Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.

Advances and Milestones of Radish Breeding: An Update

Abstract: Radish is an annual herbaceous root crop, fruit, and oil crop plant belonging to the Cruciferae family. The important traits for radish breeding include high yield, early maturity, late bolting, pungency, cold-hardiness, drought resistance, heat tolerance, and soil adaptability. For successful radish production, need to the understand nature and behavior of the flower, and very important to identify the S haplotypes of parental lines to produce F1 hybrids based on self-incompatibility to get rid of laborious hand emasculation in radish. In radish some desirable genes are not present within varieties. Therefore, further breeding programmes depend on inter-specific and intra-specific hybridization, which has a vital role in genomic studies and crop improvement by introducing desirable agronomic characters. It is essential to acquire detailed genetic information on chromosomes and information on inheritance. Genomics is now at the core of crop improvement, and radish crop is exploited to study the underlying differences in genotypes. But some monogenic characters are improved by genetic engineering. A three-decade span following the first documented instance of genetic engineering has witnessed its application's unprecedented growth. Researchers have successfully produced transgenic radishes with various agronomic characteristics over the last decade.

Prospects for Molecular Breeding in Cotton, Gossypium spp

Abstract: Conventional breeding interventions in cotton have been successful and these techniques have doubled the productivity of cotton, but it took around 40 years. One of the techniques of molecular biology i.e., genetic engineering has brought significant improvement in productivity within the year of introduction. With cotton genomics maturing, many reference genomes and related genomic resources have been developed. Newer wild species have been discovered and many countries are conserving genetic resources within and between species. This valuable germplasm can be exchanged among countries for increasing cotton productivity. As many as 249 Mapping and Association studies have been carried out and many QTLs have been discovered and it is high time for researchers to get into fine-mapping studies. Techniques of genomic selection hold valuable trust for deciphering quantitative traits like fiber quality and productivity since they take in to account all minor QTLs. There are just two studies involving genomic selection in cotton, underlining its huge prospects in cotton research. Genome editing and transformation techniques have been widely used in cotton with as many as 65 events being developed across various characters, and eight studies carried out using crisper technology. These promising technologies have huge prospects for cotton production sustainability.

Recent advances in understanding the innate immune mechanisms and developing new disease resistance breeding strategies against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in rice

Abstract: Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases in rice. Utilization of resistant cultivars is the most effective and economic strategy against the disease. Recently, rice blast has become an advanced model system for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of plant-fungal interactions. Significant progress has been made in the molecular biology, genomics and proteomics of the rice-M. oryzae interaction and host resistance in the last few years. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in rice against M. oryzae, and propose the new strategies for blast resistance molecular breeding. We also discuss the new challenges for future investigations.

A drought stress transcriptome profiling as the first genomic resource for white teak - Gamhar - (Gmelina arborea Roxb) and related species

Abstract: Background Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb), also known as white teak is a tropical deciduous tree native from moist tropical forests of Asia. It has been successfully introduced in equatorial Africa, as well as central and south America. Gmelina is known for its very fast growing rate, its intrinsic disease, fire and drought tolerance, as well as the quality of its wood which is suitable for different types of uses such as paper pulping, plywood or particle board industry, furniture and light constructions. In addition, gmelina is considered a pioneer plant species capable of rapidly colonizing eroded or low nutritional quality lands, which makes it interesting for reforestation or landscape restoration programs. Despite its ecological and increasing economic importance, very little is known about the biology of this species and its remarkable field behavior such as drought tolerance, at the genetic, molecular and biochemical levels. Genomic tools have recently increased the numbers and volume of genomic resources for several crop plants and trees and have contributed to enlarge our knowledge on basic aspects of plant biology, population dynamics or phylogeny; furthermore, they represent valuable sources of candidate genes and new molecular markers to assist breeding programs. Biological sequences reported to date in public databases and belonging to Gmelina do not exceed 20 entries: this very narrow availability of genetic information is the main bottleneck to initiate molecular breeding programs in Gmelina arborea. We report here the first genomic resource for this tropical tree based on an RNAseq transcriptome profiling approach.