Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.

Woody Ornamentals of the Temperate Zone

Abstract: Woody ornamental plants comprise a large number of genera, species, and cultivars that display a huge amount of phenotypic diversity. New introductions mainly result from natural existing variation or from selections in open-pollinated populations. Systematic commercial breeding mainly takes place in a few important genera. More advanced techniques such as interspecific hybridization and polyploidization have been successfully adopted to broaden the possibilities of woody plant improvement. Because of increased sophistication in marketing and branding, visual attractiveness at the point of sale has become one of the major breeding goals. But the real challenges continue to be biotic (disease and pest) and abiotic stress resistance (winter hardiness, heat, drought, pH, and flooding tolerance). In addition, some new trends are observed, such as breeding for sterility, breeding for multipurpose, and breeding and selecting of native plants with an ecological function. This review also provides an overview of the current status of genomics and genetic engineering in woody plants and the potential of application of genome-editing technologies to enable faster and more precise breeding.

Fine Mapping of the Ph-2 Gene Conferring Resistance to Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans) in Tomato.

Abstract: Late blight is a devastating tomato disease. Breeding new varieties with multiple resistance (R) genes is highly effective for preventing late blight. The Ph-2 gene mediates resistance to Phytophthora infestans race T1 in tomato. In this study, we used an F2 population derived from a cross between Solanum lycopersicum Moboline (resistant) and LA3988 (susceptible) cultivars for the fine mapping of Ph-2. Two flanking markers, CAPS-1 and CC-Ase, mapped Ph-2 to a 141-kb genomic region containing 21 projected genes, 5 of which were identified as putative R genes. The Solyc10g085460 coding sequence varied significantly between the parents. The markers developed and candidate genes identified in this study shall be useful for the molecular breeding of tomato exhibiting increased late blight resistance and for the cloning of the Ph-2 gene.

Allelic composition of carotenoid metabolic genes in 13 founders influences carotenoid composition in juice sac tissues of fruits among Japanese citrus breeding population.

Abstract: To enrich carotenoids, especially β-cryptoxanthin, in juice sac tissues of fruits via molecular breeding in citrus, allele mining was utilized to dissect allelic variation of carotenoid metabolic genes and identify an optimum allele on the target loci characterized by expression quantitative trait (eQTL) analysis SNPs of target carotenoid metabolic genes in 13 founders of the Japanese citrus breeding population were explored using the SureSelect target enrichment method An independent allele was determined based on the presence or absence of reliable SNPs, using trio analysis to confirm inheritability between parent and offspring Among the 13 founders, there were 7 PSY alleles, 7 HYb alleles, 11 ZEP alleles, 5 NCED alleles, and 4 alleles for the eQTL that control the transcription levels of PDS and ZDS among the ancestral species, indicating that some founders acquired those alleles from them The carotenoid composition data of 263 breeding pedigrees in juice sac tissues revealed that the phenotypic variance of carotenoid composition was similar to that in the 13 founders, whereas the mean of total carotenoid content increased This increase in total carotenoid content correlated with the increase in either or both β-cryptoxanthin and violaxanthin in juice sac tissues Bayesian statistical analysis between allelic composition of target genes and carotenoid composition in 263 breeding pedigrees indicated that PSY-a and ZEP-e alleles at PSY and ZEP loci had strong positive effects on increasing the total carotenoid content, including β-cryptoxanthin and violaxanthin, in juice sac tissues Moreover, the pyramiding of these alleles also increased the β-cryptoxanthin content Interestingly, the offset interaction between the alleles with increasing and decreasing effects on carotenoid content and the epistatic interaction among carotenoid metabolic genes were observed and these interactions complexed carotenoid profiles in breeding population These results revealed that allele composition would highly influence the carotenoid composition in citrus fruits The allelic genotype information for the examined carotenoid metabolic genes in major citrus varieties and the trio-tagged SNPs to discriminate the optimum alleles (PSY-a and ZEP-e) from the rest would promise citrus breeders carotenoid enrichment in fruit via molecular breeding

Method for producing environmental stress resistant plant

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new means for the molecular breeding of a plant having improved resistance to environmental stress such as drought stress. SOLUTION: At1g13990 gene or At4g01026 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana is transferred and expressed in a plant to impart the plant with resistance to environmental stress such as drought stress. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT