Institute of Roses, Essential and Medical Cultures related to the application of marker assisted breeding for the improvement of the oil rose.

7 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, metabolic biomarkers are used to predict phenotypic properties before these features become apparent and, therefore, are valuable tools for both fundamental and applied research in plant biology.
Abstract: Harnessing the vast genetic potential that exists in wild exotic species and modern crop elite varieties for plant breeding requires the establishment of rapid, predictive tools and concepts to understand the mechanistic basis for traits and to associate traits with genomic or other diagnostic information. This first step enables subsequent crop improvement by breeding and selection, using the diagnostic information to guide plant breeding to combine key traits in improved varieties. In large-scale germplasm – enhancement programs working to develop techniques to associate markers with phenotypes impacting crop quality, phenotyping is the rate-limiting step (Zamir 2001). Commonly, phenotyping of plants requires growing a set of plants and assaying the organs of interest in a time- and cost- intensive process. Current technology links these phenotypes to genetic markers to allow marker-assisted selection. However, recently, metabolomics has emerged as a highly promising approach for prediction of a variety of agronomically important phenotypes of crop plants grown in different environments, and particularly for discovering signature metabolites or biomarkers for traits of interest (Sumner et al. 2003). Biomarkers are used to predict phenotypic properties before these features become apparent and, therefore, are valuable tools for both fundamental and applied research. Diagnostic biomarkers were discovered in medicine many decades ago and are now broadly applied in clinical studies. Although routine in medicine, this approach has only recently received attention in plant biology, specifically in breeding (Steinfath et al. 2010a, b). Such metabolite biomarkers can assist in developing fast, targeted and low-cost diagnostic assays that will facilitate crop breeding programs and quality control by increasing prediction power. At the early selection stages in breeding, when the number of independent lines is high and the number of individual plants per line is limited, the predictive ability of biomarkers can significantly increase the efficiency of selection. In addition, metabolite-based biomarkers can improve marker-assisted approaches, particularly when the prediction power of other molecular markers is limited.

7 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: Improvements in genome mapping and high-throughput laboratory genotyping protocols have enabled us to monitor introgression of desired genes/regions from two or three different sources into a single background.
Abstract: Biotic stresses and abiotic stress factors such as salt, drought, cold and extreme temperatures severely limit crop productivity. Attempts to improve crop varieties for traits conferring tolerance to these stresses are being made continuously to sustain the food production. Molecular breeding and genetic engineering strategies are serving as efficient tools to accelerate the process of developing stress tolerant genotypes. Developing crop varieties that can withstand incidence of multiple stresses is one of the major breeding objectives nowadays, wherein series of target genes identified in different parents are accumulated into a single genotype (gene pyramiding). Generation of transgenic plants by introducing two or three foreign genes is one of the common means to develop plants exhibiting resistance against multiple stresses. Recently there have been advances in the mapping of genes controlling quantitative traits, through quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping experiments and analysis of genomic data. Such advancements in genome mapping and high-throughput laboratory genotyping protocols have enabled us to monitor introgression of desired genes/regions from two or three different sources into a single background. In this paper, we have attempted to review the achievements made in the field of generation of improved crop varieties by pyramiding (genetic transformation and marker assisted gene pyramiding) desired genes from different sources.

7 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Although there is substantial progress towards developing drought tolerant maize, many African farmers are yet to benefit from this technology due to lack of an enabling policy framework as well as a limited financial investment in biotechnology research.
Abstract: Africa supports a population of over 1 billion people with over half of them depending on maize for food and feed either directly or indirectly. Maize in Africa is affected by many stresses, both biotic and abiotic which significantly reduce yields and eventually lead to poor production. Due to the high demand for maize in the region, different improvement strategies have been employed in an effort to improve production. These include conventional breeding, molecular breeding, high throughput phenotyping techniques and remote sensing-based techniques. Conventional breeding techniques such as open pollination have been used to develop drought avoiding maize varieties like the Kito open pollinated variety (OPV) of Tanzania and Guto OPV of Ethiopia. A combination of conventional breeding and molecular biology techniques has led to improved breeding strategies like the Marker Assisted Back Crossing (MABC) and Marker Assisted Recurrent Selection (MARS). These techniques have been used to improve drought tolerance in existing inbred maize lines like the CML 247 and CML 176. Through genetic engineering, different genes including C4-PEPC , NPK1 , betA , ZmNF-YB2 , cspB , ZmPLC1 and TsVP have been cloned in maize. Transgenic maize crops expressing these genes have shown increased tolerance to drought stress. Although there is substantial progress towards developing drought tolerant maize, many African farmers are yet to benefit from this technology. This is due to lack of an enabling policy framework as well as a limited financial investment in biotechnology research. Keywords: Maize, Drought tolerance, Genetic engineering; Biotechnology; Transgenic crops

7 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Quantitative trait locus
24K papers, 998.7K citations
86% related
Arabidopsis thaliana
19.1K papers, 1M citations
83% related
Arabidopsis
30.9K papers, 2.1M citations
82% related
cDNA library
17.3K papers, 930.2K citations
81% related
Genetic variation
27.8K papers, 1M citations
80% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202383
2022153
2021156
2020143
2019169
2018137